Lecture Intermediate Accounting (13th edition) - Chapter 12: Intangible assets

After completing this chapter you should be able to: Describe the characteristics of intangible assets, identify the costs to include in the initial valuation of intangible assets, explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets, describe the types of intangible assets...and other contents.

Chapter 12-1 CHAPTER INTANGIBLE 12 ASSETS Intermediate Accounting 13th Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield  Chapter 12-2 Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Describe the characteristics of intangible assets Identify the costs to include in the initial valuation of intangible assets Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets Describe the types of intangible assets Explain the conceptual issues related to goodwill Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill Explain the accounting issues related to intangible­asset impairments Identify the conceptual issues related to research and development costs Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs 10 Indicate the presentation of intangible assets and related items Chapter 12-3 Intangible Assets Intangible Assets Intangible Asset Issues Types of Intangibles Impairment of Intangibles Characteristic s Valuation Marketingrelated Customerrelated Artisticrelated Contractrelated Technologyrelated Goodwill Limited-life intangibles Indefinite-life intangibles other than goodwill Goodwill Amortization Chapter 12-4 Summary Research and Development Costs Identifying R&D Accounting for R&D Similar costs Conceptual questions Presentation of Intangibles and Related Items Intangible assets R&D costs Intangible Asset Issues Intangible Asset Issues Characteristics Two Main Characteristics: (1) They lack physical existence (2) They are not financial instruments Normally classified as long­term asset Common types of intangibles: Patents Trademarks or trade names Copyrights Goodwill Franchises or licenses Chapter 12-5 LO 1  Describe the characteristics of intangible assets Intangible Asset Issues Intangible Asset Issues Valuation Purchased Intangibles: Recorded at cost Includes all costs necessary to make the intangible asset ready for its  intended use Internally Created Intangibles: Generally expensed Only capitalize direct costs incurred in developing the intangible, such as  legal costs Chapter 12-6 LO 2  Identify the costs to include in the initial valuation of intangible assets Intangible Asset Issues Intangible Asset Issues Amortization of Intangibles Limited­Life Intangibles: Amortize to expense Credit asset account or accumulated amortization Indefinite­Life Intangibles: No foreseeable limit on time the asset is expected to provide cash flows.  No amortization Chapter 12-7 LO 3  Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets Intangible Asset Issues Intangible Asset Issues Accounting for Intangibles Illustration 12-1 Chapter 12-8 LO 3  Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets Types of Intangibles Types of Intangibles Six Major Categories: (1) Marketing­related (2) Customer­related (3) Artistic­related (4) Contract­related (5) Technology­related (6) Goodwill Chapter 12-9 LO 4  Describe the types of intangible assets Types of Intangibles Types of Intangibles Marketing­Related Intangible Assets Examples are:   trademarks or trade names, newspaper mastheads, Internet  domain names, and noncompetition agreements Trademark or trade name has legal protection for indefinite number of  10 year renewal periods.  Capitalize acquisition costs.  No amortization Chapter 12-10 LO 4  Describe the types of intangible assets Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs E12­1:  Indicate how items on the list below would generally be reported in the financial  statements.  Item Item 1.   Investment in a subsidiary company 2.  Timberland 3.   Cost of engineering activity required to advance  the design of a product to the manufacturing  stage 4.   Lease prepayment  5.   Cost of equipment obtained under a         capital  lease 6.   Cost of searching for applications of         new  research findings Chapter 12-43 Classification Classification Long­term investments PP&E R & D expense Prepaid rent PP&E  R & D expense LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs E12­1:  Indicate how items on the list below would generally be reported in the financial  statements.  Item Item 7.   Cost incurred in the formation of a    corporation 8.   Operating losses incurred in the       start­up  of a business 9.  Training costs incurred in start­up  of new  operation 10.  Purchase cost of a franchise 11.   Goodwill generated internally 12.  Cost of testing in search of product alternatives Chapter 12-44 Classification Classification Expense Operating loss Expense 10 11 12 Intangible Not recorded R & D expense LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs E12­1:  Indicate how items on the list below would generally be reported in the financial  statements.  Item Item 13.  Goodwill acquired in the purchase business 14.  Cost of developing a patent 15.  Cost of purchasing a patent from inventor 16.  Legal costs incurred in securing a 17.  Unrecovered costs of a successful to protect the patent Chapter 12-45 Classification Classification      of a  13 Intangible      an  14 R & D Expense 15 Intangible      patent      legal suit  16 Intangible 17 Intangible LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs E12­1:  Indicate how items on the list below would generally be reported in the financial  statements.  Item Item Classification Classification 18.  Cost of conceptual formulation of      possible  product alternatives 18 R & D Expense 19.  Cost of purchasing a copyright 19 Intangible 20.  Research and development costs 20 R & D Expense 21.  Cost of developing a trademark 21 Expensed 22.  Cost of purchasing a trademark 22 Intangible Chapter 12-46 LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs Other Costs Similar to R & D Costs Start­up costs for a new operation Initial operating losses Advertising costs Computer software costs Chapter 12-47 LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Research and Development Costs Research and Development Costs Example: Compute the amount to be reported as research and development expense $280,000 / 5 = $56,000  Cost of equipment acquired that will have alternative uses in future  R&D projects over the next 5 years R&D  Expense $280,000 $56,000 59,000 59,000 Consulting fees paid to outsiders for R&D projects 100,000 100,000 Personnel costs of persons involved in R&D projects 128,000 128,000 Indirect costs reasonably allocable to R&D projects 50,000 50,000 Materials purchased for future R&D projects 34,000 Materials consumed in R&D projects $393,000 Chapter 12-48 LO 9  Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs Presentations of Intangibles and R Presentations of Intangibles and R&&DD Balance sheet Intangible assets shown as a separate item.  Contra accounts normally not shown Income statement Report amortization expense and impairment losses in continuing  operations.  Total R&D costs charged to expense must be disclosed Chapter 12-49 LO  10 Indicate the presentation of intangible assets and related items Presentations of Intangibles Presentations of Intangibles Illustration 12-15 Chapter 12-50 LO  10 Indicate the presentation of intangible assets and related items Presentations of R Presentations of R&&D Costs D Costs Illustration 12-16 Chapter 12-51 LO  10 Indicate the presentation of intangible assets and related items Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Diversity in Practice APPENDIX 12A Companies can either   purchase computer software or   create it.  How should companies account for the costs of developing software?   Should they expense such costs immediately, or capitalize and  amortize them in the future? Chapter 12-52 LO 11  Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs The Profession’s Position FASB ASC 985­20­05 ­ Major recommendations of this pronouncement are: Until a company has established technological feasibility for a  software product, it should charge to R&D expense the costs incurred  in creating the product Technological feasibility is established when the company has  completed a detailed program design or a working model Chapter 12-53 LO 11  Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Capitalized Software Costs If companies are to capitalize software costs, then they must establish a  proper amortization pattern As a basis for amortization, one of two amounts is used: the ratio of current revenues to current and anticipated revenues (the percent­ of­revenue approach), or  the straight­line method over the remaining useful life of the asset (straight­ line approach).  Must use whichever of those amounts is greater.  Chapter 12-54 LO 11  Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Illustration:  AT&T has capitalized software costs of $10 million, and  current (first­year) revenues from sales of this product of $4 million. AT&T  anticipates earning $16 million in additional future revenues from this  product; it estimates that the product has an economic life of four years.  Under the two approaches, the calculations are as follows for the first year’s  amortization: Percent­of­revenue approach Chapter 12-55 Straight­line approach LO 11  Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Accounting for Computer Software Costs Reporting Software Costs Companies should report the following information relating to software Unamortized software costs The total amount charged to expense and the amounts, if any, written  down to net realizable value Chapter 12-56 LO 11  Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs Copyright Copyright Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or  translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United  States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner  is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions  Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back­up copies for  his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no  responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs  or from the use of the information contained herein Chapter 12-57 ... No amortization Chapter 1 2-7 LO 3  Explain the procedure for amortizing? ?intangible? ?assets Intangible? ?Asset Issues Intangible? ?Asset Issues Accounting? ?for Intangibles Illustration 1 2-1 Chapter 1 2-8 LO 3  Explain the procedure for amortizing? ?intangible? ?assets. .. Describe the? ?accounting? ?for research and development and similar costs 10 Indicate the presentation of? ?intangible? ?assets? ?and related items Chapter 1 2-3 Intangible? ?Assets Intangible? ?Assets Intangible. .. the? ?intangible? ?asset is $1,500,000.  Illustration 1 2-7 Chapter 1 2-3 4 LO 7  Explain the? ?accounting? ?issues related to? ?intangible? ?asset impairments Impairment of? ?Intangible? ?Assets Impairment of? ?Intangible? ?Assets