After reading chapter 8, you should be able to: Identify the activities involved in performance management, discuss the purposes of performance management systems, define five criteria for measuring the effectiveness of a performance management system,...
Fundamentals of Human Resource Management 11e Chapter Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Introduction § § Ideally, employees who understand what working is about in the organization will become fully productive HR helps employees become welladjusted and productive through socialization, training, and development programs In other words, they’re hired – now what? Fundamentals of Human The InsiderOutsider Passage § § § Socialization, or “onboarding” is a process of adaptation to a new work role Adjustments must be made whenever individuals change jobs The most profound adjustment occurs when an individual first enters an organization Fundamentals of Human The InsiderOutsider Passage The Assumptions of Employee Socialization socialization strongly influences employee performance and organizational stability new members suffer anxiety socialization needs to be consistentwithculture FundamentalsofHumanResource individualsadjusttonew situationsinsimilarways TheInsiderưOutsiderPassage TheSocializationProcess Đ Prearrival ã Đ Encounter ã Đ Individualsarrivewithasetofvalues,attitudes,andexpectations developedfrompreviousexperienceandtheselectionprocess Individualsdiscoverhowwelltheirexpectationsmatchrealitieswithin theorganization.Wheredifferencesexist,socializationoccurstoimbue theemployeewiththeorganizationsstandards Metamorphosis ã Individuals have adapted to the organization, feel accepted, and know what is expected of them. Fundamentals of Human The InsiderOutsider Passage The Socialization Process Outcomes Productivity Prearrival Encounter Metamorphosis Commitment Turnover Fundamentals of Human Resource The Purpose of NewEmployee Orientation Orientation § May be done by supervisor, HR staff, computer based programs, or some combination § Can be formal or informal, depending on the organization’s size § Teaches the organization’s culture, or system of shared meaning Socialized employees know how things are done, what matters, and which behaviors and perspectives are acceptable Fundamentals of Human The Purpose of NewEmployee Orientation http://www.southwest.com/careers/culture.html http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/diversity/sharedvalues.html http://www.google.com/corporate/culture.html http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/321.aspx FundamentalsofHumanResource EmployeeHandbook Đ HRspermanentreferenceguide:the employeehandbook. ã ã ã Centralsourceforteachingemployeescompany mission Includes history, policies, benefits, culture Employers must watch wording and include a disclaimer to avoid implied contracts The Small Business Administration has suggestions and guidelines for creating an employee handbook on its website sba.gov Fundamentals of Human The Purpose of NewEmployee Orientation Top management is often visible during the new employee orientation process. CEOs can • • • • • Welcome employees Provide a vision for the company Introduce company culture Convey that the company cares about employees Allay some new employee anxieties Fundamentals of Human Training Methods OntheJob Training Methods § § § § Job Rotation OntheJob Training Apprenticeships Internships OfftheJob Training Methods § § § § Classroom Lectures Multimedia Learning Simulations Vestibule Training Fundamentals of Human Employee Development employee development methods Fundamentals of Human Resource Employee Development assistant-to positions job rotation § Moving employees horizontally or vertically to expand their skills, knowledge, and abilities Fundamentals of Human § Employees with potential can work under and be coached by successful managers Employee Development § committee assignment § lecture courses/ seminars Fundamentals of Human Provide opportunities for decisionmaking, learning by watching others, and investigating specific organizational problems Benefit from today’s technology and are often offered in a distance learning format Employee Development simulations § Include case studies, decision games, and role plays and are intended to improve decisionmaking Fundamentals of Human adventure training § Include case studies, decision games, and role plays and are intended to improve decisionmaking Training Costs § § § $171.5 billion is spent annually on employee training. Nearly twothirds of that was spent internally. The balance was spent on training by external organizations $1,228 was the average spent per employee in the United States Employees spend an average of nearly 32 a year in training , with 22 of those spent in a classroom, and nearly 9 of those hours spent online using a selfpaced or instructorled online learning Fundamentals of Human Organization Development § § Organizational development (OD) efforts also facilitate change with employees, whether newly hired or well seasoned Change agents help employees adapt to the organization’s new: systems people processes Fundamentals of Human technology Organization Development § Two metaphors clarify the change process. • • • • § Calm waters (Kurt Lewin): Unfreezing the status quo Change to a new state Refreezing to ensure that the change is permanent Whitewater rapids: • recognizes today’s business environment, which is less stable and not as predictable Fundamentals of Human Organization Development Organizational development facilitates longterm organizationwide changes. § OD techniques include: • • • • Survey feedback gets workers’ attitudes/perceptions on the change Process consultation gets outside experts to help ease OD efforts Team building strives for cohesion in a work group Intergroup development achieves cohesion among different work groups change can be stressful for employees Fundamentals of Human Organization Development Alearningorganizationvaluescontinuedlearningand believesacompetitiveadvantagecanbegainedfromit Đ Characterizedby ã ã ã ã Acapacitytocontinuouslyadapt Employeescontinuallyacquiringandsharingnew knowledge Collaboration across functional specialties Supporting teams, leadership, and culture Fundamentals of Human Evaluating Training and Development Effectiveness § Employee and management opinions aren’t necessarily valid measures of evaluating effective training. They may be influenced by: • • • § § Difficulty Entertainment value Personality of the instructor Performancebased measures (benefits gained) are better indicators of training’s costeffectiveness Divide the benefit of the training by the cost of the training to determine ROI (return on investment) Fundamentals of Human Evaluating Training and Development Effectiveness How can HR evaluate training method results when measures aren’t easy to calculate? Through Kirkpatrick’s model: Level What was reaction to training? Level What was learned? Level Did training change behavior? Level Did training benefit employer? FundamentalsofHuman EvaluatingTrainingand DevelopmentEffectiveness HRcanalsouseperformanceưbasedevaluationmeasures. Đ Postưtrainingmethod: ã Đ Preưpostưtrainingmethod: ã Đ Employeesonưtheưjobperformanceisassessedafter training Employeesjobperformanceisassessedbothbeforeand aftertraining,todeterminewhetherachangehastaken place Preưpostưtrainingw/controlgroup: ã Compares results of instructed group to noninstructed group Fundamentals of Human International Training and Development Issues Training and development is critical to overseas employees. It must teach the culture’s: § § § § § § § Politics Language Religion Economy History Social climate Business practice may involve role playing, simulations, and immersion in the culture Fundamentals of Human Let’s Play Jeopardystyle! A process of adaptation to a new work role What is socialization/onboarding? Individuals adjust to new situations in similar ways What is an assumption of employee socialization? Prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis What are the steps in the socialization process? A central source on company mission, history, policies, benefits, and culture What is an employee handbook? Job rotation, assistant-to positions, committee assignments, lectures/seminars, simulations What are the employee development methods? They help employees adapt to OD efforts What are change agents? Post-training method, pre-post-training, pre-post-training w/control group What are performance-based evaluation methods? Fundamentals of Human Resource ... change agents? Post-training method, pre-post-training, pre-post-training w/control group What are performance-based evaluation methods? Fundamentals? ?of? ?Human? ?Resource? ? ... Participant Role • HRM offers its assistance for future employee needs (career guidance, training, etc.) Fundamentals? ?of? ?Human? ? Employee Training Fundamentals? ?of? ?Human? ?Resource? ? Training Methods... what is expected? ?of? ?them. Fundamentals? ?of? ?Human? ? The InsiderOutsider Passage The Socialization Process Outcomes Productivity Prearrival Encounter Metamorphosis Commitment Turnover Fundamentals? ?of? ?Human? ?Resource? ?