A study of politeness strategies in the conversational activities of the course book new headway – elementary

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** NGUYỄN THỊ HƯỜNG A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE CONVERSATION ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSE BOOK NEW HEADWAY – ELEMENTARY (NGHIÊN CỨU CHIẾN LƯỢC LỊCH SỰ TRONG HOẠT ĐỘNG GIAO TIẾP CỦA GIÁO TRÌNH NEW HEADWAY - ELEMENTARY) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HA NOI - 2017 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** NGUYỄN THỊ HƯỜNG A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE CONVERSATION ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSE BOOK NEW HEADWAY – ELEMENTARY (NGHIÊN CỨU CHIẾN LƯỢC LỊCH SỰ TRONG HOẠT ĐỘNG GIAO TIẾP CỦA GIÁO TRÌNH NEW HEADWAY - ELEMENTARY) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Prof Dr Nguyễn Quang HA NOI - 2017 DECLARATION I here y st te th t I: Nguy n Thi Hường, from QH2015.E3, being a candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (MA), accept the requirements of the university rel ting to the retention nd use of M ster‘s Gr du tion P per deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan and reproduction of the paper October, 1st 2017 N i ễ H ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is an honor for me to express my deep and sincere thanks to those who have made this thesis possible First of all, I would like to pay my great gratitude to my supervisor, Prof Dr Nguy n Quang, for his continuous support, careful guidance and valuable advice throughout my thesis-writing period With his comprehensive instruction, his inspiration, enthusiasm and immense knowledge, he helped me step by step write up my thesis to the best of my ability and opened my knowledge of literature It was very lucky for me to be under his guidance My heartfelt thanks and blessings also go to my family, especially my parents who are always by my side and support me during the time I did my thesis Their well-being is of great spiritual motivation for me all the time Last but not least, I want to offer special thanks to all of my friends who always supported and stood by me during the completion of the graduation paper To them all I dedicate this thesis ii ABSTRACT English has been an indepensible means of communnication in daily life However, in fact, a large number of English learners find it hard to communicate fluently and confidently Therefore, it is essential to find out ways to interact well in daily communication which are partly presented in the politeness strategies used during the process of interaction As a result, this study is carried to find out politeness strategies and how they work in communication All converational ctivities in the course ook ―New He dw y – Element ry‖ are examined Then the data is analyzed according to two types of strategies, the positive and negative ones The research results reveal that positive politeness strategies are used much more than negative politeness strategies found in most of conversations in the book Furthermore, twelve positive politeness strategies and six nagative posliteness strategies are used in the book Finally, implications are offered for teaching and learning English with consideration to politeness strategies in communication iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ……………………………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………… ii ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………… iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………… iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES …………………………………… vi LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………… vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………… vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of research problem and the rationale for the study 1.2 Aim and significance of the study .2 1.3 Objectives of study .2 1.4 Scope of study .2 1.5 Design of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Culture and Communication .4 2.1.1 Definition of culture .4 2.1.2 Definition of communication .4 2.1.3 The relationship between culture and communication .5 2.2 Politeness .5 2.2.1 What is politeness? .5 2.2.2 Previous studies on politeness 2.2.3 Positive politeness and positive politeness strategies 2.2.4 Negative politeness and negative politeness strategies 14 iv CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Data source 18 3.2 Methods .18 3.2.1 Techniques for data collection 19 3.2.2 Techniques for data analysis 19 3.2.3 Process of data analysis 19 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Frequency of positive and negative politeness strategies in the conversational activities .20 4.2 Positive politeness strategies in the conversational activities .21 4.3 Negative politeness strategies in the conversational 26 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary of the findings 30 5.2 Implications to English teaching and learning 31 5.3 Limitation of the study and Reccomendations for further research 31 REFERENCES 33 APPENDICES I v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Circumstances determining choice of strategy (Brown and Levinson, 1978, 60) Figure 2: Strategies to minimize risk of losing face (Nguyen Quang, 2001) Figure 3: The frequency of positive politeness strategies Figure 4: The frequency of negative politeness strategies LIST OF TABLES Table The statistics of positive and negative politeness strategies Table The statistics of positive politeness strategies Table The statistics of negative politeness strategies LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX: Summary of positive and negative politeness strategies in the course ook ―new he dw y – element ry‖ vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS S: Speaker H: Hearer FTA: Face Threatening Act PPS: Positive Politeness Strategies NPS: Negative Politeness Strategies T: Track P: Page vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of research problem and rationale for the study People are probably unable to communicate well in their daily life, without language which is regarded as the most popular means of communication to exchange information among people at work or in study Although there have been over 10,000 languages available in the world, some of them have been used as the common languages and only few have been spoken widely around the world English is a language which many countries use as a first language and many have considered it as the common language for teaching in schools and universities People have studied English for different purposes such as getting job, studying abroard, promotion or travelling In Vietnam, English has been taught as a foreign language for serveral decades and recently, English has become a compulsory subject in most schools, colleges and universities Although teaching speaking skill as well as other skills have been put in all the textbooks from primary school to high school for several years, most Vietnamese teachers have still focused on teaching grammar like structural rules and forms of tenses rather than speaking skill This accidentally makes a large number of students learning English but unable able to make everyday conversations well when they meet foreigners who speak English Besides, many Vietnamese are afraid of talking in English because they not know how to appear polite in English Therefore, this study is conducted with the hope to point out how positive and negative politeness strategies are used in the conversational activities under investigation, thus helping to improve the teaching nd le rning of ―Everyd y English‖ in the course book New Headway – Elementary, by Liz & John Soars A: OK – so tod y it‘s s iling nd fishing on the lake M: Fantastic I love fishing too – we go fishing a lot in Scottland A: I‘m sorry, I‘m l te The tr ffic is T.4.6/ p.33 p.35 bad today 16 B: Don‘t worry Come nd sit down We‘re on p ge 25 A: Excuse me p.35 B: Yes? A: you have a dictionary? B: I‘m sorry I don‘t It‘s t home A: th t‘s OK A: It‘s very hot in here C n I open the p.35 window? B: Re lly? I‘m quiet cold A: OK It doesn‘t m tter A: Excuse me! p.35 B: Can I help you? A: Can I have film for my camera? p.35 B: How many exposures? p.35 A: Pardon? 13 B: How many exposures? A: What does exposures mean? IV B: How many pictures? 14? 36? 40? A: Ah! Now I understand! 40, please H=Helen B= Bob T5.3/ H: And this is the kitchen p.116 B: Mmm, it‘s very nice H: Well, it‘s not very ig, ut there re lot of cup o rds And there‘s new fridge nd cooker Th t‘s new, too B: But wh t‘s in ll these cupboards? H: well, not a lot There are some cups but there ren‘t ny pl tes And I h ve some knives nd forks, ut I don‘t h ve ny spoons! B: Do you have any glasses? T5.3/ H: No Sorry p.116 B: Never mind We can drink this champagne 16 from those cups! Cheers! A: Excuse me! Is there a chemist near here? T5.6/ p.116 B: Yes It‘s over there A: Thanks A: Excuse me! Is there a newsagent near here? T5.6/ p.116 B: Yes It‘s in Church street T ke the first street on the right It‘s next to the music shop A: Oh yes Thanks V A: Excuse me? Is there a restaurant near here? T5.6/ p.116 B:There‘s Chinese one in p rk L ne next to the nk, nf there‘s n It li n one in Church Street next to the travel agent A: Is that one far? B: No Just two minutes, th t‘s ll A: Is there a post office near here? T5.6 B: Go str ight he d, nd it‘s on the page left, next to the pub 116 A: Thanks a lot A: Hello T6.8/ B: Hello Can I speak to Jo, please? p.117 A: This is Jo T6.8/ 13 p.117 B:Oh! Hi, Jo This is Pat Is Sunday still OK for tennis? A: Yes, th t‘s fine B: Great! See you on Sunday at ten, then Bye! A: Bye! A: Hello T6.8/ p.117 B: Hello Is that Liz? A: No, it isn‘t I‘ll just get her C: Hello, Liz here VI 13 B: Hi, Liz It‘s Tom Listen! There‘s party at my house on Saturday Can you come? C: Oh, sorry, Tom I c n‘t It‘s my T6.8/ sister‘s wedding p.117 B: Oh, never mind Perhaps next time Bye! C: Bye! A: Good morning, Barclay Bank, Watford Can I help you? T6.8/ p.117 B: Good morning Can I speak to the manager, please? 13 A: I‘m fr id, Mr Smith isn‘t in his office at the moment Can I take a message? B: Don‘t worry I‘ll ring ck l ter T6.8/ p.117 A: All right Goodbye B: Goodbye A: Ugh! Work again! I hate Monday mornings! T7.11/ p.118 B: me too! Did you have a nice weekend? A: Yes It was brilliant Happy birthday to you 16 T7.11/ p.118 Happy birthday to you Happy birthday, dear Tommy, Happy birthday to you VII A: Did you get any valentine cards? B: Yes, I did Listen to this T7.11/ p.118 Rose are red Violets are blue You are Valentine And I love you A:Oooh-er! Do you know who it‘s from? B: No idea! A: Congratulations! B: Oh thank you very much T7.11/ p.118 A: When‘s the h ppy d y? B: Pardon? A: Your wedding day When is it? B: Oh! We‘re not sure Perh ps some time in June A: It‘s midnight! H ppy New Ye r, everybody! T7.11/ p.118 12 B: Happy New Year! C: Happy New Year! A: Th nk goodness! It‘s Friday! B: Yeah Have a nice weekend! A: same to you A: Why didn‘t you l ugh t my joke? B: Bec use it w sn‘t very funny Th t‘s why! A: Hello Hello I c n‘t he r you Who is it? T7.11/ p.118 T8.5/ p.118 13 T8.5/ p.118 B: It‘s me J n thon JONATHON I‘m on my mobile phone A: Oh, Jon thon! Hi! Sorry, I c n‘t ch t now I‘m in hurry A: Good luck in your exams! B: Oh, thank you I always get so nervous before exams VIII T8.5/ p.118 ‗A: Mmmmm! Did you m ke this chocolate cake? T8.5/ p.118 T8.5/ p.118 13 T8.5/ p.118 16 B: I did, you like it? A: Like it? I love it It‘s delicious C n I have the recipe? A: Come on, Tommy Say hello to Auntie M vis Don‘t e shy B: Hello, Auntie Mavis A: It was a Friday B: No, it w sn‘t It was a Thursday A: No, I remember It was a Friday the thirteenth The thirteenth of July A: Oh, no I forgot your birthday B: It doesn‘t m tter, re lly A: It w s l st Sund y, w sn‘t it? The thirtieth, november the thirtieth A: Hey! Did you know that Shakespeare was born and died on the same day? B: Th t‘s nnot possi T8.9/ p.119 T8.9/ p.119 16 T8.9/ p.119 le! A: Yes, it is He was born on April the twenty- third, fifteen sixty-four and he died on April the twenty-third, sixteen sixteen D= Daisy T=Tom D: I don‘t like te T: Oh, I Well, sometimes, with sugar.but coffee‘s horri le! D: Ye h Disgusting I don‘t like eer or wine either T9.1/ p.119 T: Well, I don‘t like wine ut I like eer My dad has beer every day after work and sometimes I have a bit T9.1/ p.119 D:Beer! Yuk! But apple juice is nice I really like pple juice It‘s delicious T: Mmmmm! Ye h, it‘s delicious nd it‘s good for you Apples are too! I love all fruit – apples, oranges, bananas and strawberries T9.1/ p.119 IX D: Yeah, OK I like fruit, but I hate all v get les, ‗speci lly c rrots T: Yeah, vegetables are disgusting Er-but ot all of them, - I quite like peas Hamburger, chips nd pe s Mmm! Th t‘s one of my favoutite meals D: Yeah – hamburgers, I like Chips, I like But peas- yuk! T: My very favourite meal is spagetti Spagetti, then ice-cream after Yummy! Or yoghurt I love strawberry yoghurt D: Ice-cream – OK Yes Yoghurt, no! Spagetti – yes I like all the pasta and pizza! But I don‘t like it with tom toes or cheese I don‘t like tom toes very much nd I h te cheese T: Mmmm! Pizz The est ut you c n‘t have pizza without tomatoes and cheese D: You can T: You c n‘t! D: Can! T: C n‘t! D: Well, I c n I don‘t like cheese at all T: What you like then? D: Well, I like , er Ilike chocolate and chocolate biscuits T: Yeah! I really like chocolate.everybody likes chocolate D:Yeah Would you like a cigarette? No, th nks I don‘t smoke Do you like your teacher? Yes She‘s very nice Would you like a drink? Yes, please Some coke, please Can I help you? Yes I‘d like ook of st mps, ple se What sports you do? Well, I like swimming very much Excuse me, are you ready to order? Yes, I‘d like ste k, ple se X T9.1/ p.119 T9.1/ p.119 T9.3/ p.119 T9.3/ p.119 17 T9.3/ p.119 15 T9.3/ p.119 13 T9.3/ p.119 T9.3/ p.119 B=Barry MP=Miss Potts MP: Good morning Can I help you? B: Yes, I‘d like some or nge juice, ple se MP: Er sorry There‘s pple juice ut no orange juice B: Wh t‘s th t then? Isn‘t th t or nge juice? MP: Oh, yes So it is! My eyes! Here you are B: Thank you, and some milk, please MP: Sorry I sold the last bottle two minutes ago B: Oh, dear! What about some coffee? MP: Yes, here you are B: Th nks Th t‘s or nge juice, coffee er and er a kilo of apples, please MP: I don‘t sell pples B: You don‘t sell pples! Th t‘s str nge What about cheese?can I have some cheese? MP: I don‘t sell cheese, either B: You don‘t sell cheese! Th t‘s m zing Now, I w nt some pizz , ut I‘m sure you don‘t sell pizz , you? MP: Oh, yes, I What would you like? Pizza with mushrooms, pizza with cheese and ham, pizza with sausage, or pizza with tomatoes? B: Wow! Can I have .er some pizza with cheese with cheese and tomatoes, please? MP: Oh, sorry I forgot Usually, I have pizza ut not on Thursd ys Tod y‘s Thursd y,isn‘t it? B: Yes, it is Mmm OK, er OK Forget the pizza wh t out re d? I don‘t suppose you have any bread? MP: Yes, you‘re right B: Pardon? MP: You‘re right There isn‘t ny re d B: Tell me Do you a lot of business? MP: Oh, yes sir This shop is open 24 hours a day B: Really? What people buy? MP: all the thing you see B: Mmmm! OK Th t‘s ll for me How much? XI T9.6/ p.119 13 T9.6/ p.119 T9.6/ p.120 T9.6/ p.120 T9.6/ p.120 T9.6/ p.120 T9.6/ p.120 5 MP: Th t‘s $5.60, ple se B: Thank you, good bye MP: Good bye sir See you again B: I don‘t think so Would you like some more carrots? Yes, ple se They‘re delicious Could you pass the salt, please? Yes, of course Here you are Could I have a glass of water, please? Do you want fizzy or still? Does anybody want more dessert? Yes, ple se I‘d love some It‘s delicious How would you like your coffee? Black, no sugar, please This is delicious! Can you give me the recipe? Yes, of course I‘m gl d you like it Do you want help with the washingup? No, of course not We have a dishwasher Can I have a cheese sandwich, please? Yes, of course Th t‘s £1.75 Could you tell me the time, please? It‘s just fter ten Can you take me to school? Jump in Can I see the menu, please? Here you are Would you like a drink to start? Could you lend me some money, please? Not again! How much would you like this time? XII T9.8/ p.120 15 T9.8/ p.120 T9.8/ p.120 13 T9.8/ p.120 13 T9.8/ p.120 T9.8/ p.120 T9.8/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 13 T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 13 15 Can you help me with my homework, please? Wh t is it? French? I c n‘t spe k word of French Can I borrow your dictionary, please? 10 Yes, If I c n find it I think it‘s in my bag A: Life in the country is slower than city life? B: Yes, the city is much faster A: New York is safer than London B: No, it isn‘t It‘s much sm ller A: Madrid is more expensive than Rome T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 T9.9/ p.120 T10.2/ p.120 T10.2/ p.120 B: No, they ren‘t They‘re much older A: The underground in London is better the the Metro in Paris T10.2/ p.120 XIII 10 T10.2/ p.120 (T 10.2 page 120) 13 T10.2/ p.120 B: No, it isn‘t M drid is much cheaper A: The buildings in Rome are mỏe modern the the buildings in New York B: No! The Underground is much worse 5 11 Tara: Why did you leave London? You had a good job Mel: Yes, ut I‘ve got etter jo here Tara:And you had a big flat in London Mel: Well, I‘ve got igger fl t here Tara:Really? How many bedrooms has it got? Mel: Three And it‘s gogt g rden It‘s nicer th n my fl t in London nd it‘s che per T r : But you h ven‘t got ny friends! Mel: I‘ve got lot of friends here People are much friendlier than in London Tara: But the country is so boring Mel: No, it isn‘t It‘s much more exciting than London Seacombe has got shops, a cinema, a theater, and a park And the air is cleaner and the streets are safer Tara: OK Everything is wonderful! So when can I visit you? O=Oliver M= Monica O: Oh, dear! Monic , I don‘t know ny of these people Who are they? M: Don‘t worry, Oliver They‘re very nice C n you see th t m n over there? He‘s sitting down Th t‘s H rry He‘s a musician He works in LA O: Sorry, where? M: You know, LA Los Angeles O: Oh yeah M: And he‘s t lking to M ndy He‘s we ring red dress She‘s very nice nd very rich She lives in a beautiful old house in the country O: Rich, eh? M: Yes, Rich and married! Next to her is Fion She‘s drinking glass of red wine Fion ‘s the oldest frienf, she nd I were t school together XIV T10.3/ p.120 1+5 T10.3/ p.120 T11.1/ p.121 13 16 T11.1/ p.121 T11.1/ p.121 O: And what does Fiona do? M: She‘s writer She writes children‘s stories- they‘re very good ut nyw y, she‘s t king to Goerge He‘s l ughing nd smoking cig r He‘s pilot He tr vels the world, thousands of miles every week O: And who are those two over there? They know each other very well M: Oh, th t‘s Roz nd S m They‘re m rried They live in the flat upstairs O: So…er…th t‘s H rry nd M ndy and …er…it‘s no good, I c n‘t remem er ll those names In the clothes shop SA= shop assistant C= cucstomer SA: Can I help you? C: Yes, ple se I‘m looking for shirt to go with my new suit SA: What colour are you looking for? C: No, it isn‘t the right lue SA: Well, wh t out this one? It‘s it darker blue C: Oh, yes I‘d like th t one much etter C n I try it on? SA: Yes, of course The changing rooms are over there Is the size OK? C: No, it‘s it too ig H ve you got smaller size? SA: Th t‘s the l st lue one we‘ve got, I‘m fr id But we‘ve got it in white C: OK I‘ll t ke the white How much is it? SA: $39.99 how you want to pay? T11.1/ p.121 C: Can I pay by credit card? T11.8/ p.121 SA: Credit c rd‘s fine Th nk you very much Unit 12 Questions about Rosie A: Why is she going to learn French and Russian? B: Because she wants to dance in Paris and Moscow A: When is she going to marry? B: Not until she‘s thirty-five XV 11 T11.8/ p.121 13 T11.8/ p.121 T11.8/ p.121 T11.8/ p.121 13 13 T12.3/ p.122 T12.3/ p.122 17 A: How many children is she going to have? B: Two How long is she going to work? B: Until she is seventy-five A: What is she going to teach? B: Dancing It‘s going to r in T ke n um rell It‘s going to r in Look t the time You‘re going to e late for the meeting Ann ‘s running very f st She‘s going to win the race Look! J ck‘s on the w ll He‘s going to fall Look t th t m n He‘s going to jump They‘re going to h ve y It‘s due to next month There‘s my sister nd her oyfriend! Yuk! They‘re going to kiss ―Oh, de r I‘m going to sneeze A ttishooo!‖ Bless you! Why are you going? MB= Miss Bishop H=Harold MB: First I‘m going to Holl nd H: Why? MB: To see the tulips, of course! H: Oh, yes! How wonderful! Where are you going after that? MB: Well, then I‘m going to Sp in to w tch flamenco dancing Conversations about the weather A: It‘s lovely d y! Wh t sh ll we do? T12.3/ p.122 17 T12.3/ p.122 17 T12.3/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 T12.4/ p.122 1 1 1 1 T12.5/ p.122 12 A: It‘s r ining g in! Wh t sh ll we do? T12.7/ p.122 T12.7/ p.122 T12.7/ p.122 B: I think it‘s going to e w rmer A: it‘s lovely d y! Wh t sh ll we do? T12.8/ B: let‘s pl y tennis XVI 1 B: let‘s pl y tennis! A: Oh, no! it‘s too hot to pl y tennis B: Well, let‘s go to the e ch A: OK I‘ll get my swimming costume A: it‘s r ining g in! Wh t sh ll we do? B: let‘s st y video t home nd w tch p.122 T12.8/ p.122 T12.8/ p.122 T12.8/ p.122 T12.8/ p.122 T12.8/ p.122 12 12 12 A: Oh, no! we watched a video last night B: Well, let‘s go to the cinem 13 A: OK Which film you want to see? The information bureau A=Ann B=Clerk A: good morning Can you tell me the time of the trains from Bristol back to Oxford, please? B: Afternoon, evening? When you want to come back? A: A out five o‘clock this fternoon B: A out five o‘clock? Right Let‘s h ve look There‘re tr in th t le ves t 5.28, then there isn‘t nother one until 6.50 A: And what time they get in? B: The 5.28 gets into Oxford at 6.45 and the 6.50 gets in at 8.10 A: Thanks a lot At the ticket office A: Hello A return to Britol, please C: Day return or period return? A: A day return A: How you want to pay? C: Cash, please XVII T12.8/ p.122 12 T13.7/ p.122 T13.7/ p.122 12 T13.8/ p.122 T13.8/ p.122 13 13 14 A:Th t‘s eighteen pounds C:Here‘s a twenty-pound note C: Here‘s your ch nge nd your ticket A: Thank you Which platform is it? C: You want platform over there A: OK, thanks very much Goodbye A: Listen! BA 516 to Genev Th t‘s our flight B: Did the announcement say gate or 14? A: I couldn‘t he r I think it s id B: Look! There it is on the departure board It is gate A: Ok Come on Let‘s go A: Can I have you ticket, please B: Yes Of course A: Thank you How many suitcases have you got? B: Just one A: And have you got much hand luggage? B: Just this bag A: Th t‘s fine B: Oh… C n I h ve se t next to the window? A: Yes Th t‘s Ok Here is your o rding pass Have a nice flight! XVIII T13.8/ p.122 T14.7/ p.123 T14.7/ p.123 T14.7/ p.123 T14.7/ p.123 12 13 T14.7/ p.123 T14.7/ p.123 13 ... positive and negative politeness strategies in the conversational activities In the analysis of the politeness strategies collected in the course ook ? ?New Headway – Element ry‖, the author mainly apply... CONCLUSION In previous chapter, the researcher has analysed and discussed the performance of politeness strategies in the conversational activities in New Headway – Elementary course book This part... in the “Everyday English activities? ? ?of the course book “ New Headway – Elementary? ??? 1.4 Scope of the study The study investigates the use of positive and negative politeness strategies only in