Jack Moehle is the T.Y. and Margaret Lin Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois and joined the U.C. Berkeley faculty in 1980. His research and teaching activities are mainly in structural engineering, with emphasis on reinforced concrete and earthquake engineering. He was founding director of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, a multicampus research center that advanced the concepts and practice of performancebased earthquake engineering. As a licensed Civil Engineer in the State of California, Dr. Moehle works regularly as a consulting engineer, offering advice and expert peer review on highway and mass transit systems, water distribution systems, existing construction, and highrise buildings. He has played a leading role in developing professional guidance and design standards, including Improved Seismic Design Guidelines for California Highway Bridges (ATC 32); Guidelines for Evaluation and Repair of Masonry and Concrete Walls (FEMA 306); Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA 273 and ASCE 356); Development of NextGeneration PerformanceBased Seismic Design Procedures for New and Existing Buildings (FEMA P58); and Guidelines for PerformanceBased Seismic Design of Tall Buildings (Tall Buildings Initiative, PEER). He has served on the Boards of Directors of the Structural Engineers Association of Northern California, the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, and the American Concrete Institute. His awards include the Lindau Award, the Siess Award, and the Boase Award from the American Concrete Institute; the Huber Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers; the Annual Distinguished Lecturer and Outstanding Paper Award from the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; and Honorary Member and College of Fellows of the Structural Engineers Association of California. He is an elected member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. He has been a member of the ACI 318 Building Code Committee since 1989, chair of ACI 318H (Seismic Provisions) from 1995 to 2014, and is chair of the ACI 318 Building Code Committee for the 2014–2019 code cycle.
About the Author Jack Moehle is the T.Y and Margaret Lin Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley He received his Ph.D from the University of Illinois and joined the U.C Berkeley faculty in 1980 His research and teaching activities are mainly in structural engineering, with emphasis on reinforced concrete and earthquake engineering He was founding director of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, a multicampus research center that advanced the concepts and practice of performance-based earthquake engineering As a licensed Civil Engineer in the State of California, Dr Moehle works regularly as a consulting engineer, offering advice and expert peer review on highway and mass transit systems, water distribution systems, existing construction, and high-rise buildings He has played a leading role in developing professional guidance and design standards, including Improved Seismic Design Guidelines for California Highway Bridges (ATC 32); Guidelines for Evaluation and Repair of Masonry and Concrete Walls (FEMA 306); Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA 273 and ASCE 356); Development of Next-Generation Performance-Based Seismic Design Procedures for New and Existing Buildings (FEMA P-58); and Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings (Tall Buildings Initiative, PEER) He has served on the Boards of Directors of the Structural Engineers Association of Northern California, the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, and the American Concrete Institute His awards include the Lindau Award, the Siess Award, and the Boase Award from the American Concrete Institute; the Huber Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers; the Annual Distinguished Lecturer and Outstanding Paper Award from the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; and Honorary Member and College of Fellows of the Structural Engineers Association of California He is an elected member of the U.S National Academy of Engineering He has been a member of the ACI 318 Building Code Committee since 1989, chair of ACI 318H (Seismic Provisions) from 1995 to 2014, and is chair of the ACI 318 Building Code Committee for the 2014–2019 code cycle Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-0-07-183945-7 MHID: 0-07-183945-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-183944-0, MHID: 0-07-183944-5 eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and 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of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise To Melissa, For time, encouragement, diversions Contents Preface Acknowledgments Seismic Design and Performance Verification 1.1 Earthquake Resistance in Concrete Buildings 1.2 Early Developments 1.3 Current Practices 1.3.1 Building Codes 1.3.2 Conceptual Design 1.3.3 Prescriptive Design Approach 1.3.4 Performance-Based Design Approach 1.3.5 Construction Inspection 1.4 Building Performance 1.4.1 Anticipated Response of Buildings to Earthquake Ground Shaking 1.4.2 Performance Concepts 1.4.3 Use, Occupancy, and Risk Classifications 1.4.4 Building Performance Expectations 1.5 Performance Verification 1.5.1 Limit State Design 1.5.2 Serviceability Limit State 1.5.3 Ultimate Limit State (Load and Resistance Factor Design) 1.5.4 Capacity Design 1.5.5 Displacement-Based Design 1.5.6 Performance Evaluation under Earthquake Ground Shaking 1.6 The Purpose and Organization of This Book References Steel Reinforcement 2.1 Preview 2.2 Steel Reinforcement Used in Buildings 2.2.1 Standard Steel Reinforcement 2.2.2 Reinforcement Grades and Availability 2.2.3 Permitted Reinforcement 2.3 Steel Reinforcement under Monotonic Loading 2.3.1 General Characteristics of the Stress–Strain Relation 2.3.2 Tensile Properties of Steel Reinforcement 2.3.3 Compressive Properties of Steel Reinforcing Bars 2.3.4 Strain Rate Effect 2.4 Reinforcing Bars under Cyclic Loading 2.4.1 Stress–Strain Response 2.4.2 Low-Cycle Fatigue References Concrete 3.1 Preview 3.2 Composition and Structure of Concrete 3.3 Concrete Strength 3.3.1 Materials Characteristics and Proportions 3.3.2 Curing Time and Conditions 3.3.3 In-Place Concrete 3.3.4 Test Specimen Parameters 3.3.5 Expected Strength in Structures 3.4 Behavior in Uniaxial Monotonic Loading 3.4.1 Compressive Stress–Strain Response 3.4.2 Tensile Strength 3.4.3 Strain Rate Effects 3.5 Behavior in Uniaxial Cyclic Loading 3.6 Behavior in Multi-axial Stress States 3.6.1 Plain Concrete in Biaxial Stress State 3.6.2 Reinforced Concrete in Biaxial Loading 3.6.3 Plain Concrete in Triaxial Stress State 3.7 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 3.8 Chapter Review References Confined Concrete 4.1 Preview 4.2 Behavior of Confined Concrete Sections 4.3 Mechanism of Concrete Confinement 4.3.1 Passive Confinement of Concrete 4.3.2 Columns with Spiral and Circular Hoop Reinforcement 4.3.3 Columns with Rectilinear Hoop Reinforcement 4.3.4 Loading Rate Effect 4.3.5 Aggregate Density Effect 4.3.6 Compressive Strength Effect 4.3.7 Cyclic Loading Effect 4.3.8 Reinforcement Details 4.4 Analytical Modeling of Confined Concrete 4.4.1 Strain at Peak Stress 4.4.2 Maximum Strain Capacity for Confined Concrete 4.4.3 Stress–Strain Relation References Axially Loaded Members 5.1 Preview 5.2 Some Observations on the Behavior of Compression Members 5.3 Analysis Assumptions for Compression Members 5.4 Service Load Behavior of Compression Members 5.4.1 Linear Elastic Response 5.4.2 Effects of Drying Shrinkage and Creep 5.5 Inelastic Behavior of Compression Members 5.5.1 Cover and Core Concrete 5.5.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement 5.5.3 Load–Displacement Response 5.5.4 Transverse Reinforcement Required for Ductility 5.6 Tension Members 5.7 Reversed Cyclic Loading 5.7.1 Stability of Longitudinal Reinforcement 5.7.2 Stability of Axially Loaded Members 5.8 Chapter Review References Moment and Axial Force 6.1 Preview 6.2 Some Observations about Flexural Behavior 6.3 Internal and External Force Equilibrium 6.4 Flexural Deformations 6.5 Flexural Behavior of Sections 6.5.1 General Observations 6.5.2 Spalling Strain 6.6 Moment–Curvature Analysis 6.6.1 Analysis Assumptions and General Procedure 6.6.2 Linear-Elastic Response of Uncracked Sections 6.6.3 Linear-Elastic Response of Cracked Sections 6.6.4 Flexural Stiffness at Service Loads 6.6.5 Response at Ultimate Limit States 6.6.6 Compression Stress Block Parameters 6.6.7 Automation of Moment–Curvature Calculations 6.7 Beams 6.7.1 Moment–Curvature Response 6.7.2 Nominal, Probable, and Design Moment Strengths 6.7.3 Reinforcement Limits 6.8 Columns 6.8.1 General Observations about Axial Force, Moment, and Curvature 6.8.2 Construction of P-M-Ø Relations by Hand Calculations 6.8.3 Axial Force, Moment, and Curvature Response 6.8.4 Nominal, Probable, and Design Strengths 6.8.5 Reinforcement Limits 6.9 Walls 6.9.1 Geometry and Reinforcement 6.9.2 Axial Force, Moment, and Curvature Response 6.9.3 Nominal, Probable, and Design Strengths 6.9.4 Reinforcement Limits 6.10 Flanged Sections 6.10.1 Beams 6.10.2 Walls 6.11 Load-Deflection Calculations 6.11.1 Linear Response 6.11.2 Nonlinear Inelastic Range 6.12 Reversed Cyclic Loading 6.12.1 General Aspects of Response to Reversed Cyclic Loading 6.12.2 Laboratory Tests References Shear in Beams, Columns, and Walls 7.1 Preview 7.2 Some Observations about Shear in Flexural Members 7.3 Relations among Moment, Shear, and Bond 7.4 Beam Action and Arch Action 7.5 Internal Forces in Members with Transverse Reinforcement 7.6 Strut-and-Tie Models ... 1Blume, J. A ., N.M Newmark, and L.H Corning (1961) Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Motions, Portland Cement Association, Evanston, IL, 318 pp CHAPTER Seismic Design. .. University of California, Berkeley, it serves as a resource for a first-semester graduate course on seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings, touching on selected subjects in most of the chapters,... suggestions for improvements, clarifications, and corrections to my attention at moehleRCSeismic@gmail.com Jack Moehle August 2014 Acknowledgments n early text on seismic design of concrete buildings1