Ngữ điệu tiếng anh đối với người việt nói tiếng anh 5 04 08

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N O I TRIT6NG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN NGUYEN HUY KY NG0 DIEU TIENG ANH DOI Vdl NGirClI VIET NOI TIENG ANH LUAN AN TIEN Sl CHUYEN NGANH: NGLTVAN LI LUAN NGON NGLT MA SO: 5.04.08 Nguoi hirdng d^n khoa hoc: GS.TS DOAN THIEN THUAT TS HOANG CAO CUONG OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI ri^UNG lAM THONG TIN THU VIEN HA NOI - 2004 LCII CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cun khoa hoc chinh toi thirc hien Moi so lieu, tir lieu, cac van de trinh bay va ket qua nghien ciJu neu luan an la trung thuc va chua duac cong bo bat cu cong trinh nao truoc Ha Noi, 26 thang 12 nam 2004 Tac gia luan an NGUYEN HUY KY GHI ON TRANG Tdc gid luan an xin bay to long biet an sdu sac den cck' GS, TS va cdc tlidy CO gido khoa Ngon ngit hoc, tritcyng DHKHXH & NV, DHQGHN vi nhitng sit gilip dd nhiet tinh, chdn thanh, hieu qua sitot qua trinh tdc gid liidn an theo hoc chitcrng trinh NCS vd Idm luan dn tcii ddy Dqc biet, tdc gid luan an trdn cam an sit Intang dan khoa Iwc ddy hieu qua, trdch nhiem cao ciia GS - TS Dodn Thien Thudt vd TS Hodng Cao Citcmg Trong snot qiid trinh hoc tap, nghien citit vd viei luan dn, toi dd nhcin ditac rat nhieii sit dong vien, giiip dd ve moi mat ciia cdc cap Idnh dqo trit(yng CDSP Ha Ngi, ciia cdc dong nghiep ted khoa Ngocii ngil - nai toi dang trite tiep gidng day tieng Anh - ciia cdc SV chuyen vd khong chiiyen Anh triti/ng CDSP Hd Noi Nhdn ddy, cho phep toi chtgc cam an tat cd Tdc gid luan dn chdn tlidnh cam an cdc TLV, TNV a vd ngodi Hd Ngi dd ddnh thai gian vd tarn hityet giitp tdc gid liodn thdnh cong viec khdo sdt sit pham vd dieu tra dien dd Xin cam an cdc GV, SV dd trite tiep giitp tdc gid phdn thu bang tieng, ghi dm, thitc hien cong viec thong ke kit qua khdo sin vd Iwdn thien viec ddnh mdy luan dn Ciidi Cling, toi khong the khong nhcic tdi sit d()ng vien, chdm lo, chia se ciia gia dinh toi Mot Ian nita, cho phep tdc gid ditgc noi Idi cdm an tat cd bdi neu khong cd nhitng sit giitp da tan tdm ay, hum dn kho c6 the hodn thdnh Hd Ngi, ngdy 26 thdng 12 nam 2004 Tdc gid luan dn NGUYfiN HUY KY 11 MTJC LUC M6DAU Transa Lf ebon de tai Muc tieu nghien cuu Doi tuong va khach the nghien cuu Pham vi nghien ciru Phuong phap nghien cuu Y nghia ciia luan an Mot so dong gop ciia luan an ^ Bo cue ciia luan an CHUONG : CO SO LI LUAN 1.1 D§n nhap 1.2 Ngu dieu va nhirng khai niem c6 lien quan 1.2.1 Noi dung thuat ngu ngu dieu 1.2.2 Ngu dieu tieng Anh 1.2.3 Dae trung dieu tinh ciia ngiJ dieu tieng Anh 1.2.4 Mot so khai niem c6 lien quan den ngu dieu tieng Anh - Chuyen dich cao - Trong am tii - Don vi ngu dieu - Nhip dieu - Ch6 ngung nghi - Toe 1.3 Cac each mieu ta ngiJ dieu khac 24 1.3.1 Mieu ta theo ducmg net 24 1.3.2 Mieu ta theo cao 25 L3.3 Mieu ta theo ducmg net va cao 25 in 1.4 Mot so chiic nang ca ban ciia ngu dieu 25 1.4.1 Chiic nang ngQ phap 26 1.4.2 Chiic nang bieu thai 28 1.4.3 Chiic nang nhan am 29 1.4.4 Chiic nang diln ngon 30 1.4.5 Chiic nang khu biet 30 1.4.6 Chiic nang dung hoc 31 1.5 NgiJ dieu va dieu 31 1.6 Tieu ket 33 CHUONG : NGLT DIEU TIENG ANH 2.1 DSn nhap 34 2.2 Cac quan niem khac ve ngiJ dieu tieng Anh 34 2.2.1 Quan niem ciia Halliday 36 2.2.2 Quan niem ciia O'Connor 40 2.2.3 Quan niem ciia Cruttenden 44 2.2.4 Mot so tieu chi chinh dijng de lua ebon cac MHND tieng 46 Anh ca ban 2.2.5 Cac MHND ca ban tieng Anh 47 - MHND cao - xuong thap - MHND thap viia-xuong thap - MHND thap / TB - len cao - MHND thap - len cao TB - MHNDTB-ngang - MHND len - xuong - MHND xuong - len 2.3 Quan he giua ngiJ dieu va cac phuong tien khac 69 2.3.1 Quan he giua ngu dieu va nhip dieu tieng Anh 69 - Moi quan he ve hinh thiic - Moi quan he ve noi dung IV 2.3.2 Quan he giQa ngu dieu va phep cham cau 72 2.3.3 Quan he giiia ngQ dieu va dieu bo 75 2.4 Tieu ket 76 CHUONG : N G I T D I E U TIENG ANH NG\S6l VIET 3.1 DSn nhap 77 3.2 Nhutig khao sat ve su the hien ngiJ dieu tieng Anh ciia nguai 77 Viet 3.2.1 Phuong huong chi dao ^77 3.2.2.T6 chiic khao sat 77 3.2.3 Ket qua khao sat ve sir the hien ngu dieu tieng Anh ciia ngudi 79 Viet 3.3 Khao sat su cam nhan ngu dieu tieng Anh ciia ngudi Viet 96 3.3.1 Doi tuong khao sat 96 3.3.2 Cach tien hanh 96 3.3.3 Ket qua khao sat ve su cam nhan 97 3.4 Cac MHND tieng Anh d nguoi Viet 98 3.4.1 MHND xuong 99 3.4.2 MHND len 104 3.4.3 MHND TB - ngang 108 3.4.4 MHND len - xuong 110 3.4.5 MHND xuong - len 112 3.5 So sanh cac MHND Anh chuan v6i cac MHND Anh o nguoi 117 Viet 3.5.1 Nbiing net tuong dong 117 - Ve dang thiic - Ve chiic nang 3.5.2 Nhung di6u di biet - Ve dang thiic - Ve chiic nang 118 3.5.3 Nhan xet 118 3.5.4 Ket qua cam nhan va the hien ngtr dieu tieng Anh a nguoi 119 Viet 3.6 Mot so kho khan va nguyen nhan gay l6i ngu dieu 125 3.6.1 Mot so kho kban 125 - Kho khan ve chii quan - Kho khan ve khach quan 3.6.2 Nguyen nhan gay l6i ngu dieu 129 - Xet ve loai hinh hoc - Xet theo am - Xet theo ngiJ dieu + Van de ngu dieu tieng Viet + Ngu dieu tieng Anh 3.7 Mot so bien phap khdc phuc cac kho khan va l6i ngu dieu 139 3.7.1 Bien phap khdc phuc nbiing kho khan ve chii quan 139 3.7.2 Bien phap kh^c phuc nbiing kho khan ve khach quan 151 3.7.3 Mot so bien phap kbilc phuc I6i ngO dieu 158 - Bien phap kh^c phuc l6i the hien cao va duong net ngu dieu - Bien phap kh^c phuc l6i the hien am - Bien phap kh^c phuc l6i the hien ngung nghi 3.8 Danh gia ket qua thii nghiem cac bien phap kh^c phuc nbiing 162 kho khan va l6i ve ngu dieu tieng Anh nguoi Viet 3.8.1 Cac bien phap khdc phuc nhCmg kho khan 162 - Ve chii quan - Ve khach quan 3.8.2 Cac bien phap kh^c phuc l6i ngu dieu tieng Anh 163 3.8.3 Ket qua thii nghiem cac bien phap tren 164 VI - Miic cam nhan - Miic the hien - Nhan xet 3.9 Tieu ket 166 KET LUAN 167 CAC CONG TRINH NGHIEN CUU CUA TAC GIA DA CONG ^^^ BO LIEN QUAN DEN LUAN AN 170 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PHU LUC I Danh sach cac tu lieu vien 181 II Cac ngon ban duoc su dung de khao sat 183 III Phieu khao sat miic cam nhan y nghIa cac MHND 186 tieng Anh ngu6i Viet IV Phieu khao sat miic the hien ngii dieu tieng Anh 187 V Phieu khao sat tinh hinh day va hoc tieng Anh (lien 189 quan den ngu dieu) VI Mot so each luyen ngu dieu tieng Anh cho ngu6i Viet 191 VII Mot so dang bai tap co ban vi ngu dieu tieng Anh 192 VIII Ket qua nghien ciiu thuc nghiem b^ng may tinh 194 IX Truy cap ttr Internet 198 X Cac MHND tieng Anh 199 Vll BANG VIET TAT A.T : Am tiet CSVC : Ca so vat chat C.U.P : Cambridge University Press DVND : Don vi ngO dieu DVNhD : D(?n vi nhip dieu •G :Gi6i GV : Giao vien K :Kha KH : Khoa hoc KT : Ki thuat KTDG : Kiem tra danh gia LDT : Loai doi tuong MHND : Mau hinh ngu dieu NBHT : Ngon ban hoi thoai NBT : Ngon ban tin O.U.P : Oxford University Press PC : Phi chuan PN : Phat ngon SV : Sinh vien TB : Trung binh TLV : Tu lieu vien INV : Thir nghiem vien VB : Van ban XL : Xep loai Y : Yeu Vlll don vi de thao luan ngu dieu nhung lai khdng xac dinh rd net nghia tdng dd khai niem dugc sir dung Dilu lam cho ngudi dgc dl nham tudng rang phat ngdn la mot dan vi ngii phap cd dai bang mot dan vi ngO* dieu Tuang tu, nghien ciiu ngir dieu tieng Anh hien dang td tai cac khai niem nhu tune, tone, intonation Mdi khai niem cd nhirng net nghia khac Luan an se cd gia tri tham khao cao neu cac khai niem dugc kiem tra lai mot each kl ludng (ii) Trong giang day ngoai ngir, dac biet la giang day tieng Anh nhu la mot ngoai ngir da cd nhilu sach hay tai lieu viet ve day ngir am va am vi hgc dd co day ngif dieu Nhirng ggi y vl giang day ngif dieu tieng Anh ciia nghien ciiu sinh se cd siic thuyet phuc han neu quan diem va tu tudng ciia cac nha giao hgc phap vl day ngif dieu tieng Anh dugc xem xet (iii) Phan ket luan cua luan an cdn hai sa sai (khoang mot trang rudi) Mot \'ai ket luan hay nhan xet hinh nhu chua du ca sd khoa hgc Vf du, nhan dinh vl each mo ta vl ngir dieu tieng Anh ciia Halliday (1970) tac gia cho rang each md ta cua ong chi cd tac dung cho nghien ciiu Day la mot nhan dinh khdng phu hgp bdi vi sach ma Halliday viet la de thuc hanh ngir dieu Muc dfch ciia Tai lieu dugc the hien d nhan dl la A Course in Spoken English (Tai lieu day tieng Anh khau ngif); (ngoai cd the xem nhifng nhan xet d cac trang 116, 150) (iv) Mot sd tai lieu tham khao xuat hien danh muc Tai lieu tham khao nhung khdng thay xuat hien chfnh van Danh gia chung Luan an the hien su co gang Idn cua nghien ciiu sinh Nhirng ton tai chi d tren khdng anh hudng nhilu den chat lugng ciia luan an Day la mot cong trinh khoa hgc nghiem tiic, dat dugc tat ca cac tieu chf cua mot luan an tie'n si Nhung ngi dung ma luan an nghien ciiu chac chan giiip fch nhilu khdng nhifng cho nghien ciiu sinh ma cdn cho ca cac nha nghien ciiu, giao vien va sinh vien tieng ^ h d cac trudng cd khoa tieng Anh Vdi viec hoan luan an, nghien ciiu sinh Nguyln Huy Ky hoan toan xiing dang dugc nhan hgc vi tien sT ngdn ngif hgc Ha Noi 28 thang nam 2005 Nguoi nhan xet KHOA SALfOfi HOC,€)H0G.H\' -^^^^:,'^ob^.^tn6nc_i_.nz:rn.Jm^ ^UHrilEl^K Ski! f / I PGS TS Hoans Van Van BAN NHAN XET LUAN AN TIEN SY NGtT VAN "NGlT DIEU TIENG ANH DOI V l NGU^Cfl VIET NOI TIENG ANH" cua NCS NGUYfiN HUY KY, Dai hoc KHXH va NV Ha Noi (2005) Phdn Men 3: GS.TS PHAM DlTC DUONG, Vien nghien cixu Van hoa Phuang Dong, Thuoc Hoi Khoa hoc Dong Nam A- Viet Nam Cach day gdn 40 nam, nghien ciiu he thdng dieu tieng Lao bang phuang phap thuc nghiem (d cac phdng nghien ciiu ngir am tai Lien X6 cii), toi hieu dugc rang he thdng dieu la am co ban (Formant Zero Fo khu biet vdi cac am boi) theo cao (am vuc) va su bien dieu (tuyen dieu) de tao nen nhirng vi khu biet nghia m6i am tiet Trong do, tieng Nga lai sir dung Fo de bieu thi am tir va ngir dieu Nhu vay, xet vl mat ngii* am, ciing mot phuang dien Fo, nhung m6i ngon ngir sir dung vao nhung muc dfch khac vdi nhirng each cam thu va bieu hien khac Dd la net khu biet ca ban ve ngu am hgc giiia cac ngon ngir An- Au va tieng Viet ma ba't cii dilu kien song ngii ciing phai xir ly giao thoa ngir am De xac lap ngir dieu tieng Nga, toi da phai pha vd cau triic ngir am tieng me de de phat am tieng Nga bang each dgc liln cac am tiet khong phan biet cao roi mdi hgc ndi tieng Nga theo ngir dieu ciia ngudi Nga Viec giao thoa giira tie'ng Viet vdi tie'ng Anh ve mat ngii am cung diln tren binh dien ngir dieu Dilu qua rat khd khan ddi vdi ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh Tac gia luan an tien sy ngir van ''Ngit dieu tieng Anh doi vdi ngudi Viet noi tieng Anh"- NCS Nguyen Huy Ky la mot giao vien tieng Anh diing 1/4 the ky, da tran trd vdi van dl tirng gid giang, timg gid luyen tieng Anh cho sinh vien Nhu la mot cai nghiep cua ddi minh, anh dam me, hiing khdi, dan vat: lam the nao de ngudi Viet ndi tie'ng Anh diing ngir dieu? Con dudng anh chon dugc xem nhu mot gia thiet: cd the coi ngir dieu tieng Anh cua ngudi Viet nhu la mot bien the cua ngir dieu tieng Anh chuan va can nghien ciiu de xac dinh ngii dieu chuan ciia bien the dd- cd nghia la mot dang tieng Anh ma ngudi Anh cd the hieu va chap nhan dugc va ngudi Viet thuc hien troi chay viec the hien va cam nhan ngii dieu tieng Anh giao tie'p Y tudng di tim mot he thdng ngir dieu tie'ng Anh d ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh la mot y tudng rat hay, chua lam d Viet Nam va cung rat phan khdi bdi le: Trong tinh trang song ngii, su giao thoa ta't yeu se xay tren mgi binh dien ngir am, tir vung, ngir phap Su di chech ngdn ngir chuan ggi la giao thoa (interference), nhung di chech den miic cho phep viec giao tiep song ngir vSn dugc tien hanh troi chay; tieng Anh la mot ngdn ngir qudc te dugc rat nhilu dan toe khac sir dung cho nen ngudi Anh (cd le thuc dung han ngudi Phap) da khong yeu cau ngudi nude ngoai phai noi tieng Anh chuan nhu ngudi Anh Do CO rat nhieu bien the; Anh- An Do, Anh-Trung Qudc, Anh- Ma Lai, AnhPhilippines cd Anh Viet cd mot y nghia het siic quan trgng, gop phan CO hieu qua vao viec day va hoc tieng Anh cua ngudi Viet (hien dang dugc khuyen khfch han bao gid het) nham giai quyet mot van dl rat khd Vi vay dl tai luan an vira cd tfnh ly thuyet vira cd tfnh thuc tiln va ddi hoi NCS phai lam viec het minh Tac gia luan an da the hien tinh than va phuang phap lam viec qua viec trinh bay 10 bang phu luc (danh sach TLV, cac ngon ban, phieu khao sat, each luyen ngir dieu, cac bai tap, ket qua nghien ciiu thuc nghiem bang may tinh, truy cap Internet, cac MHND tieng Anh), mot danh muc sach tham khao gom 60 tai lieu tieng Viet, 87 tai lieu tieng Anh (ft cd NCS nao dgc tai lieu nude ngoai nhilu nhu vay), 14 tir dien, mot danh muc tai lieu lien quan den luan an da dugc cong bd, dang luu y nha't la chuang trinh tai lieu giang day phan mon English Phonetics and Phonology De trien khai dl tai, NCS phai giai quyet theo trinh tu logic van dl Idn: va'n dl ly thuyet va nhirng thao tac phan xua't he thdng ngir dieu (chuang 1); phuang phap nhan dien ngir dieu tie'ng Anh chuan: Anh Anh (chuang 2); mieu ta va thiet che hoa ngir dieu tieng Anh cua ngudi Viet: Anh Viet va phuang phap chira l6i ngii dieu (chuang 3), van dl thii la tam Sau day la nhung phan tich va nhan xet cua toi: 1) Tac gia da nam virng nhiing van dl ly luan ca ban vl ngir dieu va xac dinh nhirng khai niem nhu la nhirng cdng cu thao tac de phan xuat ngii dieu cac ngon ngii theo trinh tu phan bd: dieu d bac am tiet, trgng am d tir va ngir dieu d phat ngon Ca ba dIu sir dung ca ban (Fo) nhung vdi muc dfch va each the hien khac va cd lien quan mat thiet vdi Tac gia luan an da lam noi ro hai va'n de ca ban : su the hien ngir dieu phat ngdn va chiic nang ca ban ngtr phap ngir nghia cia ngtr dieu Su the hien ngu dieu bang each coi trgng am tir la xua't phat diem ma trgng am tir lai cd trgng am luc, am lugng, trgng am nhac tinh dugc ndi cao vdi cho t a dudng net ciia ngir dieu va dugc phan xua't DVND bao gid cung cd ngu dieu hat nhan; dong thdi NCS cung ngat ngir dieu nhung DVNhD nhu ta ngat nhip mdi quan he vdi DVND Ngu dieu dugc mieu ta theo dudng net (dan, phiic) va theo cao the tinh Hai chiic nang ca ban ciia ngu dieu la chiic nang ngir phap (vdi cac loai cau tran thuat, nghi van ) va chiic nang bieu thai (that la bieu cam) ciing vdi cac chiic nang khac nhu nhan am, diln ngon, khu biet, dung hgc Dieu ly thii la tac gia luan an da phan ngir dieu theo hai dac tinh khai quat: len- xudng va su ket hgp giira chiing Tac gia da xac dinh mdi quan he giira ngir dieu va dieu va coi dd la mot van de day thach thiic Theo su phan tfch cua NCS thi ngir dieu va dieu cd nhirng net tuang ddng nhu ngir dieu la dudng net va cao, dieu cd tuyen dieu va am vuc, ngif dieu ganh nang ngir phap rai vao phan ket thiic va dieu cung vay (theo ket qua nghien ciiu vl dieu cua GS.TS Pham Diic Ducmg) Cai khac ca ban la ngif dieu dugc phan bd tren dan vi phat ngon the hien y nghia ngif phap dieu tren dan vi am tie't cd gia iri khu biet nghia nhu la mot am vi Theo NCS: cd le ngif dieu la su hoa ket ciia cao do; trudng do, cudng dp, tdc va sir ngung nghi tao nen su khu biet vdi dieu la cao Trong phan nhifng va'n dl ly thuyet va phuang phap tie'p can dac biet la sir cam thu ngir dieu dugc phan tfch rat ky luong va tinh te Tuy nhien, theo toi, neu tac gia nhan thiic ro han phuang tien Fo la chung cho ca dieu, am, ngif dieu thi se thay su tuang dong va net khu biet giifa chiing Vi vay, tac gia cho rang ngif dieu dugc nhan dien bdi dudng net va cao cdn dieu - cao la chua chfnh xac Ca hai dIu coi dudng net la tieu chf ca ban nen ngudi ta mdi dat ten cho chiing la MHND len-xudng va dieu la bang-trac Tac gia cd phan biet loai dan vi: DVND va DVNhD nhung chua lam ro mdi quan he va su khu biet vl mat chiic nang ciia chung Cd phai ca dIu cd nghia nhu tac gia da phan tfch? Phai chang, ne'u nhu ngif dieu vira la ngon ngif viia la ldi ndi, thi DVNhD la thuge vl ldi noi va DVND thuge vl ngon ngif? Van dl rat ly thii vi chiing cho ta mot cii lieu vl mdi quan he giifa ngon ngif va ldi ndi 2) Phuang phap nhan dien ngOr dieu tieng Anh chuan Phfin rat quan trgng vi nd giiip chiing ta ndm virng ban cha't, each cam nhan va bieu thi ngif dieu tieng Anh chuan de hoc va ndi tie'ng Anh tdt han, mat khac so sanh vdi ngif dieu tie'ng Anh cua ngudi Viet se thay lech chuan va miic cd the cha'p nhan dugc, ciing qua sir lech chuan dd ma ngudi ta hieu sau han nhifng net cin yeu ngif dieu ti6'ng Anh chuan De mieu ta va phan xuat ngir dieu tieng Anh chuan, sau gidi thieu cac quan niem khac nhau, cac trudng phai Anh ngif vl ngif dieu, NCS da dua vao tac gia ngudi Anh la Halliday, O'Connor va Cruttenden vdi diem chung noi troi cua hg la dIu xuat phat tir trgng tam tir va DVND Tac gia luan van da cd mot kha nang bao quat tu lieu, phan tfch va tdng hgp de lam ca sd nghien ciiu ciia luan an dua theo su cam nhan va thiic nhan ciia minh da dugc ren luyen rat nhieu nam hgc va day tie'ng Anh Halliday dua MHND dan va MNHD ket hgp ciing vdi bien the; O'Connor MHND va 24 each diing; Cruttenden MHND ca ban NCS da bd sung dugc 10 each sir dung 34 each vdi MHND Anh Anh Vl ca ban NCS di theo hudng dan ciia Cruttenden va mieu ta ra't chfnh xac MHND vdi 34 each dimg bang cac bieu do, phan tfch chiic nang cua tirng MHND va xep loai theo hudng di d cudi cua ngif dieu cac cau co y nghia ngif phap khac nhau, chttcanh khac va di tdi mot ket luan rat khai quat va ly thii: Thudng la dong (closed) de chi su hoan thanh, xac dinh, ket thiic; thudng la md (open) de chi su chua hoan thanh, chua xac dinh, chua ket thiic Toi danh gia cao phan mieu ta cac tieu chf nay, nhat la bang phan tfch MHND vdi loai ddng, md (tr 69) bdi vi tac gia da cd mot trinh lie'ng Anh thao, cd mot phuang phap phan tfch ngif am hgc, dac biet la cd mot kha nang cam thu am den miic tinh tlS^cd the chia se vdi sir cam thu d cac tac gia ngudi Anh- mot chuyen gia vl Anh ngii Han the nifa NCS cdn bd sung them 10 each sir dung ngif dieu; dd la nhifng ngif lieu ma anh da phat hien ddi thoai vdi ngudi Anh hoac nhiing ngdn ban Dilu dd giiip cho NCS phan tfch mot each hiln ngdn de ngudi doc nhan dien dugc cac MHND tie'ng Anh chuan De nhan dien ngir dieu tieng Anh chuan, NCS xet mdi quan he giiia ngif dieu va cac phuang tien khac nhu - Ngif dieu va nhip dieu: ca hai dIu bat dau tir trgng am tir nhung cd bao nhieu trgng am tir la cd bay nhieu DVNhD, cdn DVND cd the > mot DVNhD va ,ti 16 thuan vdi tdc dan Idn cac hien tugng ndi am, nudt am, dong hoa, manh, ye'u cho ta cac y nghia bieu cam: cang ft DVNhD mdi DVND (cham) boc 16 tfnh trinh trgng hoac la van ndi, ngugc lai thi cd tfnh than mat - Ngif dieu va phuang phap cham cau: cd mdi quan he tuang ling chat che vdi ranh gidi DVND, kieu cau (nghi van, cam than ) va phep cham cau - Ngir dieu va dieu bg (gan vdi tfnh ca sd) thuoc ldi ndi nhu gat dau va mot sd cir chi khac la xudng- ddng, hat dau- len md Vi, tac gia di de'n ket luan: ngu dieu thuoc ngon ngif va ldi ndi khong tach rdi khoi tinh hudng va chu canh Phan kha cong Lan dau tien co mot sir gidi thieu, mieu ta giiip cho ngudi Viet nhan dien dugc ngif dieu tie'ng Anh chuan Dilu ma toi luu y NCS la su phan chia DVNhD ngif dieu co tac dung den dau va lam tranh dugc su triing lap gidi thieu MHND cua Cruttenden va each mieu ta each mieu ta ciia NCS 3) Ngu dieu tieng Anh d ngudi Viet Day la phan quan nhat ciia luan an trudc het d sd lugng trang (90/168 trang) vdi muc Idn in rat nhilu muc nhd (sd lugng van dl dugc dl cap) Tac gia da trinh bay ti mi, ro rang phuang phap khao sat cua minh nham xac dinh cac MHND ciia ngudi Viet ndi tie'ng Anh, tren ca sd lay DVND tap trung quan sat dudng net ngif dieu Day la mot each khao sat ky cong the hien phong each in thao tac khoa hgc fat dang kfnh phuc va tin cay: cac TLV dgc the hien ngif dieu cac ngon ban tin, hoi thoai, phat ngon; cac TLV (610) tra ldi bang phieu dilu tra cam nhan ciia minh nghe ngif dieu tieng Anh Tac gia luan an la ngudi ghi dudng net ngii dieu; mdt chuyen gia Vuang Qudc Anh cd gigng chuan kilm tra, ddi chieu Dac biet each ghi ngif dieu cua NCS coi MHND rat hay va rd rang tir trgng am de'n DVND va DVNhD Tat ca deu dugc lugng hoa bang rat nhilu bieu bang cac thf nghiem vl ngii dieu Ket qua cho tha'y su cam nhan va the hien ngif dieu tieng Anh cua ngudi Viet ndi tie'ng Anh co ti le nhu sau: Diing 9- 15%, cd the cha'p nhan dugc 5872% va Rhi chuan 14- 27,5% dat miic trung binh la 80% cd the chap nhan, 20% phi chuan So vdi tieng Anh chuan, ngif dieu tie'ng Anh Viet chi cd DVND: dd la: cao- xudng thap, thap- len cao, TB- ngang, len- xudng va xudng- len Cdn MHND md dau tir tha'p trung binh (len cao) hoac trung binh (xudng thap) dIu nhap vao MHND: tha'p - len cao va cao- xudng thap Tac gia da mieu ta 5 MHND cua ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh 25 each dung (chii khong phai 34 each cua ngudi Anh)- Dd la hien tugng bao mdn ngif dieu tieng Anh chuan Theo toi, sd dl MHND tieng Anh d ngudi Viet md dau bang cao trung binh tie'ng Viet vi dieu tieng Viet chi md dau bang am vuc cao- thap khong cd am vuc trung binh So sanh vdi he thdng ngif dieu Anh Anh va Anh Viet tac gia riit nhifng net tuang dong va di biet va chi miic: Anh Anh 10%, Anh Viet 70%, phi chuan 20% (l6i) va Anh Viet chfnh la mot thii chuan cua bien the ngii dieu tie'ng Anh chuan ciia ngudi Viet Phan nghien ciiu vl l6i ngif dieu ciia Anh Viet cung ra't cong phu, bd fch Tac gia luan an, bang ke't qua khao sat da chi l6i phd bien la su the hien sai dudng net cua ngif dieu va sai trgng am (2 thu* xa la vdi ngudi Viet) va keo theo nhifng he qua tieu cue Theo tac gia co nguyen nhan su khac biet vl loai hinh tieng Anh (so vdi tie'ng Viet) co trgng am tir va ngif dieu; ban than ngii dieu tie'ng Anh da khd lai cang kho han vdi ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh Tac gia da dl xuat mot sd bien phap khac phuc I6i ngir dieu va chfnh tac gia da trac nghiem cac bien phap qua 80 TNV va riit nhiing nhan xet rat ly thii, ra't bd fch cho ngudi Viet hgc tie'ng Anh Tac gia di den khang dinh: MHND Anh Viet vdi 25 each sir dung la co kha nang hanh chiic cong ddng ngudi Viet noi tieng Anh va xem dd la mot bien the ngii dieu tieng Anh Anh, binh thudng nhu cac bien the khac cac cong ddng noi tieng Anh tren the gidi Toi danh gia rat cao nhifng phat hien mdi va tac dung tfch cue cua chiing ddi vdi tieng Anh Viet Tom lai: Toi danh gia day la mot luan an tien si ngif van co nhilu phat hien mdi cd gia tri ca vl ly thuyet iSn thuc hanh NCS td thao vl tieng Anh, cd mot kha nang thu cam am Ihanh^nhat la tfnh nhac ciia ngon ngir, dugc trang bi mot trinh ly luan vl ngdn dieu rat vifng vang, cd mot nilm dam me nghien cihi tim tdi va sii dung mot phuang phap tiep can nhat la phuang phap khao sat, trdc nghiem rat ky cong, ti mi, bin bi lau dai nen dacd nhifng ddng gop mdi vao viec nhan thiic ly luan vl ngon dieu ndi chung, ngif dieu ndi rieng, phat hien va nhan dang ro rang he thdng MHND vdi 25 each sir dung cua tie'ng Anh Viet, xay dung dugc chuan ngif dieu Anh Viet va coi dd la mot bien the kha dung ciia tie'ng Anh chuan Nhd so sanh vdi ngii dieu tieng Anh chuan ma tac gia phat hien nhifng I6i ngif dieu tieng Anh Viet, de cac giai phap khac phuc va tu minh trien khai trac nghiem cac giai phap de riit nhifng nhan xet xac ddng^ giiip cho ngudi Viet day va hgc tieng Anh Gia nhu tac gia cd y thiic han dat van dl bdi canh song ngif Anh Viet va nhifng giao thoa ngif am va ngir dieu giifa tieng Viet va tie'ng Anh thi tac gia se giai thfch day du han sir di lech chuan va phuang phap chuyen ngif tir dieu tieng Viet sang ngu dieu tie'ng Anh bat dau tir trgng am tir thi tfnh khoa hgc va tfnh thuyet phuc se cao han Luan an ''Ngu dieu tieng Anh doi vdi ngudi Viet noi tieng Anh" ciia NCS Nguyln Huy Ky hoan loan dap ling mot each xua't sac nhifng yeu cau ciia Luan an tie'n sy ngif van, diing ma sd chuyen nganh, khong triing lap vdi ba't cif luan an nao trudc dd d Viet Nam va the gidi, cd nhilu phan bien khoa hoc mdi cd gia tri ly luan vdi thuc tiln cao, tdm tat luan an khong nhifng trung thuc vdi chfnh van ma ra't rd rang, ra't logfc Day la mot trudng hgp ra't hiem nganh ngii am ciia nude ta Luan van cd the dugc in sach de phd bien rgng rai nude Tac gia ciia no rat xiing dang nhan hoc vi Tien si ngii van Chirng nhan chuf ky cua GS.TS Pham Diic Duong, Vien nghien cufu van hoa phuang dong la diing Vien trudng Hd Ngi, ngdy 26 thdng ndm 2005 Ngudi phan bien ba S Pham Diic Duang ThS Pham Thanh Tinh OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI Hoi dong cap nha ni/dc cham luan an tie'n s\ CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Dgc lap - Tu - Hanh phiic QUYET NGHI CUA HOI DONG CAP NHA NUCJC CHAM LUAN AN TIEN SL " Ngu dieu tieng Anh ddi vdi ngudi Vict ndi tieng Anh" Ve de tai : Chuyen nganh : Ly luan ngdn ngu Ma sd : 5.04.08 Cua Nghien ciiu sinh : Nguyln Huy Ky, Co sd dao tao : Trudiig Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hoi va Nhan van Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi Hoi.ddng cap nha nude cham luan an lien si cho nghien cuu sinh Nguyln Huy Ky dugc lap theo quyet dinh sd 154/SDH 07 thang 07 nam 2005 cua Giam ddc Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi da hgp 20 ihang 08 nam 2005 tai Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi vdi su cd mat cua 06 (sau) vien Mgi (01) vien vfmg mat cd ly Sau nghe NCS Nguyln Huy Ky Irinh bay luan an, nghe nhan xet, danh gia ciia cac phan bien, nghe thu ky Hoi ddng dgc ban tdng hgp cac nhan xet khac nghe NCS tra ldi cac cau hdi dat Hoi ddng da thao luan va thong qua quyet nghi nhu sau: Dl tai luan an cd y nghia khoa hgc va gia tri thuc tiln cao Day h^ cong trinh dfiu tien nghien ciiu mot each toan dien va he thdng vl ngfr dieu licng Anh ddi vdi ngudi Viet ndi lie'ng Anh d nude la Luan an phu hgp vdi chuyen nganh dao lao, ma sd 50408 Ngi dung luan an khong Irung hip vdi mot cong Irinh nao khac da cdng bd Tac gia luan an da luon chii dong viec xac dinh ddi lugng, pliam ngi dung va phuang phap nghien ciiu Cd the khdng dinh, nhung ngi dung j^-d phuang phcip ma tac gia sir dung la hoan toan phu hgp vdi ddi tugng, vi^ra khoa hoc, hien dai vira dam bao tin cay cao Luan an cd nhilu ddng gdp mdi dang ghi nhan Dd la : a Luan an da xac lap dugc each hieu thda dang vl ngu dieu tieng Anh Cac md hinh ngu dieu tieng Anh dugc mieu ta, giai quyet tuang ddi ro rang, dugc phan tich luan giai klia day dii va cap nhat b Luan an da dua dugc md hhih ngii dieu (MHND) va 25 chiic nang ca cau song ngu Anh Viet So vdi MHND va 34 each dimg he thdng ngu dieu Anh -Anh, rd rang ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh da gap mot sd khd khan nhat dinh (hoac khdng the hien dugc) viec cam nhan ngu' dieu tieng Anh Luan an cung dl xuat vl sir tdn tai ciia mot loai ngir dieu, cd ten ggi: ngir dieu Anh-Viet (diing cong ddng ngudi Viet ndi tieng Anh) c Luan an cung da tap trung di sau vao tim hieu nguyen nhan gay loi ngiJ dieu Anh-Anh qua trinh hinh ca cau song ngil" Anh-Viet, ddng ihdi cung da ggi y mot sd giai phap khac phuc Luan an cd bd cue hgp ly, van phong chinh xac, khoa hgc Ban torn lat luan an phan anh day dii va trung thuc ngi dung chfnh van luan an Ket luan: Day la mot luan an dap u'ng day dii nhung yeu cau ciia luan an tien si chuyen nganh ly luan ngon ngir Tac gia ciia luan an xung dang nhan hgc vi Tien si Ngir van Kinh dl nghi Giam ddc Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi cap bang Tien si cho NCS Luan an dat kei qua xuat sac (6/6) Ha N g i , 20 thang 08 nam 2005 THU KY HOI DONG T/M HOI DONG CHAM LUAN AN Chil tich GS.TS Le Quang Tliicm TS Nguyln Van Phiic Xac nhan ciia Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hdi va Nhan van Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi fRUONGfJAI !inC KHOA HOC U \[\)\ VANH^.N V/i'! XAC CHAhCHl?!'/CLAii^.TJ IS^QMO^ HG noi, M;p.; Jatbcncj J L nam 200SL i L h l E U rRLrC'NG T^L, ixviv^rfYEULUANAN Nghien ciru sinh : NGUYEN HUY KY Ten ludn dn Chuyen nganh Mdso Casaddo tao : N G C D I E U TIENG ANH DOI VOl NGUOI MET NOI TIENG ANH : Li luan ngon iigu : 5.04.08 : Truong Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi N O I DUNG CHINH YEU Doi tugng va muc tieu nghien cuu : LI Doi tuang: Ngudieu tieng Anh (NDTA) doi vai nguai Viet noi tieng Anh \a nhung \'an de ca ban co lien quan 1.2 Muc tieu : - Nghien cuu nhung noi dung co ban co tinh h' luan hen quan den ngu dieu va NDTA - Tim mot so mlu hinh ngu dieu (MHND) tie'ng Anh chfnh >eu va cac chuc nang cua chung thong qua cac each diJng cac tinh huong cu thl ma nguai Viet hay sii dung - Nghien cuu mot so I6i \'l ngu dieu cua nguai Viet noi tieng Anh yk cac bien phap khac phuc tich CLTc nhim giup cho viec day- hoc tieng Anh, cu thl la ngu dieu cua ngon ngu cang tot hand Viet Nam PhuoTig phap nghien cuu : Trong qua trinh nghien cixu, tac gia luan an da sir dung mot so phuang phap nghien cuu chinh sau; - Phuang phap mieu ta, phan tfch, t6ng hop • - Phuang phap dilu tra dien da va khao sat su pham - Nghien cuu thuc nghiem vai tu each la phuang tien phu tra Y nghia cua Luan an : 3.1 Y nghia li ludn : - Kiem tra va khing dinh mot so tuu ve ngiJ dieu truac day da duac cong bo / - Co each nhln phij hgp han vl NDTA a nguai Viet, goi t4t la ngu dieu Anh - Viet, coi day nhu la mot bien thl cua NDTA a nguai Anh, goi t^t la ngu dieu Anh - Anh jl-^i 3,2 Y nghi thuc tien : - Giup ngucfi Viet hoc tieng Anh co y thuc han va hilu biet them vl hien tugng ngon dieu, dai biet la NDTA ' '^- Giup cho viec ren luyen NDTA a nguai Viet hieu qua han dl nghe - noi - doc tieng Anh ngav cang tot han Mot so dong gop cua luan an : - Luan an da giai thieu va tie'p can mot each co he thong nhung noi dung co tfnh chat If thuyet nh^m gop phan xay dung ca sa If thuyet cho \'iec nghien cuu NDTA doi \'ai nguai Viet noi tieng Anh - Qua nhirng nghien cuu ve If thuyet va thuc te su dung tieng Anh a Viet Nam, tac gia luan an da khing dinh xuat phat diem cua viec nghien cuu NDTA a nguai Viet la trgng dm tit \a dan vi ngudieu (DVND), co MHND - Lan dau lien, luan an de cap den bien the ngu dieu Anh a Viet Nam Do la ngil dieu Anh - Viet vai nhung MHND ciia no, \ara phii hgp vai thuc te Viet Nam, \ira dam bao giao tiep cong dong nguai Viet noi tieng Anh va han the nua, khong lam anh huong den he thong NDTA ma chung toi da trinh bay .,1 - l^\,mr ^im nre r>:ip a o i c^u^^r,: (;.wniM,-, ^;., ^._ £ hien NDTA a nguai Viet, nhung khong nhln nhan l6i theo hudng phe phan ma theo huang if luan ngon ngu va thirc te su dung ngon ngu Do tac gia luan an co quan niem rieng ciia mlnh ve loi noi chung va loi ngi? dieu noi rieng Tu luan an da giai thieu cac mu*c sau viec th^ hien NDTA cua nguai Viet: Chuan li tudng (ngu dieu Anh Anh) chuan thuc te{ngu dieu Anh - Viet) va phi chua)} (l6i) - Qua thuc te di^n da, kliao sat su pham va nghien cuu I6i ngu dieu theo quan niem cua mmh tac ^ gia luan an da dua mot so bien phdp kh^c phuc I6i nhim giup viec giang day NDTA cho nguai Viet dugc tot han Ket luan : - So vai 24 each dung ngu dieu ma O'Connor da trinh bay, theo chung toi co them 10 each sir dung NDTA qua cac tinh huong cu the da dugc thiet ke, cu the' co 34 each dung thong qua MHND tieng Anh chuan - Qua khao sat chiing toi thay nguai Viet kho cdm nhan, cung nhu khong the hien dugc su khac giija duang net ngij" dieu di len, hoac di xuong ma cao bat dau tu thap len trung blnli hoac tij" cao xuong trung blnh Duong net ngu dieu nguai Viet the hien hau nhu chi didn bien tu thap len cao hoac tu cao xuong thap - Ti^khao sat thuc te chiing toi thay neu nhu nguoi Anh noi tieng Anh chu^n co MHND \-6i 34 each dijng theo tiing tinh huong, thl nguoi Viet khong co kha nang the' hien va cam thu tinh te den nhu vay Nguoi Viet noi tieng Anh chi sir dung MHND de the' hien 25 each dung cac tinh , huong khac - Chiing toi de xuat miic: muc ngu dieu co the chap nhan dugc nguoi Viet noi tieng Anh xa coi nhu mot bien the ciia ngudieu Anh chuan va miic ngir dieu tieng Anh ciia nguai Anh - Theo do, llnh \arc ngu dieu, chiing toi quan niem muc chu^n sau: chuan li tuang (ngu dieu Anh - Anh), chuan thuc te (ngu dieu Anh - Viet) va phi chuan (I6i) - Can CO su dieu chinh phuang phap Day - Hoc - Kiem tra danh gia (KTDG) cho phii hgp hon giOa tl trgng kT nang ngon ngiJ va kien thuc ngon ngu Moi tac dong giua KTDG \'6i Day \'a Hoc CO thd duoc hinh duns irons so sau : Day Hoc Tac done Danh sia KTDG Ha Noi, 20 thang nam 2005 Thay mat tap the huong din khoa hgc Nshien cuu sinh fRtlONGSAI KOC KHOA HOC U HCI ''!•• !•;,':/„ GS TS DOAN THIEN THU^TfiHA-.: ^:?KYcr ^^^-bcZ^i^^WMP^ TRLTCrJG HUY KY DISSERTATION ABSTRACT PhD Candidate Title of the dissertation: Speciality Numerical code : NGUYEN HUY KY ENGUSH INTONATION FOR THE ENGLISH SPEAKING VIETNAMESE Language theory 04 08 ESSENTIAL CONTENTS The objects and objectives of research: 1.1 The objects: EngUsh intonation for the Enghsh speaking Vietnamese and some of the related basic issues 1.2 The objectives: Researching the basic contents theoretically related to intonation in general and Enghsh intonation (EI) in particular - Finding out some essential English intonation models and their functions when used in certain situations by the Vietnamese Researching some typical intonation errors made by the Vietnamese when they speak English and effective measures to overcome difficulties for the teaching - learning process of English, especially its intonation, to continually improve in Vietnam The methods of research: During my research, the author has used some of the major methods as follows: Descriptive, analytical, synthetic methods - Methods of public opinion investigation and pedagogical survey Using an experimental method as a supplementary means The significance of the dissertation: 3.1 The significance of theory Checking and affmning some achievements on intonation pre\'iously published Having a more suitable consideration on El by the Vietnamese, called English Vietnamese intonation for short, considering it as a variant of El by the English, called British English intonation for short 3.2 The significance of practice: To help the English learning Vietnamese to be more conscious and aware of the prosody, especially EI N^ - To help the training of EI by the Vietnamese to be more effective so that listening, speaking, reading English are continuing to improve / Some scientific contributions of the dissertation: The dissertation has presented and made a systematic approach to several theoretical contents in order to build up some theoretical bases for the research of the English speaking Vietnamese - Through the researches on theory and practice of English in Vietnam, the author has affirmed that the starting point of researching EI used by the Vietnamese is the word stress and intonation group, in which there is an intonation model (IM) - For the first time, the dissertation has dealt with the variant of EI in Vietnam That is English Vietnamese intonation with its intonation models (IMs) not only suitable to the Vietnamese but also to the communication within the English speaking Vietnamese community, and furthermore, it does not any harm to the system of the English intonation that we have already presented - The dissertation also deals with the evaluation of EI used by the Vietnamese, and it does not look into errors for criticism but for language theory and use Consequently, the author of the dissertation has his own concepts about errors in general and intonation errors in particular Therefore, the author has presented the following le\'els of EI performed by the Vietnamese; ideal standard (similar to the British English intonation used in Britain, particularly in London), practical standard (similar to the received/ acceptable English intonation used outside Britain, for instance, in Vietnam, but it's understandable That's why, we consider it as English - Vietnamese intonation), non-standard (namely error which breaks communication so that people cannot understand each other because they speak English with broken intonation) Through public opinion investigation, pedagogical surx'ey and researching intonation errors with our own scientific concepts, we have presented some effective measures to avoid such errors for the teaching - learning process of EI for the Vietnamese to improve Conclusion: In comparison with 24 uses of El presented by O'Connor, we had added 10 more through concrete situations that have been designed by us In total, there are 34 uses with the help of English intonation models Our scientific surveys have shown that the Vietnamese find it difficult lo properly perceive and reproduce or produce the differences between the two rising or falling intonation contours in which it starts from low to mid le\'el or from high to mid le\'el Intonation contours performed by the Vietnamese almost fluctuate from low to mid level or from high to low Owing to the investigations, we have assumed that if the English speak British English with IMs to produce 34 uses according to a concrete situation, then the Vietnamese cannot perform and perceive how precisely intonation fluctuates The Vietnamese only use IMs to perform 25 uses in various situations That's the reason why we suggest le\'els: received or acceptable English intonation spoken by the Vietnamese, v^hich is considered to be a \'ariant of the British English intonation, and the British English intonation spoken by the English Hense, in the field of intonation, we have conceived levels as follows: ideal standard (British English intonation), practical standard (English Vietnamese intonation) and non-standard fnamely ERROR) We should improve our methods of Teaching - Learning - Testing to balance the total weight between language skills and language components Tlie learning can be imagined in the following diagram: Teaching • ^ L c u i iiiii^ i^ i im]^acting On behalf of the science supervisors Prof Dr DOAN THIEN THUAT Testing e\'aluat ing Hanoi, 20/02/2005 PhD candidate ' ^ ^ „ - N G U Y E N HUY KY ... tieng Anh d nguoi Viet 98 3.4.1 MHND xuong 99 3.4.2 MHND len 104 3.4.3 MHND TB - ngang 108 3.4.4 MHND len - xuong 110 3.4 .5 MHND xuong - len 112 3 .5 So sanh cac MHND Anh chuan v6i cac MHND Anh. .. HOI VA NHAN VAN NGUYEN HUY KY NG0 DIEU TIENG ANH DOI Vdl NGirClI VIET NOI TIENG ANH LUAN AN TIEN Sl CHUYEN NGANH: NGLTVAN LI LUAN NGON NGLT MA SO: 5. 04. 08 Nguoi hirdng d^n khoa hoc: GS.TS DOAN THIEN... sau viec the bien ngQ* dieu tieng Anh cua nguai Viet: NgiJ dieu diing v6i tieng Anh chuan: la muc li tudng (ngit dieu Anh Anh)y miic thap ban la ngil dieu tieng Anh c6 the chap nhan dugc: coi nhu