A critical discourse analysis of President Trump’s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit on May,21st, 2017

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYEN THI THU KHANH A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT TRUMP’S SPEECH TO THE ARAB ISLAMIC AMERICAN SUMMIT ON MAY, 21st, 2017 (PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGƠN PHÊ PHÁN BÀI NĨI CHUYỆN CỦA TỔNG THỐNG TRUMP TẠI HỘI NGHỊ THƯỢNG ĐỈNH MỸ VÀ HỒI GIÁO Ả RẬP NGÀY 21/05/2017) MINOR THESIS Field :English Linguistics Code :8220201.01 Hanoi, 2018 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYEN THI THU KHANH A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT TRUMP’S SPEECH TO THE ARAB ISLAMIC AMERICAN SUMMIT ON MAY, 21st, 2017 (PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGƠN PHÊ PHÁN BÀI NĨI CHUYỆN CỦA TỔNG THỐNG TRUMP TẠI HỘI NGHỊ THƯỢNG ĐỈNH MỸ VÀ HỒI GIÁO Ả RẬP NGÀY 21/05/2017) MINOR THESIS Field :English Linguistics Code :8220201.01 Supervisor : Prof Nguyen Hoa Hanoi, 2018 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that the thesis entitled ― A critical discourse analysis of President Trump‘s speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit on May, 21st, 2017‖ is my own study in the fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts at Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It would not have been possible to complete this thesis without the kind supports and helps of many people First and foremost, I express the greatest gratitude to my enthusiastic supervisor, Prof Nguyen Hoa, for his guidance and constant supervision as well as providing necessary information regarding the study in the completion of this thesis My high appreciation also goes to all my lecturers and officers from Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, who facilitated in the most possible way during my whole course of studying I have made efforts in this thesis I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and sincerest thanks to all of them Finally, I wish to say sincerest thanks to my family and friends who have encouraged and assisted me during the process of my writing this paper Hanoi, March, 2018 Nguyen Thi Thu Khanh i TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .vii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the study Aims of the study Scope of the study The significance of thesis Methodology of the study Background of the data Structure of the study PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of key terms 1.1 What is discourse? 1.1.1 Discourse 1.1.2 Political discourse 1.2 What is CDA? 1.3 Power in language 10 1.4 Language and ideology 11 The review of previous researches .12 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 14 2.1 Data 14 2.2 Procedure 14 2.2.1 Fairclough‘s analytical framework 14 2.2.1.1 Description 15 ii 2.2.1.2 Interpretation 17 2.2.1.3 Explanation 17 2.2.2 Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and its roles in CDA 18 2.2.2.1.Ideational Function 19 2.2.2.2 Interpersonal Function 20 2.2.2.3 Textual Function 20 2.2.2.4 Thematic system 20 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 22 3.1 Text (Description) 22 3.1.1 The structure of the text 22 3.1.2 Vocabulary 26 3.1.2.1 Experiential value of words 26 3.1.2.2 The relational value of words 29 3.1.2.3 The expressive value of words .30 3.1.2.4 Metaphors .31 3.1.3 Grammar 32 3.1.3.1 The use of personal pronouns ‗I‘, ‗we‘ and ‗you‘ .32 3.1.3.2 Passive/active Voice 34 3.1.3.3 Mode of sentences 34 3.1.3.4 Modality .35 3.1.3.5 Connective value of text 37 3.1.3.6 Transitivity system (process and participants) .38 3.1.4 Textual analysis 40 3.2 Interpretation(Interaction) 41 3.2.1 Situational context 41 3.2.2 Speech acts 42 3.2.3 Inter-textual context and presupposition 44 3.3 Explanation (Context) 44 iii PART III: CONCLUSION 46 1) Summary and conclusion 46 2) Limitation of the study 48 3) Suggestions for further study 48 REFERENCES 49 APPENDIXES 50 Appendix 50 President Trump‘s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit 50 Appendix 2: Content Analysis 60 Appendix 3: Transitivity Analysis in detail 68 Appendix 4: Speech act analysis 75 iv ABSTRACT In my study, I employ Fairclough‘s theoretical framework and Halliday‘s Systemic Functional Grammar to analyze a case study which is a political speech named ―President Trump‘s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit‖ The study aims at deciphering the relationship between language, ideologies and power behind the discourse To fulfill above mentioned purposes, the linguistic strategies are analyzed to see how the ideologies of speech are constructed The result after analyzing this discourse draws out the major findings that language is not only shaped by the society around it, but an effective tool to convey ideas and at the same time affects the thinking of the hearers and the society Language constructs one‘s themes or ideologies By analyzing this case study, it can be seen that Trump has flexibly used his linguistic strategies to get his opinions across and persuade the audience to action according to his policies v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure1 The Three-Dimensional view of discourse [adapted from Fairclough, Norman 1992 Discourse and Social Change (Page 93, Figure 5-2) Cambridge: Polity Press] 15 Figure 2: Explaination ( Fairclough, 2001:136) 18 Table 1:The distribution of ‗I‘, ‗we‘, and ‗you‘ 32 Table 2: Distribution of modal verbs 36 Table 3: Summary of Process types 38 Table 4:Transitivity analysis of the speech 38 Table 5: The distribution of speech act 42 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDA Critical Discourse Analysis PDA Political Discourse Analysis CL Critical linguistics SFG Systematic Functional Grammar vii Saudi Arabia to take part in the Hajj In addition to ancient wonders, this country is also home to modern ones—including soaring achievements in architecture Egypt was a thriving center of learning and achievement thousands of years before other parts of the world The wonders of Giza, Luxor and Alexandria are proud monuments to that ancient heritage All over 19 the world, people dream of walking through the ruins of Petra in Jordan Iraq was the cradle of civilization and is a land of natural beauty And the United Arab Emirates has reached incredible heights with glass and steel, and turned earth and water into spectacular works of art The entire region is at the center of the key shipping lanes of the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, and the Straits of Hormuz The potential of this region has never been greater 65 percent of its population is under the age of 30 Like all young men and women, they seek great futures to build, great national projects to join, and a place for their families to call home But this untapped potential, this tremendous cause for optimism, is held at bay by bloodshed and terror There can be no coexistence with this violence There can be no tolerating it, no accepting it, no excusing it, and no ignoring it Every time a terrorist murders an innocent person, and falsely invokes the name of God, it should be an insult to every person of faith Terrorists not worship God, they worship death If we 20.not act against this organized terror, then we know what will happen Terrorism‘s devastation of life will continue to spread Peaceful societies will become engulfed by violence And the futures of many generations will be sadly squandered If we not stand in uniform condemnation of this killing—then not only will we be judged by our people, not only will we be judged by history, but we will be judged by God This is not a battle between different faiths, different sects, or different civilizations This is a battle between barbaric criminals who seek to obliterate human life, and decent people of all religions who seek to protect it This is a battle between Good and Evil When21 we see the scenes of destruction in the wake of terror, we see no signs that those murdered were Jewish or Christian, Shia or Sunni When we look upon the streams of innocent blood soaked into the ancient ground, we cannot see the faith or sect or tribe of the victims – we see only that they were Children of God whose deaths are an insult to all that is holy But we can only overcome this evil if the forces of good are united 63 Call up against terrorism Call up against terrorism Call up against extremism and terrorism and strong – and if everyone in this room does their fair share and fulfills their part of the burden Terrorism 22 has spread across the world But the path to peace begins Call up against terrorism right here, on this ancient soil, in this sacred land America is prepared to stand with you – in pursuit of shared interests and common security But the nations of the Middle East cannot wait for American power to crush this enemy for them The nations of the Middle East will have to decide what kind of future they want for themselves, for their countries, and for their children It is a choice between two futures – and it is a choice America CANNOT make for you A better 23.future is only possible if your nations drive out the terrorists and extremists Drive Them Out DRIVE THEM OUT of your places of worship DRIVE THEM OUT of your communities DRIVE THEM OUT of your holy land, and DRIVE THEM OUT OF THIS EARTH For our 24.part, America is committed to adjusting our strategies to meet evolving threats and new facts We will discard those strategies that have not worked—and will apply new approaches informed by experience and judgment We are adopting a Principled Realism, rooted in common values and shared interests Our friends will never question our support, and our enemies will never doubt our determination Our partnerships will advance security through stability, not through radical disruption We will make decisions based on real-world outcomes – not inflexible ideology We will be guided by the lessons of experience, not the confines of rigid thinking And, wherever possible, we will seek gradual reforms – not sudden intervention We must seek partners, not perfection—and to make allies of all who share our goals Above all, America seeks peace – not war Muslim 25.nations must be willing to take on the burden, if we are going to defeat terrorism and send its wicked ideology into oblivion The first 26 task in this joint effort is for your nations to deny all territory to the foot soldiers of evil Every country in the region has an absolute duty to ensure that terrorists find no sanctuary on their soil Many 27 are already making significant contributions to regional security: Jordanian pilots are crucial partners against ISIS in Syria and Iraq Saudi Arabia and a regional coalition have taken strong action against Houthi militants in Yemen The Lebanese Army is hunting ISIS operatives who try to infiltrate their territory Emirati troops are supporting our Afghan partners In Mosul, American 64 Against terrorism extremism and Against terrorism extremism and Advance security Against terrorism Against terrorism Bring out peace and security troops are supporting Kurds, Sunnis and Shias fighting together for their homeland Qatar, which hosts the U.S Central Command, is a crucial strategic partner Our longstanding partnership with Kuwait and Bahrain continue to enhance security in the region And courageous Afghan soldiers are making tremendous sacrifices in the fight against the Taliban, and others, in the fight for their country As we 28 deny terrorist organizations control of territory and Call up against terrorism populations, we must also strip them of their access to funds We must cut off the financial channels that let ISIS sell oil, let extremists pay their fighters, and help terrorists smuggle their reinforcements I am proud 29 to announce that the nations here today will be signing an Bring out peace and security agreement to prevent the financing of terrorism, called the Terrorist Financing Targeting Center – co-chaired by the United States and Saudi Arabia, and joined by every member of the Gulf Cooperation Council It is another historic step in a day that will be long remembered I also30 applaud the Gulf Cooperation Council for blocking funders Making Action from using their countries as a financial base for terror, and designating Hezbollah as a terrorist organization last year Saudi Arabia also joined us this week in placing sanctions on one of the most senior leaders of Hezbollah Of course, 31 there is still much work to Against extremism That means honestly confronting the crisis of Islamist extremism and the Islamist terror groups it inspires And it means standing together against the murder of innocent Muslims, the oppression of women, the persecution of Jews, and the slaughter of Christians Religious leaders must make this absolutely clear: Barbarism will deliver you no glory – piety to evil will bring you no dignity If you choose the path of terror, your life will be empty, your life will be brief, and YOUR SOUL WILL BE CONDEMNED And political 32 leaders must speak out to affirm the same idea: heroes Advance security and culture don‘t kill innocents; they save them Many nations here today have and commerce taken important steps to raise up that message Saudi Arabia‘s Vision for 2030 is an important and encouraging statement of tolerance, respect, empowering women, and economic development The United 33 Arab Emirates has also engaged in the battle for hearts Against terrorism and souls—and with the U.S., launched a center to counter the online spread of hate Bahrain too is working to undermine recruitment and radicalism I also applaud Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon for their role in hosting refugees The surge of migrants and refugees leaving the Middle East depletes the human capital needed to build stable societies and economies 65 Instead 34.of depriving this region of so much human potential, Middle Bring about peace Eastern countries can give young people hope for a brighter future in security their home nations and regions That means promoting the aspirations and dreams of all citizens who seek a better life – including women, children, and followers of all faiths Numerous Arab and Islamic scholars have eloquently argued that protecting equality strengthens Arab and Muslim communities In that35.spirit, after concluding my visit in Riyadh, I will travel to Against terrorism Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and then to the Vatican – visiting many of the holiest places in the three Abrahamic Faiths If these three faiths can join together in cooperation, then peace in this world is possible – including peace between Israelis and Palestinians I will be meeting with both Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas Starving terrorists of their territory, their funding, and the false allure of their craven ideology, will be the basis for defeating them and But no 36.discussion of stamping out this threat would be complete Against extremism without mentioning the government that gives terrorists all three— terrorism safe harbor, financial backing, and the social standing needed for recruitment It is a regime that is responsible for so much instability in the region I am speaking of course of Iran From Lebanon to Iraq to Yemen, Iran funds, arms, and trains terrorists, militias, and other extremist groups that spread destruction and chaos across the region For decades, Iran has fueled the fires of sectarian conflict and terror It is a government that speaks openly of mass murder, vowing the destruction of Israel, death to America, and ruin for many leaders and nations in this room Among Iran‘s most tragic and destabilizing interventions have been in Syria Bolstered by Iran, Assad has committed unspeakable crimes, and the United States has taken firm action in response to the use of banned chemical weapons by the Assad Regime – launching 59 tomahawk missiles at the Syrian air base from where that murderous attack originated and Responsible 37 nations must work together to end the humanitarian crisis Against terrorism to bring in Syria, eradicate ISIS, and restore stability to the region peace and security The Iranian 38 regime‘s longest-suffering victims are its own people Against terrorism Iran has a rich history and culture, but the people of Iran have endured hardship and despair under their leaders‘ reckless pursuit of conflict and terror Until the Iranian regime is willing to be a partner for peace, all nations of conscience must work together to isolate Iran, deny it funding for terrorism, and pray for the day when the Iranian people 66 have the just and righteous government they deserve The decisions we make will affect countless lives King 39 Salman, I thank you for the creation of this great moment in Give thanks history, and for your massive investment in America, its industry and its jobs I also thank you for investing in the future of this part of the world This fertile region has all the ingredients for extraordinary success – a rich history and culture, a young and vibrant people, a thriving spirit of enterprise But you can only unlock this future if the citizens of the Middle East are freed from extremism, terror and violence We in this room are the leaders of our peoples They look to us for answers, and for action And when we look back at their faces, behind every pair of eyes is a soul that yearns for justice Today,40 billions of faces are now looking at us, waiting for us to act on Call up against terrorism and the great question of our time extremism Will we be indifferent in the presence of evil? Will we protect our citizens from its violent ideology? Will we let its venom spread through our societies? Will we let it destroy the most holy sites on earth? If we not confront this deadly terror, we know what the future will bring—more suffering and despair But if we act—if we leave this magnificent room unified and determined to what it takes to destroy the terror that threatens the world—then there is no limit to the great future our citizens will have The birthplace 41 of civilization is waiting to begin a new renaissance Just imagine what tomorrow could bring Glorious wonders of science, art, medicine and commerce to inspire humankind Great cities built on the ruins of shattered towns New jobs and industries that will lift up millions of people Parents who no longer worry for their children, families who no longer mourn for their loved ones, and the faithful who finally worship without fear These are the blessings of prosperity and peace These are the desires that burn with a righteous flame in every human heart And these are the just demands of our beloved peoples I ask you 42 to join me, to join together, to work together, and to FIGHT together— BECAUSE UNITED, WE WILL NOT FAIL Bring out peace, and prosperity Thank43 you God Bless You God Bless Your Countries And God Bless the United States of America Give thanks 67 security Call up against terrorism and extremism Appendix 3: Transitivity Analysis in detail Line 10 11 Participant I I I We You The founder of Kingdom King Abdulaziz Your father Participant type Actor Sensor Sensor Actor Actor Actor Actor Sensor 12 13 15 16 17 18 20 21 21 22 24 25 26 26 27 28 30 32 He We Let me You I I I Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Sensor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Carrier I Nation I I America 35 36 37 37 38 40 43 43 44 Our vision Our goal this historic and unprecedented gathering of leaders I The United State This A new spirit of optimism We That There I My meetings 46 47 We That Sensor Sensor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Existent Sensor Goal Actor Actor 68 Process thank am honored heard arrived hosted united began would be so proud to see opened begin extend honor Send know Stand deliver chose serves pledged Build promised will not seek to outstretch Is Is Is Process type Material Mental Mental Material Material Material Material Mental want to know is eager Is is sweeping have created will protect Is am pleased have been filled with signed will invest Mental Mental Relational Material Material Material Existential Mental Material Material Material Material Material Material Mental Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Relational Material Material 49 50 51 53 56 58 Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor include Help Help have started will make represents Relational Material Material Material Material Material 59 60 62 63 This landmark agreement We This agreement We We This groundbreaking new center Countries I I I Actor Actor Sensor Actor Material Material Relational Material 64 64 65 67 67 69 69 70 70 71 73 75 77 78 78 79 America Priority We We partnership We We We One goal That goal Boys and girls Men and women God‘s help Those We Gathering Carrier Carrier Carrier Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Carrier Actor Actor Actor Goal must take want to express have had look forward to working is is are not Are based on will discuss Share must be united transcend is to meet should be able should have Mark practice Pray may be remembered 81 83 84 87 89 90 91 93 93 95 95 96 97 This future Few nations America The nations of Europe Nations of… the deadliest toll They Some estimates 95 percent We That It No description Goal Goal Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Actor Sayer Carrier Actor Actor Carrier Actor can be achieved have been spared has suffered have endured have been has been exacted have borne Hold Are Face is spreading is can begin Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Material Verbal Relational Material Material Relational Material 69 Relational Relational Relational Relational Material Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Relational Material Material Material Material 98 99 101 102 104 104 104 106 107 108 109 110 111 113 114 114 115 116 117 119 119 120 122 123 124 125 126 127 127 128 129 129 The true toll It The Middle East It The region Refugee Newcomer Saudi Millions of Muslim s This country The entire region The potential 65 of percent They This tremendous cause There There A terrorist It Terrorist They We We Devastation of life Goal Goal Carrier Carrier Carrier Actor Actor Carrier Actor Carrier Carrier Carrier Carrier Sensor Carrier Carrier Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Carrier Actor Goal Existent Existent Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Sensor Actor 130 130 Peaceful societies Future Carrier Goal 132 133 135 137 139 140 141 We We This This This We Those Actor Goal Carrier Carrier Carrier Sensor Carrier Egypt The wonder of… People Iraq the United Arab Emirates 70 must be counted must be counted Is become should not be Flee Flock Is come Is include Was Are dream Was Is has reached turned Is has been Is Seek is held can be can be murder should be not worship worship not act know continue to spread become will be squandered not stand will be judged Is Is Is See Is Material Material Relational Relational Relational Material Material Relational Material Relational Relational Relational Relational Mental Relational Relational Material Material Relational Relational Relational Material Material Existential Existential Material Relational Material Material Material Mental Material Relational Material Material Material Relational Relational Relational Mental Relational 141 142 142 143 143 144 145 145 146 148 148 150 152 153 We Blood We We They Deaths We Forces of good Everyone Terrorism The path America Nations of… Nations of … Sensor Goal Sensor Sensor Carrier Carrier Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor 155 157 157 161 162 163 164 164 165 It A better future Your nation America We Carrier Carrier Actor Goal Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor 165 166 167 168 169 171 171 173 174 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 Our enemies Our partnership We We We We We Principle Realism Our friends Americas Muslim nations We The first task Every country Terrorists Many Pilots Saudia… Army look soaked cannot see See only Are Are overcome Are Does spread begins Stand cannot wait will have to decide is is drive out is committed will discard will apply are adopting rooted will never question will never doubt will advance will make will be guided will seek must seek make Seek must be willing defeat Send Is Has Find are making Are have taken action Is hunting Actor Actor Actor Goal Actor Actor Actor Actor sensor Actor Actor carrier carrier Actor Actor carrier Actor Actor 71 Mental Material Mental Mental Relational Relational Material Relational Material Material Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Mental Material Material Relational Relational Material Material Relational Material Material 182 183 185 185 186 187 189 190 190 191 191 193 193 196 197 Who Troops Qatar 198 200 201 203 204 204 207 207 208 208 209 209 211 211 212 212 213 216 217 218 219 220 222 224 224 226 226 I Saudia There That It It Leader Barbarism Evil You Your life Your Political leader Heroes They Many nations Vision Emirates Out partnership… Soldier We We We ISIS Extremist I Nations It That Bahrain I The surge of… Middle Eastern countries That Who Scholars Protecting Actor Actor Actor Carrier Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Sensor Actor Carrier Goal Actor Actor Existent Carrier Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor 72 try to infiltrate are supporting Hosts Is enhance Are Deny Strip cut off sell Pay am so proud will signing Is will be remembered applaud joined is means inspires means make deliver Bring choose will be will be speak out not kill Save have taken Is has engaged launched Is working applaud depletes Give means Seek have argued strengthens Material Material Material Relational Material Relational Material Material Material Material Material Mental Material Relational Material Material Material Existential Relational Material Relational Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Material Material Material Material Relational Material Material Material Material Material Material Relational Material Material Material 228 229 230 232 234 235 236 238 240 241 242 242 243 245 246 247 247 249 250 251 253 254 256 257 257 259 260 261 262 263 263 264 265 267 269 269 271 271 272 272 273 274 276 Middle East We Every men and women I Three faiths Peace I Starving No discussion The government It That I ….groups Iran It Government Syria ….Assad The United State Attacks Nations Victims Iran The people of Iran Iran regime All nations of… Iranian people They The decision We I I Region You Citizens We They We Pair of eyes That billions of faces We Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Actor Carrier Carrier Actor Carrier Carrier Sayer Actor Actor Actor Sayer Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Carrier Actor Sensor Actor Carrier Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Carrier Action Carrier Carrier Sensor Sensor Carrier Actor Sensor Carrier Is practice can joy wWill travel can join Is will be meeting will be would be Gives Is Is am speaking spread Has fueled Is speak has been has committed has taken action originated work Are has Has endured Is willing to be must work have deserve will affect make thank thank Has can unlock Are Are Look look back Is yearn is looking will be 73 Relational Material Material Material Material Relational Material Relational Relational Material Relational Relational Verbal Material Material Relational Verbal Relational Material Material Material Material Relational Relational Material Mental Material Relational Material Material Material Material Material Relational Material Relational Relational Mental Mental Relational Material Mental Relational 276 277 278 279 279 279 281 We We We We We The future We Actor Actor Actor Actor Sensor Actor Actor will protect let spread let destroy not act know will bring Act Material Material Material Material Mental Material Material 281 We Actor Leave Material 282 It Actor Takes Material 282 That Actor threatens Material 282 There Existent Is Existential 283 Out citizen Carrier will have Relational 284 285 Civilization Tomorrow Actor Actor is waiting Bring Material Material 287 Great cities Goal built on Material 287 New jobs and industries Actor will lift up Material 288 Parents Actor no longer worry Material 289 Families Actor no longer mourn Material 290 The faithful Actor worship Material 291 These Carrier Are Relational 291 These Carrier Are Relational 291 That Actor Burn Material 292 These Carrier are Relational 294 I Sayer ask Verbal 74 Appendix Speech act analysis Line 10 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 20 21 24 26 28 30 33 35 35 37 38 43 45 46 46 49 50 52 53 56 58 60 62 64 65 69 Act Speech act type Expressive Expressive Expressive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Declaration Expressive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Commissive Commissive Representative Representative Representative Directive Representative Representative Representative Expressive Representative Representative Commissive Representative Commissive Commissive Representative Commissive Declaration Expressive Expressive Representative Representative Commissive Thank Thank I am honored I always have heard Word does not You hosted me… King began Your father… He opened We begin … Gratitude You honor I send I know… I stand… That‘s why … I pledged I promised Our vision is… Our goal is… is a symbol I want you … United state is eager… This is … I have created… I am pleased … My meeting… We signed That will invest This agreement includes We will This agreement will We have started We will make a new declaration … our gratitude… welcoming America is We are not here We will 75 70 73 75 78 81 83 84 87 90 91 93 95 96 97 99 101 102 104 106 107 108 110 111 113 114 115 117 119 120 122 124 125 127 128 132 135 137 139 140 145 148 150 152 We must … Should be ….should have… We pray can only be achieved have been spared… …have suffered have endured The deadline toll… They have borne… 95% We now face It is can begin Must be counted The middle East is …should be …should not be …is come from… is …was ….are …dream was… …has reached… …is… …has never been …seek… is held … There Every time murders Terrorist not will… …will… ….is… is ….is… …see… overcome… … has spread… …is prepared… …cannot wait will have to… 76 Directive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Directive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Commissive Commissive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Directive 155 157 161 165 171 174 176 178 179-188 189-192 193-197 198-201 203-206 207-210 211-215 216-218 219-223 224-227 229 232-237 238 240 244-246 247 249-253 254 256-258 259-262 264-266 26-270 271-273 274-275 279-280 281-283 284-285 286-290 291-293 294 296-297 …is is… is commited… will never… must… Must… is… find no Representative Representative Commissive Commissive Directive Directive Representative Declaration Representative Directive Declaration Expressive Representative Directive Directive Representative Representative Representative Directive Commissive Commissive Commissive Representative Representative Representative Commissive Representative Directive Expressive Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Directive Expressive must let…pay… …announce …applaud That means… …must… …must… applaud… …must will travel… Will Would is… must… …must… thank There … ask you Thank you 77