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Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is one of the most important root vegetables of both tropical and temperate countries. Proportion of organic food consumers is increasing with the increasing awareness of health and food safety concerns. There is a widespread belief that organic food is substantially healthier and safer than conventional food and consumers are willing to pay significant price premiums to obtain it. Vegetables that are produced by using organic manures are gaining more importance because of less chemical residues and better taste.
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.127 Assessment of Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar under Integrated Nutrient Management Sudha Singh*, Ankita Mishra and Anurag Greene Department of Horticulture, BFIT Group of Institutions, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords INM, Organic, Inorganic fertilizer, Carrot, Daucus carota Article Info Accepted: 11 June 2020 Available Online: 10 July 2020 Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is one of the most important root vegetables of both tropical and temperate countries Proportion of organic food consumers is increasing with the increasing awareness of health and food safety concerns There is a widespread belief that organic food is substantially healthier and safer than conventional food and consumers are willing to pay significant price premiums to obtain it Vegetables that are produced by using organic manures are gaining more importance because of less chemical residues and better taste This experiment was conducted to study the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar at main Experimental Station, Department of Horticulture, BFIT Group of Institutions, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand (U.K), during the rabi season of 2018-19 The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatment combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients During experiment, growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, root length and root diameter was highest in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer kg/ha + 50% NPK) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS The root yield per hectare and dry weight of root was also recorded highest The quality characters TSS was recorded maximum in treatment T (FYM 20t/ha) On the basis of the investigation, it was concluded that carrot variety Pusa Kesar responded well in terms of growth, yield and quality, by the application of combination of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers in the respective treatments Introduction Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is one of the most important root vegetables of both tropical and temperate countries It belongs to the family Apiaceae having chromosome number 2n=18 The primary centre of origin of carrot ranges from Afghanistan to Mediterranean region and South-west Asia is the secondary centre of origin Carrot is used as a salad, cooked as vegetables preferably with potatoes and peas It is cultivated all over India for both forage and human consumption They have been used to control ulcers, eczema, boil and are used in cosmetics preparations to fight wrinkles It improves brain health, treating wounds, supporting better digestion, maintaining healthy hair and skin and 1086 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 lowering the risk of diabetes Vitamin A in carrot helps to prevent vision loss It contains appreciable amount of beta carotene (60500ppm); a precursor to vitamin A which prevents infection, some forms of cancer and improves vision, lycopene (50-100ppm) and lutein (1-5ppm) The anthocyanin content of black carrot ranges from 1750mg/100g They also contain vitamin C, B1 (thiamine) and B2 (riboflavin) Proportion of organic food consumers is increasing with the increasing awareness of health and food safety concerns There is a widespread belief that organic food is substantially healthier and safer than conventional food However carrot yield and nutritional quality are affected by the types of fertilizers applied Among the chemical constituents of the fertilizers, N plays a dominant role in affecting the nutritional quality Carrot root yield was improved by hundred percent recommended doses of N, P and K fertilizers compared to application of organic fertilizer alone As the root vegetables are an exhaustive crop, organic manures alone may not be able to supply the desired amount of nutrients to the crop So it has been found that neither the chemical fertilizers nor the organic manures alone can help to achieve sustainable crop production Instead of this, combined usages of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e., INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) practices will help to improve the soil health and nutrient availability, increase production and help to improve the quality of carrot (Ahmad et al., 2015) The basic principle of INM is “to use the land without abusing it” Integrated nutrient system is a holistic system approach focusing on the cropping system rather than an individual crop It not only involves identification and application of improved technologies but also the successful management of natural and renewable resources Materials and Methods The present investigation pertaining to the studies on the “Assessment of growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar under Integrated Nutrient Management” was conducted during 20182019 at main Experimental Station, Department of Horticulture, BFIT Group of Institution, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and 12 treatment combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients i.e., T1 (FYM 20t/ha), T2 (Vermicompost 5t/ha),T3 (FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha), T4 (FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer), T5 (Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer), T6 (FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer), T7 (Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer), T8 (FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer), T9 (FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK), T10 (Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) 50% NPK), T11 (FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) + 50% NPK), T12 (Full dose of NPK (60:80:75kg/ha) The variance of the measure of the variability and is defined as the average of the square deviation from the mean The analysis of variance was carried out as per methods suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1989) Results and Discussion Various treatments showed significant variations in growth attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to first root harvest, root length and root diameter The data on plant height and number of leaves per plant, recorded at different intervals revealed that these parameters in general progressively increased with the increase in age of crop till maturity 1087 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 Effect of organic fertilizers Maximum plant height 19.00cm, 41.61cm and 85.87cm was observed in treatment T8 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 1) Increase in number of leaves per plant 4.41, 10.49 and 18.03 was observed in treatment T8 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 2) Number of leaves per plant was increased significantly at 60 and 80 DAS, but not much effect was seen at 40 DAS Early maturity (81 days) to first root harvest was observed in treatment T2 (vermicompost 5t/ha) and T3 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha) as compared to other treatments (table 3) Among the various treatments of organic manure, T8 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) showed maximum root length (24.88 cm; table 3), root diameter (4.78 cm; table 4), root weight (119.75 g; table 5), root yield per plot (25.53 kg; table 6), root yield per hectare (312.76 q/ha; table 6) and dry weight of root (7.56 g; table 7) Maximum T.S.S (9.660brix) was observed in treatment T1 (FYM 20t/ha) (table 7) The minimum root forking percentage (5.23%) was recorded in treatment T7 (vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) (table 4) The minimum root cracking percentage (0.66%) was observed in the treatment T6 (FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) (table 5) Effect of inorganic fertilizers A significant increase in the plant height was observed as 16.55 cm, 35.99 cm and 75.88 cm in treatment T12 (60:80:75kg NPK/ha) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 1) The number of leaves per plant was recorded as 4.69, 11.57 and 18.86 in treatment T12 (60:80:75kg NPK/ha) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 2) Significantly late maturity (84.08 days) to first root harvest was observed by the application of 60:80:75kg NPK/ha (treatment T12) when compared with other treatments (table 3) Root length (23.72 cm; table 3), root diameter (4.39 cm; table 4), root weight (118.10 g; table 5), root yield per plot (20.183 kg; table 6), root yield per hectare (280.14 q/ha; table 6) and dry weight of root (6.83 g; table 7) was observed by the application of 60:80:75kg NPK/ha (treatment T12) The T.S.S is recorded as 7.830Brix by the application of inorganic fertilizer treatment T12 (60:80:75kg NPK/ha) (table 7) Root forking and root cracking percentage observed in treatment T12 (60:80:75kg NPK/ha) was 3.80 % (table 4) and 2.73 % (table 5) Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients The maximum plant height was recorded as 20.30 cm, 43.97 cm and 89.67 cm in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 1) The maximum number of leaves per plant was recorded as 4.73, 16.28 and 19.86 in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS (table 2) Among the treatment combinations, T4 (FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) was found to exhibit significantly early maturity (82.33 days) to first root harvest when compared with other treatment combinations (table 3) Root length (28.52 cm; table 3), root diameter (5.40 cm; table 4), root weight (122.86 g; table 5), root yield per plot (28.00 kg; table 6), root yield per hectare (388.63 q/ha; table 6) was observed in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) Dry weight of root (9.60 g) was observed in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) (table 7) Maximum T.S.S was observed as 9.000Brix in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) (table 7) 1088 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 Table.1 Plant height as affected by different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients at 40, 60 and 80 DAS Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% Plant height (cm) 40 DAS 13.40 14.77 15.17 15.20 16.33 15.67 17.33 19.00 17.20 17.00 20.30 Plant height (cm) 60 DAS 28.86 31.29 34.07 34.79 37.17 34.26 35.20 41.61 36.58 35.68 43.97 Plant height (cm) 80 DAS 69.61 70.17 72.63 73.96 77.72 73.83 70.02 85.87 76.57 77.99 89.67 16.55 16.49 0.45 1.33 35.99 35.79 0.81 2.37 75.88 76.16 1.26 3.68 Table.2 Number of leaves per plant as affected by different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient at 40, 60 and 80 DAS Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% 1089 Number of leaves/plant 40 DAS 4.08 3.87 4.13 4.37 4.38 4.22 4.27 4.41 4.42 4.71 4.73 Number of leaves/plant 60 DAS 7.47 7.92 8.63 9.52 9.78 8.66 8.82 10.49 10.56 12.20 16.28 Number of leaves/plant 80 DAS 14.63 15.00 15.00 15.00 17.16 15.33 15.40 18.03 18.10 19.30 19.86 4.69 4.36 0.43 NS 11.57 4.36 0.43 NS 18.86 16.87 1.11 3.27 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 Table.3 Harvest Index and root length (cm) as affected by the different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% Days to first root harvest (days) 83.00 81.00 81.00 82.33 84.00 84.33 84.66 82.00 86.00 86.33 88.00 Roof length (cm) 21.60 21.98 22.50 24.55 26.36 22.53 23.27 24.88 25.26 26.94 28.52 84.08 83.89 1.09 3.21 23.72 24.34 0.34 1.00 Table.4 Influence of different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on root diameter (cm) and root forking percentage Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% 1090 Root diameter (cm) 3.46 3.50 3.54 4.59 5.04 4.10 4.13 4.78 4.88 5.23 5.40 Root forking percentage 6.03 7.76 7.53 6.80 8.46 7.66 5.23 5.90 6.70 9.36 5.53 4.39 4.42 0.25 0.76 3.80 6.75 NS NS Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 Table.5 Effect of different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on root cracking percentage and root weight (g) Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% Root cracking percentage 3.45 2.60 2.03 2.20 3.75 0.66 2.11 1.59 2.51 2.61 2.63 Root weight (g) 2.73 2.40 NS NS 118.10 115.33 1.15 3.39 102.84 106.80 107.34 118.52 120.78 112.59 112.62 119.75 120.14 121.46 122.86 Table.6 Root yield per plot (kg) and root yield per hectare (q/ha) as influenced by the different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% 1091 Root yield per plot (kg) 14.433 16.150 16.896 21.466 24.333 18.316 18.816 25.533 22.866 26.450 28.000 Root yield per hectare (q/ha) 200.33 224.16 234.52 297.95 337.74 254.23 261.17 312.76 317.38 367.12 388.63 20.183 20.870 1.02 2.41 280.14 289.68 11.40 33.44 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(7): 1086-1093 Table.7 Dry weight of root (g) and total soluble solids (0brix) as affected by different treatments of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 Treatments FYM 20t/ha Vermicompost 5t/ha FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM 10t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2kg/ha) FYM10t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha) + 50% NPK Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (5kg/ha)+50% NPK FYM 10t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer (2.Kg/ha) + 50% NPK Full dose of NPK (60:80:75Kg/ha) GM SEm± CD at 5% The minimum root forking (5.53 %) was observed in treatment T11 (FYM 10t/ha + vermicompost 2.5t/ha + biofertilizer 2kg/ha + 50% NPK) (table 4) The minimum root cracking (2.20 %) was observed in treatment T4 (FYM 10t/ha + 50% NPK + biofertilizer 2kg/ha) (table 5) The above findings gave a clear indication that the application of organic manure along with inorganic fertilizers positively influences the growth and development This might be due to its positive role in increasing the plant height in association with other essential elements Organic fertigation also reduces the incidence of root cracking and root forking This finding is also in agreement with the findings of Sharma (1997), Jadhao et al., (1999), Thilakavathy and Ramaswamy (1999), Gupta and Sangar (2000), Singh and Singh (2000), Lyngdoh (2001), Netra Pal (2001), Sunandarani and Mallareddy (2007), Meena et al., (2007), Silva et al., (2010) Dry weight of root (g) 4.93 6.43 5.20 7.16 8.46 5.30 6.30 7.56 7.33 7.46 9.60 Total soluble solids (0brix) 9.66 8.00 9.13 8.83 8.00 8.33 7.33 8.66 8.83 7.83 9.00 6.83 6.88 0.83 2.45 7.83 8.40 NS NS On the basis of present investigation, it was concluded that carrot variety Pusa Kesar responded well in terms of growth, yield and quality, by the application of combination of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers Soil application of FYM 10 t/ha + vermicompost 2.5 t/ha + biofertilizer kg/ha + 30:40:37.5 kg NPK/ha gave the highest root yield of 388.63q/ha when compared with other treatments The quality of carrot was also superior in this treatment References Ahmad Tanveer, Muhammad Sohail Mazhar, Haider Ali, Asmat Batool, Waqas Ahmad (2015) Efficacy Of Fertilizer Management On Carrot Productivity and Quality, Sci Int (Lahore), 27 (5), 4321-4325 Gupta, C.R and Sangar, S.S (2000) Response of tomato to nitrogen and potassium fertilization 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18(2): 799-801 Sharma S.K (1997) A note on effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on radish seed crop Vegetable Science 24(2): 169 Singh, A.K and Singh, Akhilesh (2000) Influence of nitrogen and potassium on growth and head yield of Broccoli under low hills subtropical conditions of H.P Vegetable Science 27(1): 99-100 Sunandarani, N Mallareddy, K (2007) Effect of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(3): 686-688 How to cite this article: Sudha Singh, Ankita Mishra and Anurag Greene 2020 Assessment of Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar under Integrated Nutrient Management Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 9(07): 1086-1093 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.127 1093 ... investigation pertaining to the studies on the ? ?Assessment of growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar under Integrated Nutrient Management? ?? was conducted during 20182019... Mishra and Anurag Greene 2020 Assessment of Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) var Pusa Kesar under Integrated Nutrient Management Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 9(07): 1086-1093... yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(3): 686-688 How to cite this article: Sudha Singh, Ankita Mishra and Anurag Greene 2020 Assessment of Growth,