MECHANICAL APTITUDE AND SPATIAL RELATIONS TESTS For more than 70 years, BARRON’S experts have been helping students surpass their expectations on standardized tests This is the only book you’ll need to help practice for mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests Preparation for tests used by many industries and public agencies to screen applicants seeking jobs in manufacturing, maintenance, and skilled trades Eighteen practice tests are presented with all questions answered and explained Advice on methods to improve your mechanical comprehension and sharpen your aptitude for understanding spatial-relations problems Includes strategies for computerized tests BARRON’S GIVES YOU THE ANSWERS! Every question in this book comes with a comprehensive answer explanation EAN STUDYGREEN Printed on partially recycled paper Fully recyclable 4-0570-MechanicalApTest-fbs.indd All Pages $18.99 Canada $21.99 w w w b a r r o n s e d u c c o m PRINTED IN THE USA 3RD EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4380-0570-6 STUDYGREEN BARRON’S with BARRON’S Wiesen SCORE HIGHER BARRON’S The Leader in Test Preparation MECHANICAL APTITUDE AND SPATIAL RELATIONS TESTS MOST UP-TO-DATE REVIEW AND PRACTICE TESTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE 3RD EDITION Dr Joel Wiesen n 18 tests to help you determine your mechanical aptitude and spatial sense n All questions answered and explained n Tests typical of those given by private companies and public agencies to screen job applicants in areas that range from machinist to firefighter n Tips on ways to improve your mechanical aptitude 3/6/15 10:03 AM 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page i BARRON’S MECHANICAL APTITUDE AND SPATIAL RELATIONS TESTS 3RD EDITION Joel Wiesen, Ph.D Director, Applied Personnel Research 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page ii Acknowledgments I would like to heartily thank my good friends Charles Halbfinger and Cyd Josephy; a dear colleague, Laura Bradford; and my beloved and talented wife, Laura Wiesen, who provided many valuable suggestions while I was writing this book and helped edit and proof it © Copyright 2015, 2009 by Joel Wiesen © Previous edition copyright 2003 by Joel Wiesen under the title How to Prepare for the Mechanical Aptitude and Spatial Relations Tests All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner All inquiries should be addressed to: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc 250 Wireless Boulevard Hauppauge, New York 11788 www.barronseduc.com Request for Your Help If you take a mechanical aptitude or spatial ability test that looks different from the tests in this book, please let the author of this book know by sending a letter describing the new test to the Editorial Department at Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 250 Wireless Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788 www.barronseduc.com Or e-mail the author directly at JWiesen@appliedpersonnelresearch.com ISBN: 978-1-4380-0570-6 Library of Congress Catalog Card No 2008941098 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 987654321 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page iii Contents Introduction The Streetwise Test Taker How to Develop Your Mechanical Aptitude and Spatial Ability Mechanical General Understanding v 13 Jigsaw Puzzles 163 14 Hole Punching 179 11 15 Hidden Blocks 191 15 Counting Touching 16 Blocks 205 Making Rectangular 17 Boxes 213 Paper Folding— 18 Shape Known 225 Paper Folding— 19 Shape Unknown 241 51 Gears 69 Pulleys 87 Tools 103 Map Reading 123 Line Following 129 Matching Shapes 10 Visual Comparison 137 11 Finding Rotated Shapes 143 151 12 Cut-Ups 20 Parts Assembly Different Types 21 The of Computer-Based Tests Taking a Video-Based 22 Test 273 285 293 iii 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page iv iv Contents 23 Practice Tests General Mechanical Understanding Gears Pulleys Tools Map Reading Line Following Matching Shapes Visual Comparison Finding Rotated Shapes 305 307 315 325 335 343 355 361 371 379 Cut-Ups Jigsaw Puzzles Hole Punching Hidden Blocks Counting Touching Blocks Making Rectangular Boxes Paper Folding—Shape Known Paper Folding—Shape Unknown Parts Assembly Index 387 395 403 411 421 429 437 447 457 467 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page v Introduction W elcome to the world of mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests Whether you have an hour, a day, a week, or a month or more to prepare, you can use this book to help you your best on these tests Mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests look very different but try to measure the same basic ability People who well on one of these tests tend to well on the others These tests are different from math and biology tests which most people take in school Mechanical aptitude tests may ask about topics we learn about in school, but they also ask about topics we learn about outside of school as we play, cook, work, and live our lives Spatial ability tests usually ask questions about topics that are not taught in school This chapter gives you some basic background to help you understand and your best on these tests It also answers these questions: • What are mechanical aptitude tests? • What are spatial ability tests? • What jobs are these tests used for? • How can I use this book? TIP Try several ways to learn what the test will cover (See Chapter for details.) WHAT ARE MECHANICAL APTITUDE TESTS? Mechanical aptitude tests measure your aptitude for, or ability to learn about, mechanical concepts (how things work) These tests measure your knowledge of some widely known and understood mechanical and scientific concepts Often these tests use simple drawings to ask questions about practical, everyday situations Mechanical aptitude tests usually ask only one or two questions about a topic, and cover many topics This book will help you study the topics that are most often covered by this type of test Questions about gears, pulleys, and tools make up a large part of some tests This book has a chapter on each of these topics, including short lessons in many of them You might need to spend extra time studying and reviewing these chapters WHAT ARE SPATIAL ABILITY TESTS? Spatial ability tests measure your ability to think about how flat and solid objects can be rotated, put together, turned over, and folded Some tests ask about 2-D (flat) objects Other tests ask about 3-D (three-dimensional) or solid objects Other tests ask you to think about folding paper patterns into solid shapes Some tests (such as v 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page vi vi Introduction those on hidden blocks and touching blocks) ask you to think about blocks that are hidden by other blocks This book has a chapter on each of these types of questions WHAT JOBS ARE THESE TESTS USED FOR? Employers and schools often use tests to help decide who to hire for trainee and entry-level jobs or who to accept as students Each employer and school makes its own decisions on what tests to use Some companies and schools ask applicants to take several different tests, such as reading, math, and mechanical aptitude Employers often give mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests to applicants in many fields and for many different jobs, such as the following: Aerospace Engineer Aircraft Maintenance Trainee Aircraft Launch and Recovery Specialist Airplane Pilot Alarm System Installers Auto Mechanic Trainee Automotive and Heavy Equipment Mechanic CADD—Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Carpenter Trainee Communications Equipment Repairer Drafter Drafter’s Assistant Electrical Worker Firefighter Flight Engineer Helicopter Pilot Industrial Machinery Mechanic Trainee Machine Tool Technologist Machinist Maintenance Worker Manufacturing Technologist Marine Engine Mechanic Mechanic’s Helper Mechanic Trainee Mechanical Technician Trainee Plumber and Pipe Fitter Police Officer Power Plant Operator Powerhouse Mechanic Precision Instrument Repairer Production Trainee Production Worker Repair Worker Ship Engineer Skilled Trades Apprentice — plumber — electrician — mechanic — HVAC (heating/ventilation/ air-conditioning) — toolmaker — instrumentation — other skilled trades Transportation Maintenance Manager Water and Sewage Treatment Plant Operator Weapons Maintenance Technician 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page vii How Can I Use This Book? vii WHAT IS IN THIS BOOK? This book covers what you need to learn and study to help you your best on mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests This book includes chapters on • The Streetwise Test Taker This has tips for finding out what is on the test, preparing for the test, and not losing points when you take the test It also gives pointers on taking tests with short time limits HOW CAN I USE THIS BOOK? How you use this book depends on how much time you have to prepare If you have just an hour or two, look at the chapter or chapters that you think are most similar to the test you will be taking If you have a little more time, also take some of the practice tests at the end of the book If you have a day or more, read Chapter on being a streetwise test taker and some of the things suggested in that chapter If you have more time, spread out your preparation It is better to study for an hour on many days than to study for many hours on one day If you have a few weeks or more, read Chapter on how to develop your mechanical aptitude and spatial ability and some of the things suggested in that chapter Good luck! 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page viii 4-0570_MechApt_Ch01_p001-010_7-4108 p001-140 3/6/2015 5:56 PM Page The Streetwise Test Taker CHAPTER IMPORTANT WORDS IN THIS CHAPTER Adaptive Test Computerized Test Paper-and-Pencil Test Power Test Speeded Test T he streetwise test taker prepares in several ways to his or her best on the test This chapter gives you tips from some of the most experienced test experts in the world These tips will help you: • learn about the test(s) you will take • get ready for the test • avoid losing credit because of computer grading errors • deal with time limits • decide when to guess • get comfortable with the test This chapter is divided into nine parts: • How to Learn What the Tests Cover • Before the Test • What to Bring to the Test • When You Get to the Test Location TIP Talk to people who have taken the test • If You Are Taking a Computerized Test • Test Instructions • Test-Taking Strategies (including time limits and guessing) 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 459 Answer Sheet PRACTICE TEST Parts Assembly—Timed Test Time Limit: minutes Time Started: Time Ended: Time Spent Taking This Test: A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E 10 A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E 10 A B C D E Parts Assembly ✁ Parts Assembly—Untimed Test 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 460 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 461 Parts Assembly: Practice Test 461 PARTS ASSEMBLY: PRACTICE TEST Choose the object that can be made from the parts shown in the numbered box A C A B B C B-692 A B C B-693 B-695 D E B-694 B-697 B-696 C A B B A C A B C B-699 B-700 D E B-702 B-703 B-701 Parts Assembly B-698 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 462 462 Practice Tests A C B B C A D D B-704 A B C B-706 B-707 B-705 D E B-709 AB-708 C D C D B A B-710 A B C Parts Assembly B-711 B-713 B-712 D E B-714 B-715 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 463 Parts Assembly: Practice Test 463 B A E B D C C D A E B-716 A B C B-717 B-719 B-718 D E B-720 A C B B B-721 C D D A B-722 B B-723 D C B-724 E B-726 B-727 B-725 Parts Assembly A 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 464 464 Practice Tests A B C B A C B-728 A B C B-729 B-731 B-730 D E B-733 B-732 C A B B C D A D Parts Assembly B-734 A B C B-736 B-735 D E B-738 B-739 B-737 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 465 Parts Assembly: Practice Test 465 A B A C C B B-740 A B C B-741 B-742 B-743 D E B-745 B-744 10 B A C D A B C D B-746 B B-748 B-747 D C B-749 E The answers to the practice test questions are on the next page B-750 B-751 Parts Assembly A 4-0570_MechApt_Ch23_p305-466_7-4108 p283-444 3/6/2015 6:09 PM Page 466 466 Practice Tests Grading and Learning from the Practice Test on Parts Assembly (A) (D) (C) (B) (A) (B) (E) (D) (C) 10 (E) SUMMARIZE YOUR PERFORMANCE ON THE TIMED TEST Number of questions you answered in five minutes: _ Number of questions you got right: _ Number of questions you got wrong: _ Number of questions you left blank: _ REVIEW YOUR PERFORMANCE ON THE TIMED TEST Parts Assembly You should try to get a high score on this test If you got less than a perfect score, take the test a second time with no time limit An average score on this test is about six right If you answered fewer than eight questions in five minutes, you should try to work faster 4-0570_MechApt_Index_p467-470_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:36 PM Page 467 Index A AC (alternating current) electric generator, 21 power supply, 21 Adjustable wrench, 96 Allen wrench, 96 Apps, 12–13, 47 B Back diagonal view, 193 Ball-peen hammer, 90 Basic electricity, 17–18 Batteries connected wrong, 33–34 in holder, 21 in parallel, 22–23 in series, 22 Battery, 20–21, 24–26, 31–33 Belt pulleys, 41–42 Belts, 42 Block, 70–72 Bolt, 94–95 Box wrench, 95 C C-clamp, 98 Channel-Lock pliers, 91–92 Cheating, Circuit, 17, 23–24 Circular saw, 97 Classes, 14 Claw, 89 Claw hammer, 89, 98 Clockwise, 41, 54–55, 60–61 Closed circuits, 23–24 Closed position (on), 19 Combination wrench, 95, 98 Compass directions, 104–105 Complicated pulleys, 79 Computer-based test See also Test taking; Videobased test answers, reviewing your, 289 definition of, new computer user, 291–292 readiness for, 289–291 set-up of, 286–288 what not to do, 292 what tests look like, 285–286 Conductor, 17 Counterclockwise, 41, 54–55, 60–61 Counting blocks, 192, 196–197 sides, 244 touching blocks, 205–210 Crescent wrench, 88, 96 Crossing lines, 124 Cut-ups, 151–158 D Diagonal fold, 181–182 Doing, 12 Double pulley, 74, 79–80 Double spur gear, 59–60 Drawings side by side, 245 Driver/follower, 53 E East, 104–105 Electrical circuit parts, 17–18, 22–23 hardware on test, 19–23 load, 29–30 path, 17–18, 24, 27–28, 31 switch, 19–20 symbols, 18–19, 22 Electric drill, 97 Electric saber saw, 97 467 4-0570_MechApt_Index_p467-470_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:36 PM Page 468 468 Index F Facedown, 229–230 Fasteners, 94–95 Filament, 24 Fill-in-the-blank questions, 285–286 FireTEAM Practice Test, 302 Fixed pivot, 40 Flat-head screwdriver, 93 Flat shapes, 145–147 Flip, 165, 170 Folding pattern for box, 214–216 Front diagonal view, 193 Fuse, 22 Fuse holder, 22 G Gears, 17, 51–64 with missing teeth, 62 Glue gun, 98 Gravity, 34–37 Groove, 41 Ground, 23 Guessing, H Hacksaw, 93, 99 Hammer face, 89–90 Hammer head, 89–90 Hammers, 89–90 Hidden blocks, 191–198 Hole punching, 179–185 Horizontal fold, 181–182 Horseshoe magnet, 43 I Important words, 15 Incandescent lightbulb, 24–26 Inside out, 229–230, 244 Intent of questions, 15 Internal gear, 61–62 J Jigsaw, 97 Jigsaw puzzles, 163–174 Jobs requiring tests, vi Jumper, 123–124 K Knife switch, 19 L Legend, 109–110 Level, 90–91 Levers, 37–40 Lightbulb, 24–26 in holder, 19 Line following, 123–125 Load, 17–18, 22–23 Locking pliers, 92 M Machine screw, 94 Magnets, 43 Map question rule, 106–108 reading, 103–116 symbols, 109 Matching shapes, 129–133 Mating gears, 53, 61 Measuring tools, 90–91 Mechanical aptitude, 11–14 Mechanical aptitude test, v, 87, 293–294 Mechanics of everyday objects, 43–45 Miter gear, 58 Motion, 45 Move, 165, 169 N Needle-nose pliers, 91–92 Negative pole, 31–32, 34 9-volt battery, 20, 31 Nonadjustable wrench, 95 Non-fixed pivot, 40 North, 104–105, 113 Northeast, 110–112 Northwest, 110–112 Nut, 94–95 O 1½ volt battery, 20, 31 110-volt power, 21 On-off knife switch, 19 On-off toggle switch, 20 Open circuit, 23–24, 26–27 4-0570_MechApt_Index_p467-470_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:36 PM Page 469 Index Open-ended wrench, 95 Open position (off ), 19 P Paper folding shape known, 225–234 shape unknown, 241–246 Parallel circuit, 25–26, 28–29, 32–33 Partly hidden blocks, 195, 209 Parts assembly, 273–279 Path of electricity, 17, 22–23 Pattern folding, 231 Patterns, 217 Pendulum, 36–37 Phillips screwdriver, 94 Physics of everyday objects, 43–45 Pipe wrench, 96 Pivot points, 37–41 Pliers, 91–92 Positive pole, 31–32, 34 Power source, 18, 22–23 Practice questions, using, 47, 64 Pulleys, 17, 69–81 R Reading, 13–14 Rechargeable battery, 97 Rectangular boxes, 213–220 Retractable rule, 90–91 Rotate, 165 Rotated shapes, 143–148 Rotating, 144–145 Rotations per second, 57 Rubber mallet, 90 S Saber saw, 97 Saws, 92–93 Scissors, 39–40 Screwdrivers, 93–94 Screws, 94–95 Series circuit, 25, 27–29, 32 Shaft, 53 Short circuit, 29–31 Side view, 195 Single pulley, 71–73, 80 6-volt battery, 21 469 Skipping questions, Sledgehammer, 90 Slip-joint pliers, 91–92 Slotted screwdriver, 93 Small electrical power tools, 88, 97 Socket wrench, 96 Solid shapes, 226 Source of electricity, 17 South, 104–105 Southeast, 110–112 Southwest, 110–112 Spatial ability, 11–14 Spatial ability test, v–vi Speed of gears, 55 Spur gear, 52, 59–60 Square, 90–91 Square gear, 62 Stable, 75–78 Stilson wrench, 96 Supporting block, 191 Switch, 18, 22–23 T Teeth, 52, 55–61 Temporary lever, 38–39 Test taking See also Computer-based test; Video-based test answer, best, 242–244 answers, checking your, answer sheet, 7–8 practice questions, using, 47, 64, 81, 99, 115, 125, 133, 140, 148, 158, 185, 198, 210, 220, 234, 246, 279 rules for questions, 106–108, 132, 152–153, 165–166, 206–207 suggested approach, 139, 147–148, 154, 167, 182–184, 208, 219, 233, 276–278 test, after the, 8–9 test, before the, 2–3 test, day of the, test, writing on the, test instructions, test location, 4–5 test-taking strategies, 5–6 time limit, 6, 47, 64, 81, 99, 114, 125, 139, 148, 158, 174, 185, 198, 210, 220, 233, 245, 278 4-0570_MechApt_Index_p467-470_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:36 PM Page 470 470 Index tips for questions, 1–2, 63, 80, 114, 125, 132, 138, 148, 158, 173, 184, 198, 210, 220, 233, 278 week before the test, what questions ask, 15, 51, 69 what questions measure, 16–17 what tests cover, what tests look like, 16, 51–52, 69–70, 88, 103–104, 123–124, 129–131, 137, 143–144, 151–152, 163–164, 179–180, 205–206, 213–214, 225–226, 273–274 what to bring to test, what to to prepare, 46, 63, 80, 99, 114, 125, 139, 148, 158, 173, 185, 198, 210, 219, 233, 245, 278 what to learn to better, 46, 63, 80, 114, 132, 139, 148, 172, 198, 209, 219, 233, 245, 278 Thinking, 14 Three pulleys, 74–75 Toggle switch, 20 Tongue-and-groove pliers, 92 Tools, 87–99 Touching blocks, 205–210 Turn, 169 Turning over, 144–145 12-volt battery, 32 Two batteries, 31 V Vertical fold, 181–182 Video-based test See also Computer-based test; Test taking control room question, 302 diagrams, 299–300 general questions, 297–298 introduction, 296–297 mechanical aptitude test, 293–294 model factory question, 293–295 on-line FireTEAM Practice Test, 302 problems with station, 301–302 questions asked, 293 test cost, 303 test location, 302 test purchase, 302 tips for taking, 303 what questions measure, 296 what tests look like, 293–294 Vise-grip pliers, 91–92 Visual comparison, 137–140 W Washers, 95 Watching, 11–12 Weight times distance, 37 West, 104–105 Wheel, 70–72 Wing nut, 95 Wires making connection, 21 Wires not making connection, 22 Wood saw, 93 Wood screw, 94 Worm gear, 62 Wrenches, 95–96 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Every question in this book comes with a comprehensive answer explanation EAN STUDYGREEN Printed on partially recycled paper Fully recyclable 4-0570-MechanicalApTest-fbs.indd All Pages $18.99 Canada $21.99 w w w b a r r o n s e d u c c o m PRINTED IN THE USA 3RD EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4380-0570-6 STUDYGREEN BARRON’S with BARRON’S Wiesen SCORE HIGHER BARRON’S The Leader in Test Preparation MECHANICAL APTITUDE AND SPATIAL RELATIONS TESTS MOST UP-TO-DATE REVIEW AND PRACTICE TESTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE 3RD EDITION Dr Joel Wiesen n 18 tests to help you determine your mechanical aptitude and spatial sense n All questions answered and explained n Tests typical of those given by private companies and public agencies to screen job applicants in areas that range from machinist to firefighter n Tips on ways to improve your mechanical aptitude 3/6/15 10:03 AM ... take several different tests, such as reading, math, and mechanical aptitude Employers often give mechanical aptitude and spatial ability tests to applicants in many fields and for many different... to learn what the test will cover (See Chapter for details.) WHAT ARE MECHANICAL APTITUDE TESTS? Mechanical aptitude tests measure your aptitude for, or ability to learn about, mechanical concepts...4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108 pi-viii 3/6/2015 5:51 PM Page i BARRON’S MECHANICAL APTITUDE AND SPATIAL RELATIONS TESTS 3RD EDITION Joel Wiesen, Ph.D Director, Applied Personnel Research 4-0570_MechApt_FM_pi-viii_7-4108