Definition: The “Zero VND” bank is the bank which has been acquired compulsorily by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) To be easy at understanding, the Zero VND banks have been bought at the price of Zero VND because their chartered captital was negative and they were unable to restructure In other words, that bank failed to implement recovery measures, dissolution measures (due to the inability to fulfill all debt payment obligations) or bankruptcy measures (due to major impact on the security and economy) Currently, banks become the zero banks because leaders who commit deliberate actions against the State's regulations on economic management that cause serious consequences (according to Article 165 of the Criminal Code) Context: At the time of 2011, according to Dr Le Xuan Nghia, finance and banking expert, the inflation economy was up to 20%, gold price could rise 20 times a day, residents, banks and businesses rushed into gold trading High interest rates, unstable liquidity made banks competed to raise their interest rates The banking system was in a dangerous situation, especially banks that had owners who were real estate traders List of the Zero VND banks: According to the State Bank at the end of 2016, there are banks among weak banks that were put into special control and had fallen into negative equity so the solution was to sell to new investors or make voluntary mergers and acquisitions or even bankruptcy, but those ways were not feasible Therefore, these joint stock banks were required to be treated in the form of a compulsory purchase of shares by the State at the price of dong (that means the State Bank does not have to spend money to buy banks), that led to restructure thoroughly and comprehensively These are the OceanBank, GPBank and CB Bank Construction Bank (CB Bank), formerly known as TrustBank, was the first bank that the central bank took over all its shares for zero dong each on February 2, 2015 After that, the SBV appointed Vietcombank to manage and operate CB Bank At the end of 2012 when this bank was listed on the list of weak and controlled banks, it accumulated losses of 8,765 billion VND and negative equity of 5,711 billionVND By the end of 2014, negative equity was more than 24,000 billion VND and accumulated loss of 27,000 billion VND At that time no investor bought CB bank and according to the valuation of the independent unit EY, the basis for buying the price of VND was due to its real negative value of more than 80 thousand dong per share Before being acquired, CB Bank had a total of 551 shareholders The legal shareholders include shareholders of the State Office Division; shareholder is Agribank Bank and shareholder is a state-owned enterprise, Long An Food Company However, nearly 85% of this bank is in the hands of the former chairman, Pham Cong Danh After only 120 days after being bought, in July 2015, it marked the return of a series of business activities of CBBank Until now, the bank has been fully opened its scope of operations with all areas of finance and banking activities Ocean Bank is the second case to be bought for VND on April 25, 2015 Although the SBV had created conditions for them to overcome, instabilities at OceanBank became more serious Accordingly, the SBV took initiative in restructuring OceanBank, ensuring deposit payment and preventing the process of weak spread to other banks Like CB Bank, OceanBank has negative chartered capital and they cannot compensate themselves to get a positive rate of over VND The SBV owns 100% chartered capital of OceanBank, terminating all rights, benefits and status of existing shareholders of this bank and appoint VietinBank to join OceanBank administration Before being acquired, major shareholders of this bank include 20% of PetroVietnam, 20% of VNT Co.Ltd, 20% of Ocean Group and 6.65% of Song Da Investment & Construction JSC After being bought, the recovery of bad debt at OceanBank has improved, and handled 5,000 billion VND of bad debt and by the end of 2015 the bank began to earn interest The Global Petroleum Bank (GP Bank) is the third bank to be bought by the State Bank, which requires all shares at VND on July 7, 2015 Like OceanBank, GP Bank is administered by VietinBank According to the audited financial statement in 2014, as of April 2, 2015, the total accumulated losses of GP.Bank amounted to 12,280 billion VND, leading to negative equity of 9,195 billion VND (meanwhile its chartered capital was 3,018 billion VND) In addition, bad debt ratio reached a record high of 45.37% Before being bought back VND, the investor group is related to Mr Ta Ba Long and Doan Van An (former chairman and vice president of the bank, were arrested) owning major stocks of GP Bank Legal entities hold about 27% of bank shares, including more than 5% of FPT Investment Management Joint Stock Company From a negative bank, GPBank now has a chartered capital of 3,018 billion VND According to the latest data from GPBank we found out, by the end of June 2016, GPBank's deposit mobilization balance increased by 8.7% compared to July 6, 2015 In addition, this bank determines that the handling of bad debt is one of the priorities Source: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_0_%C4%91%E1%BB %93ng#Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_X%C3%A2y_d%E1%BB%B1ng_2 http://cafef.vn/3-ngan-hang-0-dong-ngay-ay-bay-gio-20161005162004248.chn