Field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya to study the effect of farmyard manure and bio-digester liquid manure on the performance of aerobic rice – field bean cropping sequence. Soil was red sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon (0.38 %) and available nitrogen (215.5 kg ha-1 ), medium in available P2O5 (26.2 kg ha-1 ) and K2O (162.3 kg ha-1 ).
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number (2017) pp 684-693 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.078 Effect of Farmyard Manure and Bio-digester Liquid Manure on Soil Health under Aerobic Rice – Field Bean Cropping Sequence Siddaram*, V.C Reddy and N Krishna Murthy Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Aerobic rice, Field bean, Soil health, Organic carbon, Microbial population, Colony farming unit Article Info Accepted: 04 April 2017 Available Online: 10 May 2017 Field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya to study the effect of farmyard manure and bio-digester liquid manure on the performance of aerobic rice – field bean cropping sequence Soil was red sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon (0.38 %) and available nitrogen (215.5 kg -1), medium in available P2O5 (26.2 kg ha-1) and K2O (162.3 kg ha-1) Significantly higher organic carbon content (0.51 %) after harvest of aerobic rice was found with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 and 0.55% with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N -1 after harvest of field bean Significantly higher available nitrogen (356.2 kg ha-1), P2O5 (69.5 kg ha-1) and K2O (208.0 kg ha-1) after harvest of aerobic rice were noticed by the application of FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 as compared to recommended practice Similarly, higher available nitrogen (362.3 kg ha-1), P2O5 (87.2 kg ha-1) and K2O (227.8 kg ha-1) after harvest of field bean were noticed with of FYM 10 t + BDLME to 20 kg N -1 as compared to recommended practice Significantly higher population of bacteria (24.2 cfu X 105 g-1 of soil), fungi (16.4 cfu X 103 g-1 s of soil) and actinomycetes (11.2 cfu X 104 g-1 of soil) after harvest of aerobic rice was found with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 as compared to the recommended practice but was on par with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 In the same context, higher population of bacteria (25.8 cfu X 105 g-1 soil), fungi (17.4 cfu X 103 g-1 soil) and actinomycetes (12.2 cfu X 104 g-1 soil) after harvest of field bean were found with the application of FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N -1 as compared to that of recommended practice but was on par with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 but, was on par with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N -1 Introduction Soil is the medium for life’s support system It is the foundation upon which we rely to sustain us Out of the soil comes our food, which provides the nutrients that nourish us as individuals and as a civilization The more we seek to improve long-term soil fertility, the more we are supporting a healthy, well-fed population in the future Healthy, fertile soils lay the groundwork for a strong and resilient food system Legumes are wonderful gifts of nature Their unique ability of biological nitrogen fixation, deep root system, mobilization of insoluble soil nutrients and bringing qualitative changes in soil physical properties makes them as soil fertility restores and thereby benefits the succeeding non leguminous crop (Morey and Bagde, 1982) The practice of cereal – cereal rotation continuously might have an adverse effect on physico-chemical properties and fertility 684 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 status of soil Inclusion of legumes in the rotation improves the soil fertility better than cereal – cereal rotation Soil organisms are responsible, to a varying degree depending on the system, for performing vital functions in the soil Soil organisms make up the diversity of life in the soil This soil biodiversity is an important but poorly understood component of terrestrial ecosystems Soil biodiversity is comprised of the organisms that spend all or a portion of their life cycles within the soil or on its immediate surface (including surface litter and decaying logs) Further, soil organisms represent a large fraction of global terrestrial biodiversity They carry out a range of processes important for soil health and fertility in soils of both natural ecosystems and agricultural systems As farmers, we care deeply about the lands that we cultivate and want to keep them fertile for many years to come However, for the past sixty or so years, our large-scale, “conventional” soil management techniques have largely ignored one the most fundamental requirements of the soil health i.e life in the soil Keeping these points in view, the field trials were carried out to study the effect of farmyard manure and biodigester liquid manure on soil health under aerobic rice – filed bean cropping sequence experimental site was red sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon (0.38 %) and available nitrogen (215.5 kg ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (26.2 kg ha-1) and K2O (162.3 kg ha-1) Representative soil samples from to 30 cm depth were collected from each experimental plot after harvest of every crop Soil samples thus collected were air dried in shade, powdered with wooden mallet and passed through mm sieve and chemically analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content Available nitrogen was determined by alkaline permanganate method as outlined by Subbaiah and Asija (1959) Available phosphorus was determined by Olsen’s method as outlined by Jackson (1967) Available potassium was determined by Neutral normal ammonium acetate solution using flame photometer as outlined by Jackson (1967) Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of the plants at harvest The soil samples collected were placed in a polyethylene bag and brought to laboratory and stored in refrigerator at 50 C until used for analysis Samples were analyzed for different soil micro organism viz., total bacteria, total fungi and total actinomycetes using standard dilution plate count technique and plating on specific nutrient media Materials and Methods Group of Media used microorganism Bacteria Soil Extract Agar Fungi Martin’s Rose Bengal Agar (MRBA) Actinomycetes Kuster’s Agar (KA) Field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the “Effect of farmyard manure and bio-digester liquid manure on the performance of aerobic rice – field bean cropping sequence” The experimental site is situated between 110 30’ to 130 05’ North latitude and 760 05’ to 770 45’ East longitude and an altitude of 695 meters above mean sea level Soil of the Results and Discussion Soil properties: Significantly higher organic carbon (0.51 %) content after harvest of 685 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 aerobic rice was observed with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 closely followed by FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 (0.49 %) and both were superior than recommended practice (FYM 10 t + 100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and other treatments (Table 1) Similarly, significantly higher organic carbon (0.55 %) content after harvest of field bean was observed with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 closely followed by FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 (0.52 %) and both were superior than recommended practice (FYM 7.5 t + 25:50:25 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and other treatments (Table 2) This was mainly attributed to the contribution of carbon to soil through farmyard manure Naveed et al., (2010) indicated that maximum value of organic matter (1.21 %) was obtained with FYM 40 t ha-1 followed by 1.06 per cent with FYM 20 t ha-1 against the minimum value (0.93 %) in recommended NPK Reddy et al (2011) also observed the higher soil organic carbon after harvest of rice where higher doses of FYM and BDLM were applied at Mandya, Naganahally, Bramhavar and Kathalegere Further, Rajnish and Subhash (2011) observed that soil organic carbon was 13 per cent higher with organic nutrient management (0.907 %) than the inorganic nutrient management (0.803 %) These findings hold well in the present context compared to recommended practice which had 219, 52 and 122 kg ha-1, respectively (Table 2) The increase in available nitrogen content of soil could be ascribed to the increased organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil This might also be attributed to greater multiplication of soil microbes caused by the addition of organic materials for the conversion of organically bound nitrogen to inorganic form Nitrogen in organic form is less prone to leaching and volatilization losses Higher P could be ascribed to the dissolution of native phosphorus compounds by decomposition of FYM Besides FYM itself could contribute considerably to this available pool upon mineralization as it contained 0.27 per cent P2O5 Higher K could be due to the direct effect of liquid manure and contribution from applied FYM to the soil pool FYM has been reported to be a direct and ready source of potassium and also helps in minimizing the leaching loss of potassium by retaining potassium ions on exchange sites of the decomposition products Similar results were also reported by Gopalakrishnan and Palaniappan (1992), Dikshit and Khatik (2002) and Rajshree et al., (2005) Further, the improvement in N, P and K status of soil could be supported by the studies of Gajanana et al., (2005) who indicated that the soil health was sustainable for 25 years in FYM (10 t ha-1) applied plots or integrated plots as compared to only NPK applied plots In general, availability of nutrients in soil increased from first to second year of cultivation of both the crops Significantly higher available nitrogen (356.2 kg ha-1), P2O5 (69.5 kg ha-1) and K2O (208.0 kg ha-1) after harvest of aerobic rice were noticed by the application of FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 as compared to recommended practice which had lower nutrients (262, 38 and 137) (Table 1) Similarly, higher available nitrogen (362.3 kg ha-1), phosphorus (87.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (227.8 kg ha-1) after harvest of filed bean were noticed with of FYM 10 t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 as Further, these treatments also recorded higher DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe contents in the soil as compared to fertilizers only Reddy et al., (2010) reported that at Mandya and Naganahally, soil nutrients and organic carbon status was improved by the application of FYM and bio-digester liquid manure to rice 686 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 Table.1 Soil properties after harvest of aerobic rice as influenced by FYM and bio-digester liquid manure Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 Initial S.Em± C.D at 5% T1 : T2 : T3 : T4 : T5 : Available nitrogen (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 262.3 333.3 297.8 258.3 331.0 294.7 256.0 325.3 290.7 280.0 329.7 304.8 284.0 354.7 319.3 282.3 350.7 316.5 275.0 344.0 309.5 280.3 347.0 313.7 317.0 395.3 356.2 301.0 379.3 340.2 283.7 342.3 313.0 281.0 337.7 309.3 235.0 289.7 262.3 158.7 64.0 111.0 215.5 9.9 12.2 11.0 28.7 35.5 31.1 Organic carbon (%) 2010 2011 Pooled 0.37 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.44 0.46 0.52 0.49 0.48 0.54 0.51 0.40 0.45 0.42 0.34 0.31 0.33 0.38 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.06 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 75 kg N -1 T6 T7 T8 T9 : : : : Available P2O5 (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 48.5 57.8 53.2 48.0 56.7 52.4 46.7 55.2 51.0 45.2 54.5 49.9 56.8 66.4 61.6 54.6 64.1 59.4 54.0 63.9 58.9 51.2 61.4 56.3 64.8 74.1 69.5 61.5 71.5 66.5 42.5 51.9 47.2 40.8 50.1 45.5 36.4 39.5 38.0 16.2 3.3 9.8 26.2 2.1 1.8 2.0 6.2 5.4 5.6 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 T10 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 FYM - Farmyard manure 687 Available K2O (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 164.3 171.7 168.0 162.0 170.3 166.2 161.3 168.3 164.8 158.3 165.0 161.7 174.3 185.3 179.8 171.0 181.7 176.3 170.3 179.0 174.7 167.0 177.7 172.3 202.3 213.7 208.0 188.0 198.0 193.0 155.0 161.7 158.3 153.7 160.3 157.0 141.7 132.3 137.0 114.0 48.3 81.2 162.3 8.0 7.0 7.4 23.3 20.5 21.0 T11 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 T12 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 T13 : FYM 10 t + 100:50:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 T14 : Absolute control BDLME - Bio-Digester Liquid Manure Equivalent Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 Table.2 Soil properties after harvest of field bean as influenced by FYM and bio-digester liquid manure Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 S.Em± C.D at 5% T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 : : : : : Available nitrogen (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 268.7 345.0 306.8 265.0 340.0 302.5 263.7 335.3 299.5 255.3 330.7 293.0 292.7 371.7 332.2 287.0 370.3 328.7 282.0 363.0 322.5 274.3 359.0 316.7 321.0 403.7 362.3 308.0 397.0 352.5 250.7 328.0 289.3 244.3 319.3 281.8 198.0 240.3 219.2 110.7 24.3 67.5 7.2 9.0 8.4 21.0 26.1 23.7 Organic carbon (%) 2010 2011 Pooled 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.36 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.50 0.46 0.47 0.56 0.52 0.51 0.59 0.55 0.43 0.47 0.45 0.33 0.27 0.30 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.07 FYM t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 20 kg N FYM - Farmyard manure T6 T7 T8 T9 -1 : : : : Available P2O5 (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 55.1 86.1 70.6 53.8 85.5 69.7 52.3 83.9 68.1 51.8 83.3 67.6 63.3 94.3 78.8 60.8 92.2 76.5 59.7 90.7 75.2 57.8 89.1 73.5 70.2 104.3 87.2 68.1 100.4 84.2 49.3 81.6 65.5 47.4 79.1 63.3 38.4 66.5 52.4 10.8 1.9 6.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 6.0 6.6 6.1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 T10 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 CFU – Colony Forming Unit 688 Available K2O (kg ha-1) 2010 2011 Pooled 181.3 193.0 187.2 178.7 188.7 183.7 176.0 186.3 181.2 172.7 181.7 177.2 193.7 209.0 201.3 191.0 204.7 197.8 188.3 202.0 195.2 185.7 197.3 191.5 220.3 235.3 227.8 206.0 221.0 213.5 170.0 178.7 174.3 167.3 175.3 171.3 125.7 119.0 122.3 82.2 14.2 48.2 8.3 7.6 8.5 24.2 22.1 24.1 T11 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 T12 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 T13 : FYM 7.5 t + 25:50:25 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 T14 : Absolute control BDLME - Bio-Digester Liquid Manure Equivalent Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 Table.3 Population of soil microorganisms after harvest of aerobic rice as influenced by FYM and bio-digester liquid manure Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 Initial S.Em± C.D at 5% T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 : : : : : Bacteria (cfu x 105 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 12.1 14.3 13.2 13.0 15.5 14.3 13.3 15.9 14.6 13.6 16.5 15.1 14.1 17.0 15.6 14.3 17.4 15.8 15.8 18.6 17.2 16.3 20.7 18.5 18.5 21.4 20.0 19.4 22.8 21.1 21.3 24.9 23.1 22.5 25.8 24.2 11.7 12.2 11.9 9.2 7.2 8.2 11.2 0.8 0.7 0.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 75 kg N FYM - Farmyard manure -1 T6 T7 T8 T9 : : : : Fungi (cfu x 103 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 9.5 11.0 10.3 10.1 11.6 10.9 11.2 12.5 11.9 11.7 13.1 12.4 11.9 13.3 12.6 12.3 13.9 13.1 12.5 14.5 13.5 12.7 14.5 13.6 13.1 14.8 14.0 13.2 15.1 14.2 14.8 16.7 15.8 15.2 17.5 16.4 8.9 9.5 9.2 4.9 4.0 4.5 8.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 75 kg N ha-1 T10 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 100 kg N ha-1 CFU – Colony Forming Unit 689 Actinomycetes (cfu x 104 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 6.5 7.4 7.0 6.7 7.8 7.3 7.2 7.9 7.6 7.3 8.3 7.8 7.4 8.7 8.1 7.7 8.9 8.3 8.1 9.3 8.7 8.4 9.7 9.1 8.5 10.0 9.3 8.8 10.3 9.5 9.9 11.5 10.7 10.2 12.1 11.2 6.2 6.7 6.4 3.9 3.3 3.6 6.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 T11 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 T12 : FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 T13 : FYM 10 t + 100:50:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 T14 : Absolute control BDLME - Bio-Digester Liquid Manure Equivalent Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 Table.4 Population of soil microorganisms after harvest of field bean as influenced by FYM and bio-digester liquid manure Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 S.Em± C.D at 5% T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Bacteria (cfu x 105 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 13.6 15.7 14.7 14.4 16.5 15.5 14.7 17.0 15.9 15.3 17.8 16.5 15.8 18.6 17.2 15.8 19.0 17.4 17.3 20.1 18.7 19.5 22.1 20.8 20.1 22.8 21.4 21.4 24.1 22.8 23.8 26.0 24.9 24.5 27.2 25.8 13.0 11.5 12.3 8.5 6.5 7.5 0.82 0.82 0.83 2.40 2.38 2.36 Fungi (cfu x 103 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 10.6 12.1 11.4 11.0 12.8 11.9 12.1 13.5 12.8 12.5 14.3 13.4 12.8 14.4 13.6 13.2 14.9 14.1 13.7 15.3 14.5 13.8 15.6 14.7 14.2 15.9 15.0 14.8 16.2 15.5 15.9 17.7 16.8 16.6 18.2 17.4 10.2 9.1 9.7 4.4 3.7 4.1 0.44 0.64 0.64 1.28 1.85 1.82 : FYM t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 FYM t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 T6 T7 T8 T9 : FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 T10 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 : : : FYM - Farmyard manure : : : : FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 25 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 FYM 7.5 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 FYM 10 t + BDLME to 20 kg N ha-1 CFU – Colony Forming Unit 690 Actinomycetes (cfu x 104 g-1 of soil) 2010 2011 Pooled 7.1 8.1 7.6 7.2 8.5 7.9 7.6 8.6 8.1 7.7 9.1 8.4 7.8 9.5 8.7 8.4 9.8 9.1 8.8 10.4 9.6 9.2 10.5 9.8 9.3 11.0 10.2 9.5 11.1 10.3 10.8 12.4 11.6 11.1 13.3 12.2 7.0 6.4 6.7 3.6 3.0 3.3 0.30 0.64 0.50 0.86 1.86 1.42 T11 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 T12 : FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 T13 : FYM 7.5 t + 25:50:25 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 T14 : Absolute control BDLME - Bio-Digester Liquid Manure Equivalent Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 While, at Kathalagere, application of FYM 7.5 t ha-1 + cattle urine (equivalent to 75 kg N ha-1) had significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (293, 27 and 216 kg ha-1, respectively) as compared to recommended practice (FYM 10 t +100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1) (272, 21 and 182) after harvest of rice Hanumathappa et al., (2012) in coastal zone of Bramhavar, found that application of FYM 10 t ha-1 + cattle urine equivalent to 75 kg ha-1 increased the soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium (1.19 %, 296 kg ha-1 and 195 kg ha1 , respectively) as compared to initial status (0.55, 180 and 135) Surekha et al., (2011) found that, there was an increase in soil organic carbon, available N, P and K by 28, 7, 21, and 21 per cent with organics as compared to inorganics at the end of fourth year bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were higher under field bean than under aerobic rice crop This might be due to the fact that as field bean is a legume component which is known to release a part of unused NO3 fixed through symbiotic nitrogen fixation into the soil and also a lot of low molecular weight organic compounds are released to the soil as exudates These serve as a substrate to soil microbes and their population builds-up in the soil (Masood Ali et al., 2002) These results are in conformity with findings of Badole and More (2001) who reported that application of FYM 25 t ha-1 recorded higher population of Rhizobium, Azatobactor, fungi, actinomycetes, PSB and bacteria (10.5 x 103, 0.38 x 103, 6.7 x 103, 14.9 x 104, 29.1 x 104 and 62.5 x 104 cells g-1 soil, respectively) as compared to control treatment Soil microbial population Field trials at Kathalagere revealed that population of total bacteria (63.6 x 106 cfu g-1 soil), fungi (34 x 104 cfu g-1 soil), actinomycetes (53.7 x 104 cfu g-1 soil), nitrogen-fixers (59.2 x 105 cfu g-1 soil) and Psolublizers (51.9 x 105 cfu g-1 soil) were maximum with FYM 12.5 t ha-1 + cattle urine (equivalent to 125 kg N ha-1) and minimum of the same was found with recommended practice (FYM 10 t +100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1) Similarly, at the end of third year of organic farming in Naganahally, phenomenal increment in the population of Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB’s in irrigated soils was observed Mean increase in Rhizobium from 0.4 to 3.4 cfu x 106 per g soil Similarly, Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB’s increment was 0.8 to 2.2, 2.1 to 3.1 and 1.7 to 3.9 cfu x 106 per g soil, respectively (Reddy et al., 2010 and 2011) Further, in 30 years farming system trial at Rodale institute, USA, the soil health was highly improved in terms of soil aggregation, porosity, water holding capacity, nutrient balance and soil microbial biomass (Anon., 2011) Significantly higher population of bacteria (24.2 cfu X 105 g-1 of soil), fungi (16.4 cfu X 103 g-1 s of soil) and actinomycetes (11.2 cfu X 104 g-1 of soil) after harvest of aerobic rice was found with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 150 kg N ha-1 as compared to the recommended practice but was on par with FYM 12.5 t + BDLME to 125 kg N ha-1 (Table 3) In the same context, higher population of bacteria (25.8 cfu X 105 g-1 soil), fungi (17.4 cfu X 103 g-1 soil) and actinomycetes (12.2 cfu X 104 g-1 soil) after harvest of field bean were found with the application of FYM 10 t + BDLME to 35 kg N ha-1 as compared to that of recommended practice but was on par with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 but, was on par with FYM 10 t + BDLME to 30 kg N ha-1 (Table 4) The possible reason for relatively higher rate of multiplication of bacteria in FYM treated plot is that as FYM acted as organic substrate for stimulation of bacterial growth Moreover, in the present investigation, the population of 691 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(5): 684-693 Masood Ali, Ganeshmurhy A.N and Srinivasara, O 2002 Role of pulses in soil health and sustainable crop production Indian J Pulse Res., 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Asija, G.L 1959 A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils Curr Sci., 25: 259-260 Surekha, K., Jhansilakshmi, V., Somasekhar, N., Latha, P.C., Kumar, R.M., Shobha Rani, N., Rao, K.O and Viraktamath, B.C 2011 Status of organic farming and research experiences in rice J Rice Res., 3(1): 23-35 How to cite this article: Siddaram, V.C Reddy and Krishna Murthy, N 2017 Effect of Farmyard Manure and Biodigester Liquid Manure on Soil Health under Aerobic Rice – Field Bean Cropping Sequence Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 6(5): 684-693 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.078 693 ... Station, Mandya of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the ? ?Effect of farmyard manure and bio-digester liquid manure on the performance of aerobic rice – field bean cropping. .. V.C Reddy and Krishna Murthy, N 2017 Effect of Farmyard Manure and Biodigester Liquid Manure on Soil Health under Aerobic Rice – Field Bean Cropping Sequence Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 6(5): 684-693... Maya, M.R., Swati, V.W and Bharti, S.B 2005 Residual effect of long-term application of FYM on soil properties of Vertisols, yield, protein and oil content of soybean J Soils and Crops, 15(1): 155-159