General, Organic & Biological Chemistry, 5e (Timberlake) Chapter Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The number of valence electrons found in an atom of a Group A element is equal to A) its atomic number B) its mass number C) its group number D) eight E) eight minus the group number Answer: C Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 2) Valence electrons are electrons located A) in the outermost energy level of an atom B) in the nucleus of an atom C) in the innermost energy level of an atom D) throughout the atom E) in the first three shells of an atom Answer: A Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 3) In an electron-dot structure of an element, the dots are used to represent A) all of the electrons in the atom B) the valence electrons C) the electron arrangement D) only the electrons that will participate in bond formation E) the electrons that the element will gain when it forms a compound Answer: B Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 4) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structures for the elements in group 3A(13)? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: C Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5) How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five Answer: E Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 6) How many valence electrons does carbon have? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five Answer: D Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 7) The octet rule indicates that A) all of the noble gases have eight total electrons B) all of the shells in an atom hold a maximum of electrons C) all of the Group A elements have valence electrons D) atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have valence electrons E) the noble gases react with other compounds to get valence electrons Answer: D Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 8) In ionic compounds, lose their valence electrons to form positively charged (5,2) A) metals; anions B) nonmetals; cations C) metals; polyatomic ions D) nonmetals; anions E) metals; cations Answer: E Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 9) How many electrons will aluminum gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose B) gain C) lose D) lose E) gain Answer: D Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 10) What is the symbol for the ion with 19 protons and 18 electrons? A) F+ B) FC) Ar+ D) K- Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc E) K+ Answer: E Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 11) To form an ion, a sodium atom A) gains one electron B) gains two electrons C) loses seven electrons D) loses one electron E) loses two electrons Answer: D Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 12) An anion always A) has a positive charge B) contains a group of two or more atoms with a positive charge C) contains a metal and a nonmetal D) forms covalent bonds E) has a negative charge Answer: E Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 13) What is the ionic charge of an ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 3+ D) 2E) 3Answer: C Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 14) The number of electrons in an ion with 20 protons and an ionic charge of + is A) 24 B) 22 C) 20 D) 18 E) 16 Answer: D Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 15) Elements in group 2A(2) of the periodic table form ions with a charge of A) 1+ B) 1- C) 2+ D) 3+ E) Answer: C Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 16) The ion of aluminum is A) Al+ B) Al2+ C) Al3+ D) Al3- E) Al2- Answer: C Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 17) How many electrons will chlorine gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose B) gain C) lose D) gain E) lose Answer: B Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 18) What is the correct formula for the oxide ion? A) O2B) OC) O+ D) O2+ E) O3+ Answer: A Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 19) What is the formula of the nitride ion? A) N3B) NO2C) NO33D) NO32E) NO3Answer: A Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 20) How many electrons will lithium gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose B) gain C) lose D) lose E) gain Answer: A Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 21) How many electrons will iodine gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose B) gain C) lose D) lose E) gain Answer: E Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 22) An ionic compound A) has a net positive charge B) has a net negative charge C) contains only cations D) contains only anions E) has a net charge of zero Answer: E Objective: 6.2 Global Outcomes: GO2 23) The correct formula for a compound formed from the elements Al and O is A) AlO B) Al2O C) Al3O2 D) AlO3 E) Al2O3 Answer: E Objective: 6.2 Global Outcomes: GO2 24) The correct formula for the compound formed from Mg and S is A) MgS B) MgS2 C) Mg2S D) Mg2S2 E) Mg2S3 Answer: A Objective: 6.2 Global Outcomes: GO2 25) Which one of the following compounds contains an ion with a + charge? A) KCl B) Na2O C) FeCl3 D) CuCl E) MgCl2 Answer: C Objective: 6.2 Global Outcomes: GO2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 26) The compound MgCl2 is named A) magnesium chlorine B) magnesium dichloride C) magnesium(II) chloride D) magnesium chloride E) dimagnesium chloride Answer: D Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 27) Which one of the following elements forms two or more ions with different ionic charges? A) K B) F C) Ca D) O E) Fe Answer: E Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 28) What is the correct formula for the iron(II) ion? A) Fe+ B) Fe2+ C) Fe3+ D) Fe2E) Fe3- Answer: B Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 29) The name of the Cu+ ion is A) copper(II) B) copper(I) C) cobalt D) copper E) cuprum Answer: B Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 30) What is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfide? A) Fe2S2 B) Fe2S C) FeS D) FeS2 E) Fe2S3 Answer: E Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 31) The name of Al2(SO4)3 is A) aluminum(III) sulfate B) dialuminum trisulfate C) dialuminum sulfate D) dialuminum trisulfide E) aluminum sulfate Answer: E Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 32) The name of PbO2 is A) lead dioxide B) lead(II) oxide C) lead(IV) oxide D) plumbum oxide E) lead oxygen Answer: C Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 33) The formula of copper(I) sulfide is A) CuS B) Cu2S C) Cu2(SO4)3 D) CuSO4 E) CuS2 Answer: B Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 34) A group of covalently bonded atoms that has an overall electrical charge is called a(n) A) ionic compound B) anion C) polyatomic ion D) cation E) molecule Answer: C Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 35) Which of the following polyatomic ions has a positive charge? A) hydroxide B) sulfate C) hydrogen carbonate D) ammonium E) nitrate Answer: D Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 36) The name of the HSO4- ion is A) sulfate B) hydrogen sulfate C) sulfite D) hydrogen sulfite E) sulfide Answer: B Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 37) What is the formula of a compound that contains Na + and PO43- ions? A) Na3PO4 B) NaPO4 C) Na2PO3 D) Na3PO3 E) Na3P Answer: A Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 38) Fe2(SO4)3 is called A) iron sulfate B) iron(II) sulfate C) iron(III) sulfate D) diiron trisulfate E) iron trisulfate Answer: C Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 39) What is the formula for aluminum nitrite? A) Al2NO2 B) AlNO3 C) Al(NO2)3 D) Al2(NO3)3 E) Al2(NO2)2 Answer: C Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 40) Which of the following polyatomic ions has a 3- ionic charge? A) hydroxide B) nitrate C) sulfate D) phosphate E) bicarbonate Answer: D Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 41) A(n) is the smallest neutral unit of two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond A) ionic compound B) nucleus C) molecule D) formula E) unit Answer: C Objective: 6.5 Global Outcomes: GO2 10 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 46) The correct name for the compound N2O3 is A) nitrogen oxide B) nitrogen trioxide C) dinitride trioxide D) dinitrogen oxide E) dinitrogen trioxide Answer: E Objective: 6.5 Global Outcomes: GO2 47) What is the formula of carbon tetraiodide? A) CI B) CI4 C) C4I D) CI3 E) C2I4 Answer: B Objective: 6.5 Global Outcomes: GO2 48) Which of the following elements does NOT exist as a diatomic molecule? A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) chlorine D) oxygen E) carbon Answer: E Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 49) In a covalently bonded molecule, the number of electrons that an atom shares with others is usually equal to the number of electrons A) in the atom B) in its nucleus C) in all the atoms D) in its ion E) needed to give it a stable electron configuration Answer: E Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 12 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 50) Double and triple bonds form because A) the atoms involved have high electronegativities B) single covalent bonds not give all of the atoms in the molecule eight valence electrons C) one of the atoms in the molecule has more than eight valence electrons D) the ions involved have charges larger than one E) there is at least one hydrogen atom involved in the bond Answer: B Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 51) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structure of H2O? A) B) C) D) E) 10 Answer: D Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 52) How many lone pairs of electrons are in the electron-dot structure of H 2O? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: C Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 53) Choose the best electron-dot structure for OCl2 A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 13 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 54) Choose the best electron-dot structure for CH2Cl2 A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 55) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structure of CCl 4? A) B) 82 C) D) E) 32 Answer: E Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 56) The ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond is its A) electronegativity B) bonding ability C) polarity D) ionic character E) nonpolarity Answer: A Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 14 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 57) Which of the following substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? A) H2O B) NaCl C) NH3 D) MgF2 E) N2 Answer: E Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 58) Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity? A) Li B) C C) N D) O E) F Answer: A Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 59) Which of the following compounds contains a polar covalent bond? A) NaF B) HCl C) Br2 D) MgO E) O2 Answer: B Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 60) Which of the following compounds contains an ionic bond? A) NH3 B) H2O C) CaO D) H2 E) CH4 Answer: C Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 15 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 61) If the electronegativity difference between elements X and Y is 2.1, the bond between the elements X-Y is A) ionic B) nonpolar ionic C) nonpolar covalent D) polar covalent E) impossible Answer: A Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 62) Ionic bonding is expected in which of these compounds? A) Cl2 B) KF C) OF2 D) HF E) H2 Answer: B Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 63) A polar covalent bond is found in which of these compounds? A) H2O B) F2 C) NaCl D) H2 E) N2 Answer: A Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 64) The bond in Cl2 is a(n) A) ionic bond B) nonpolar covalent bond C) metallic bond D) polar ionic bond E) no bond Answer: B Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 16 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 65) The VSEPR theory allows us to determine the most favorable A) shape of a molecule B) charge on an ion C) color of a compound D) bond type for a molecule E) formula for a compound Answer: A Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 66) The shape of the carbon tetrachloride molecule is A) linear B) square C) pyramidal D) tetrahedral E) octagonal Answer: D Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 67) The water molecule has a dipole with the negative portion A) localized between the hydrogen atoms B) pointing toward the oxygen atom C) localized on one of the hydrogens D) pointing from the oxygen through the hydrogen atoms E) surrounding the molecule Answer: B Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 68) The shape of the ammonia molecule ( NH3) is A) linear B) square C) pyramidal D) hexagonal E) octagonal Answer: C Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 69) The shape of the carbon dioxide (CO2) is A) linear B) square C) pyramidal D) hexagonal E) bent Answer: A Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 70) The shape of the water molecule ( H2O) is A) linear B) tetrahedral C) pyramidal D) bent E) octagonal Answer: D 17 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 71) The carbon tetrachloride molecule, CCl4, has the shape of a A) tetrahedron B) square C) cube D) circle E) sphere Answer: A Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 72) Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, has a shape similar to A) carbon dioxide B) carbon monoxide C) hydrogen chloride D) water E) carbon tetrachloride Answer: D Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 73) The carbon tetrachloride molecule, CCl4, is A) a polar molecule with polar bonds B) a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds C) a nonpolar molecule with nonpolar bonds D) a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds E) a polar molecule with ionic bonds Answer: B Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 18 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 74) The ammonia molecule ( NH3) is A) a polar molecule with polar bonds B) a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds C) a nonpolar molecule with nonpolar bonds D) a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds E) a polar molecule with ionic bonds Answer: A Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 75) The strongest interactions between molecules of ammonia ( NH 3) are A) ionic bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) polar covalent D) dipole-dipole E) dispersion forces Answer: B Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 76) The strongest interactions between molecules of hydrogen ( H2) are A) ionic bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) polar covalent D) dipole-dipole E) dispersion forces Answer: E Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 77) The strongest interactions between molecules of hydrogen chloride are A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) dipole-dipole interactions E) dispersion forces Answer: D Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 78) The strongest interactions between molecules of iodine I2 are examples of A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) dipole-dipole interactions E) dispersion forces Answer: E Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 79) The strongest interactions in the compound sodium fluoride, NaF, are examples of A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) dipole-dipole interactions E) dispersion forces 19 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Answer: A Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 80) The strongest interactions between atoms of helium He are examples of A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) dipole-dipole interactions E) dispersion forces Answer: E Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 6.2 Short Answer Questions Identify each of the following molecules as polar or nonpolar 1) carbon tetrachloride Answer: nonpolar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 2) water Answer: polar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 3) carbon dioxide Answer: nonpolar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 4) hydrogen sulfide Answer: polar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 5) hydrogen fluoride Answer: polar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 6) carbon monoxide Answer: polar Objective: 6.8 Global Outcomes: GO2 Identify each of the following compounds as covalent or ionic 7) nitrogen trichloride Answer: covalent Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 8) carbon tetrachloride Answer: covalent Objective: 6.6 20 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Global Outcomes: GO2 9) potassium oxide Answer: ionic Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 10) carbon dioxide Answer: covalent Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 11) sodium fluoride Answer: ionic Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 12) hydrogen sulfide Answer: covalent Objective: 6.6 Global Outcomes: GO2 13) The weakest type of force between particles of a substance is termed Answer: dispersion forces Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 14) Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds? Answer: weaker Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 15) Are dipole-dipole interactions weak or strong compared to ionic bonds? Answer: weak Objective: 6.9 Global Outcomes: GO2 16) What is the name of Na2S? Answer: sodium sulfide Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 17) What is the name of FeCl3? Answer: iron(III) chloride Objective: 6.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 18) What is the name of SF6? Answer: sulfur hexafluoride Objective: 6.5 Global Outcomes: GO2 21 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 6.3 Matching Questions Match the correct name of the polyatomic ions with the formulas given A) hydrogen sulfate B) nitrite C) hydroxide D) carbonate E) phosphite F) sulfate G) oxide H) hydrogen carbonate I) nitrate J) hydrogen sulfite K) phosphate L) carbonite M) sulfite 1) NO3- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 2) CO32- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 3) SO42- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 4) SO32- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 5) PO43- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 6) NO2- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 7) HCO3- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 22 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 8) HSO4- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 9) OH- Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 Answers: 1) I 2) D 3) F 4) M 5) K 6) B 7) H 8) A 9) C 23 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Give the correct charge for ions of the following elements A) 1B) 2C) 1+ D) E) 2+ F) 3+ 10) Ca Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO2 11) Cl Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO2 12) O Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO2 13) Al Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO2 14) K Objective: 6.1 Global Outcomes: GO2 Answers: 10) E 11) A 12) B 13) F 14) C 24 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Indicate the type of bonding you would expect between the following elements A) none B) polar covalent C) nonpolar covalent D) ionic 15) Na and F Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 16) N and F Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 17) F and F Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 18) He and F Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 19) H and F Objective: 6.7 Global Outcomes: GO2 Answers: 15) D 16) B 17) C 18) A 19) B 25 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Match the chemical name with the correct formula A) MgSO3 B) MgSO4 C) MgS D) Mg(HSO4)2 E) Mg(HSO3)2 20) magnesium sulfate Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 21) magnesium hydrogen sulfate Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 22) magnesium sulfide Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 23) magnesium sulfite Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 24) magnesium hydrogen sulfite Objective: 6.4 Global Outcomes: GO2 Answers: 20) B 21) D 22) C 23) A 24) E 26 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc ... Outcomes: GO2 16) N and F Objective: 6. 7 Global Outcomes: GO2 17) F and F Objective: 6. 7 Global Outcomes: GO2 18) He and F Objective: 6. 7 Global Outcomes: GO2 19) H and F Objective: 6. 7 Global Outcomes:... 6. 6 Global Outcomes: GO2 8) carbon tetrachloride Answer: covalent Objective: 6. 6 20 Copyright © 20 16 Pearson Education, Inc Global Outcomes: GO2 9) potassium oxide Answer: ionic Objective: 6. 6... Objective: 6. 8 Global Outcomes: GO2 66 ) The shape of the carbon tetrachloride molecule is A) linear B) square C) pyramidal D) tetrahedral E) octagonal Answer: D Objective: 6. 8 Global Outcomes: GO2 67 )