System design for telecommunication gateways

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come SYSTEM DESIGN FOR TELECOMMUNICATION GATEWAYS Alexander Bachmutsky Nokia Siemens Networks, USA A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come SYSTEM DESIGN FOR TELECOMMUNICATION GATEWAYS P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come SYSTEM DESIGN FOR TELECOMMUNICATION GATEWAYS Alexander Bachmutsky Nokia Siemens Networks, USA A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come This edition first published 2011 C 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought This publication is not authorized or endorsed by Nokia Siemens Networks Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bachmutsky, Alexander System design for telecommunication gateways / Alexander Bachmutsky p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-470-74300-3 (cloth) Gateways (Computer networks) Internetworking (Telecommunication) Telecommunication systems–Design and construction I Title TK5105.543.B33 2010 004.6–dc22 2010022114 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Print ISBN 9780470743003 (H/B) ePDF ISBN: 9780470710753 oBook ISBN: 9780470710746 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come This book is dedicated to my parents, Sophie and Victor, for their unconditional and unlimited love and support I love you very much P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xvii Abbreviations xix Introduction 2.1 2.2 2.3 System View System Architecting Platform-Based Approach System Verification 3 14 3.1 Hardware Technologies and Platforms Different Form Factors 3.1.1 Proprietary 1U/2U/4U Chassis 3.1.2 Standard-Based Systems 3.1.3 IBM Blade Center 3.1.4 Comparison of Form Factors Stacking Chassis Cluster Computing Inter-Blade Interconnect 3.4.1 Switch Fabric Technologies 3.4.2 Bandwidth Estimation and QoS in the Switch Fabric 3.4.3 Commercial Switch Fabric Hardware Solutions for Data, Control and Management Planes Processing 3.5.1 General Purpose CPUs 3.5.2 FPGAs and ASICs 3.5.3 Network Processors 3.5.4 Classification Processors and Co-Processors 3.5.5 Content Processors 3.5.6 Multicore Processors 3.5.7 Graphic Processors 3.5.8 Massively Parallel Processor Array Chips 3.5.9 Traffic Management 17 17 18 35 80 83 84 86 88 89 94 97 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 105 108 110 134 158 160 189 275 286 287 P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 15:13 Printer Name: Yet to Come viii Contents 3.5.10 3.5.11 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Data Plane and Control Plane Scalability Redundancy for Carrier Grade Solutions Software Technologies and Platforms Basic Software Platform 4.1.1 Operating Systems 4.1.2 Networking Stacks Expanded Software Platform 4.2.1 Middleware 4.2.2 Management Plane 4.2.3 Deep Packet Inspection and Other Software Single-Threaded and Multi-X Software Designs 4.3.1 Industry Opinions about Different Design Types 4.3.2 Single-Threaded Design 4.3.3 Multi-Threaded Design 4.3.4 Multi-Process Design 4.3.5 Multi-Instance Design 4.3.6 Co-Location and Separation of Platform and Application 4.3.7 Multicore Design 4.3.8 Fine-Grained Task-Oriented Programming Model 4.3.9 Multicore Performance Tuning Partitioning OS and Virtualization 4.4.1 Commercial and Open Source Embedded Hypervisor Offerings 4.4.2 Hypervisor Benchmarking 297 298 303 303 303 309 317 318 402 412 417 418 419 423 425 428 432 434 436 443 449 459 463 References 465 Trademarks 467 Index 469 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index Access control list (ACL), 45, 85, 87, 99–102, 103, 147, 148, 153, 160, 268, 269 Architecture software architecture, 224, 419, 445, 446, 456 system architecture, 1, 3, 4, 38–40, 95, 156, 205, 240, 283, 294, 319, 418 Gaudi project, 4, 5, 10 system architecture forum, Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), 191, 203, 226, 232, 307–9, 312, 347, 436, 457, 463 Authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA), 6, 149, 157, 203, 310, 314, 329, 330, 369–72, 399, 405–6, 410, 411, 424, 430, 453 348, 357, 361, 370, 372, 402, 418, 422–4, 428–34, 448, 453, 458–9 Cryptography, 6, 26, 57, 78, 105, 109, 117, 136, 138, 149, 155, 157, 165, 194, 203, 211, 214–15, 217–18, 233, 238, 240, 243–5, 247, 254, 256, 264, 268, 271–2, 274, 287, 289, 297, 304, 310, 314, 329, 370, 391, 406, 421–2, 447 Data plane, 8, 10, 20–1, 33–4, 44, 71, 75, 77, 79–80, 87–8, 105, 107, 123–4, 134–8, 141, 150, 155, 158, 193–4, 200–2, 208, 213, 221–2, 226, 233, 240, 256, 268, 270–3, 294, 297, 303, 306–12, 348, 357, 361, 370, 372, 402, 418, 422–3, 428, 431, 433–4, 436, 444, 448, 452–4, 456–9, 463 Bound multiprocessing (BMP), 203, 308, 435 Classification, 21–3, 73–4, 87, 98–9, 101, 105, 136, 144, 146–9, 152–3, 157–60, 165, 188, 193, 203, 209, 222–4, 240–2, 259–60, 263, 272, 288–9, 297, 307, 314, 316, 402, 412, 415, 436, 454–6 Control plane, 10, 21, 34, 44, 79–80, 88, 96, 105, 107, 134, 136, 138, 142, 152, 155–8, 194, 200, 202, 208, 213, 217, 221–2, 226, 240, 256–8, 268, 270, 272–3, 297, 303–4, 307–8, 311–13, Extensible markup language (XML), 21, 136, 141, 167, 168, 170, 171, 180, 233, 268, 297, 314, 325, 338, 358, 368, 369, 386, 395, 401, 407, 408, 410, 411, 465 Document Type Definition (DTD), 408, 411 Examplotron, 408 RELAX NG, 408 Schematron, 408 simple object access protocol (SOAP), 314, 325, 408 XML schema, 408, 410, 411 XML-RPC, 408 System Design for Telecommunication Gateways Alexander Bachmutsky C 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 469 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 470 Extensible markup language (cont.) XPath, 168, 171, 407, 411 XSLT data transformation, 407, 411 Hardware acceleration, 18, 21–3, 59, 107, 128, 132, 136, 138, 142, 150, 155, 169–71, 176, 180–1, 187, 203, 205, 208, 211–22, 232, 238–41, 245, 254, 256, 259, 266, 271–4, 277, 305, 314, 347, 412, 427, 445, 447, 455 AdvancedTCA (ATCA), 6, 8, 9, 23, 36–7, 40–6, 48, 50–1, 55, 57–8, 60–1, 65–9, 71–3, 75–6, 78–80, 82–4, 88–9, 188, 204, 214, 275, 298–300, 364, 379, 395, 454 rear transition module (RTM), 42, 43, 71, 72, 75, 77, 78, 82 ASIC, 23, 24, 29, 72–4, 77, 79, 87, 95, 97, 105–7, 110–3, 132–4, 136–8, 140, 160, 180, 256, 259–60, 271, 297, 422 ASSP, 107, 111–12 backplane, 8, 10, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 51, 55–8, 61, 66, 68–9, 75, 77, 83–5, 88–9, 97, 104–5, 157, 187, 300 blades, 6, 8–10, 15, 21–2, 35, 41–4, 48, 50–1, 58, 60, 64, 70–3, 75–84, 87–8, 95, 97, 107, 126, 128, 136, 155, 171, 187, 204, 233, 271, 291–2, 294, 298–300, 322, 347–8, 350–1, 367–8, 375–6, 392, 394, 396, 399, 403, 431, 455 cache, 13, 29, 33, 38–9, 52, 71, 73, 81, 87, 107, 125, 128, 130, 141, 156, 177, 180, 192–4, 196–204, 207, 210, 212–15, 219–23, 226–9, 232, 240, 242–4, 248, 251–6, 259–64, 267–9, 273, 282–6, 312, 316–7, 346, 355, 370, 400, 444–9, 457 chassis, 8, 17–8, 21–3, 40–2, 78, 83–5, 87–8, 188, 283, 298, 300, 322, 348, 350, 367–8, 380, 390, 394, 396, 400, 403, 431 direct memory access, 13, 20, 34, 47–50, 55, 73, 87, 105, 182, 185, 204, 219, 230, 232, 243, 245, 248, 268, 289, 348, 402, 458 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index DSP, 18, 40, 42, 52, 56–8, 65, 77, 107, 110, 120, 123, 126, 127, 204, 233, 246, 264, 277, 308, 389, 394, 463 field replaceable unit (FRU), 43–4, 66, 69, 363, 379–80 form factor 12U, 41, 42, 71, 75, 78, 80 1U, 18, 23, 26, 41, 83, 84, 283 2U, 18, 23, 26, 41, 75, 126, 187 3U, 39, 41, 78 4U, 18, 24, 26, 41 5U, 41, 42, 75, 78 6U, 37, 39 pizza box, 18, 20, 23, 26, 83, 84, 88, 148 FPGA, 63, 65, 77, 79, 87, 95, 97, 107–8, 110–20, 123, 124, 126–33, 140, 160, 180, 198, 221, 238–9, 271, 294, 296–8, 362, 376, 422 Block RAM, 115, 118, 127–9 look up table (LUT), 114, 118, 120–3, 125, 126 graphics processing unit (GPU), 140, 193, 197, 275–86, 417 input/output (I/O), 23, 29, 34, 36, 37, 40, 50, 61, 62, 65, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 105, 107, 114, 127, 130, 132, 137, 151, 176, 196, 212, 219–21, 229, 234, 242, 254, 256–7, 259, 261, 263–4, 271, 277, 304, 322, 361, 376, 396, 449, 450, 458, 462 interconnect, Gigabit ethernet, 20, 21, 23, 24, 39, 44, 62, 64–7, 71, 72, 74–8, 80, 81, 97–9, 143–5, 148, 149, 152, 154, 156, 158, 187, 204, 212–15, 222, 240, 243, 259, 261, 263, 272, 348 10 Gigabit 10GBASE-KR, 46, 75 10 Gigabit 10GBASE-KX4, 44 10 Gigabit ethernet, 21, 23, 24, 44, 46, 61, 66–7, 71–8, 81, 89, 97–100, 104, 117, 126, 145, 148, 152, 154, 158, 159, 204, 213–15, 222, 240, 256, 259, 261, 272, 296, 304 100 Mbps fast ethernet, 26, 70, 77, 100, 152, 158, 212, 213, 259, 294, 296 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index 40 Gigabit 40GBASE-KR4, 8, 44, 46, 75, 153–4 advanced switching, 39, 51–5, 66 Aurora, 127, 132 common switch interface (CSIX), 61, 96–7, 106 CX4, 100, 126 E1, 75, 143, 158, 296 E3, 143, 158 ECTF H.110, 51, 62 ethernet, 13, 19–21, 23, 24, 26, 38, 39, 43–8, 58, 61–2, 64–7, 70–81, 89, 97–101, 103–4, 108, 117, 126, 127, 132, 135, 140, 143–5, 148, 149, 152–4, 156–9, 187, 204, 212–5, 222–3, 240, 242–5, 256, 259, 261, 263, 272, 296, 299, 304, 311, 313, 316, 344, 348, 351, 355, 364, 367, 368, 377, 395, 400, 458 Fibre Channel, 39, 44, 50, 66, 71, 80–1, 89, 97, 377, 405 GMII, 144 HiGig, 76, 77, 98–100, 296 HyperTransport, 79, 117, 129–30, 244 InfiniBand, 39, 47, 48–51, 81, 87, 89, 233 Interlaken, 58, 107, 117, 141, 154, 155, 211, 215, 222, 228, 246, 263 ISA, 37–9, 64 LA-1, 144, 155, 160, 221, 244, 246 Myrinet, 81 network processing forum streaming interface (NPSI), 96 OC-12, 21, 60, 97, 143, 156, 158 OC-192, 21, 60, 97, 143, 154 OC-3, 21, 143, 156 OC-48, 21, 60, 97, 143, 156 OC-768, 153–4 PCI, 13, 19, 24, 26, 29, 36–40, 50–4, 58, 61, 62, 64–7, 69, 71, 75, 89, 96, 107, 117, 120, 126–8, 132, 155, 156, 158, 181, 183–5, 212–5, 222, 223, 239–40, 242–4, 246, 254, 256, 259, 261, 263, 283, 297, 304, 344, 348, 364, 368, 414, 444, 454, 458 CompactPCI, 36, 38–40 471 CompactPCI Express, 39–40 PCI bridge, 37, 52 PCI Express (PCIe), 13, 24, 26, 29, 37, 39, 51–3, 58, 62, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 89, 96, 107, 117, 120, 126–8, 132, 155, 158, 181, 183–5, 213–15, 222, 223, 240, 242–3, 246, 254, 261, 283, 304, 348, 364, 368, 454, 458 PCI-X, 19, 24, 37, 39, 51, 61, 62, 117, 181, 212, 213, 222, 223, 244 POS-PHY, 62 PRS, 58–61, 90, 97–8 RapidIO, 39, 55–9, 62, 66, 67, 89, 132, 158, 240, 242–3, 246, 368, 395, 400 RMII, 62 RXAUI, 103, 215 SGMII, 100, 103, 148, 214, 215 SPAUI, 103, 104, 154 StarFabric, 39, 51, 55 system packet interface level (SPI-3), 143, 144, 156, 158 system packet interface level (SPI-4), 60, 105, 144, 152, 155, 213, 221, 222, 244 T1, 75, 143, 158, 296 T3, 143, 158 USB, 26, 64, 212, 213, 243 UTOPIA, 62, 158 XAUI, 24, 46, 58, 66, 76, 100, 103, 104, 107, 117, 127, 154, 155, 183–5, 213–15, 243, 263, 272 iWARP, 47–9, 87, 105 line cards, 8, 58, 60, 75, 87, 95, 103, 137, 148–9, 154, 259, 291–3, 311, 313 memory, DDR2, 67, 71, 75, 77, 117–18, 126, 128–30, 132, 157, 182, 192, 210, 212–14, 221, 233, 240, 242–3, 252, 254, 261 DDR3, 75, 117, 119, 120, 128, 149, 153, 156, 184, 210, 214, 215, 240, 245, 263, 278, 296, 317 ECC, 23, 29, 39, 144, 184, 210, 233, 240, 242–4, 263, 267, 284 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 472 Hardware (Cont.) FB-DIMM, 23, 24, 26, 71, 192, 254, 256 GDDR3 278, 282 GDDR5 278 parity protection, 184 RLDRAM, 76, 117, 128, 129, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 176, 182, 213, 221 SRAM, 101, 117, 119, 132, 144, 146, 160, 210, 244, 288 mezzanine, 26, 36, 40, 42–3, 58, 61–7, 69, 70, 78–9, 159 advanced mezzanine card (AMC), 42–4, 65–9, 71, 75, 84, 204, 214, 275 computer-on-module (COM), 64–5, 119 PC* MIP, 62 PCI mezzanine cards (PMC), 19, 61–3, 66, 69, 84 PCI telecom mezzanine card (PTMC), 61, 62 Processor PMC (PrPMC), 61–3 switched mezzanine card (XMC), 61–3 system-on-module (SOM), 64 MPPA, 194, 198, 199, 286–7 NEBS, 7, 18, 23, 26, 36, 71, 80, 82, 376 network processor (NPU), 20–1, 40, 42, 58, 61, 65, 67, 75, 77, 81–2, 84, 87, 95–8, 105–7, 111–13, 134–58, 160, 166, 169, 171, 183, 193, 203, 208, 217, 227, 238–9, 241, 259–60, 271, 287–8, 292–4, 297, 349, 412, 416–17, 422, 466 processor, core/multicore, 18–24, 30, 32, 56–67, 71, 75–82, 84, 87, 106–7, 110–11, 128–9, 134, 138, 140–1, 149–50, 155–6, 158, 176, 185, 189–287, 297, 299, 304, 306–12, 316, 322 346, 347, 361–2, 368, 376–400, 402–3, 418–19, 424, 428, 431–6 instruction set architecture (ISA), 105, 108–10, 216, 217, 227, 244, 256–7, 260, 264 ARM, 108–10, 149, 150, 156, 194, 197, 212, 256, 259, 286–8, 308, 460, 461, 463 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index complex instruction set computing (CISC), 108, 109 MIPS, 18, 20, 108–10, 156, 158, 194, 197, 199, 200–2, 216–21, 224, 226, 227, 230, 243–4, 256–7, 259–60, 264, 266, 308, 389, 394, 460, 461, 463 Power PC, 20–1, 108, 128, 144, 156, 203, 210, 227, 229, 233, 308, 389, 394, 396, 460, 461, 463 reduced instruction set computing (RISC), 109, 128, 136–8, 198, 246–7, 256 SPARC, 23–34, 71–3, 108, 128, 140, 194, 197, 200, 217, 246, 251–7, 277, 298, 303–4, 394, 396, 460–1, 463 very long instruction word (VLIW), 150, 256–8, 260, 262, 278 x86, 23, 78, 108, 109, 129–30, 132, 156, 182, 194, 197, 205, 206, 238, 264, 266, 282, 284, 286, 308, 344, 389, 394, 396, 412, 455, 460, 461, 463 L1 cache, 13, 96, 141, 156, 194, 201, 202–4, 207, 210, 213–15, 219, 229, 240–4, 253, 256, 260, 263–4, 267, 273, 283–4, 346, 420, 435, 444, 445, 447–8 L2 cache, 29, 71, 107, 128, 141, 156, 158, 177, 193–4, 202, 203, 207, 210, 212–15, 219, 220, 223, 229, 240–4, 252, 254, 260, 263–4, 267–8, 273, 284, 420, 445, 447–8 L3 cache, 194, 202, 240, 244, 263, 273, 346, 420 multithreading, 20, 30, 73, 84, 140, 151, 189, 192, 199–202, 217, 225, 234, 251–2, 418, 435, 461 blocked multithreading, 199–200 instruction level parallelism, 30, 197, 200, 417 interleaved multithreading, 199 dynamic interleaving, 199 static interleaving, 199 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index simultaneous multithreading (SMT), 200 hyper-threading technology (HTT), 200 thread level parallelism, 199 pipeline, 30, 32, 105, 125, 146, 157, 189, 192, 199–201, 215, 217–18, 229–30, 242, 246, 251, 253–4, 266, 273, 284, 304, 417, 420, 423 translation look-aside buffer (TLB), 201, 205–7, 215, 217, 244, 251, 253, 266–7, 350, 435, 444, 446 remote DMA (RDMA), 47–50, 87, 105 SerDes, 46, 63, 103, 104, 110, 114, 117, 214, 215, 228, 297 stacking, 21, 84–6 storage hard drive, 21, 29, 43, 66, 71, 81, 299, 344–5, 358, 362, 373, 375–6 iSCSI, 81, 213, 259, 376 RAID, 59, 211, 213, 214–15, 245, 299 solid state drive, 26, 375 switch fabric, 53, 58, 60, 62–3, 67, 78, 80–1, 87, 89–106, 136, 139–40, 149, 290–3, 297 Banyan network, 92–4 Bense network, 94 buffered, 91 Clos network, 92, 93, 100 dual-star, 53–4, 68, 88–9 mesh, 53–4, 68, 88–9, 95, 97, 103, 105, 130, 291 shared memory, 58–9, 90, 91, 97, 100–2, 104 star, 53–5, 68, 88 Harvard architecture processors, 286 Layer 2, 71, 75, 77, 79–81, 85, 87, 99–103, 107, 135, 144, 147–9, 153, 157–60, 164, 166, 212, 222, 223, 240, 268–9, 271, 310, 316, 350, 400, 413, 433, 462 switching, 39, 54, 56, 71, 75, 89 Layer 3, 45, 71, 77, 79–81, 85, 87, 99–103, 107, 135, 147, 148, 157, 159, 160, 164, 166, 212, 222, 240, 268–9, 271, 433 473 IPv4, 34, 71, 77, 79, 98, 99, 101, 103, 135, 148, 149, 153, 158–60, 188, 203, 222, 227, 229, 307, 308, 310, 311, 313–16, 405, 420, 421 IPv6, 34, 71, 77, 79, 98, 99, 101, 103, 135, 148, 149, 153, 158, 160, 188, 203, 222, 307, 308, 310, 311, 313–16, 421 Management plane, 8, 17, 20, 77, 82, 136, 149, 201, 303, 350, 369, 402–12, 419, 453, 456, 458 Massively parallel processor arrays (MPPA), 194, 198, 199, 286–7 Mean time between failures (MTBF), 299, 376, 435 Mobility, 311, 361, 424, 453 Network address translation (NAT), 45, 77, 142, 149, 270, 310, 313–16, 421 Non-uniform memory access (NUMA), 252, 304 Parallelism, 30, 32 data level parallelism, 137, 268, 275, 417 instruction level parallelism, 197, 200, 417 multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD), 197, 198, 286 single instruction multiple data (SIMD), 194, 197, 230, 231, 247, 257, 260, 262, 279, 417 task/thread level parallelism, 30, 199, 200, 268, 275, 417 Peer-to-peer (P2P), 10, 23, 53, 162, 164–6, 185–7, 412, 413, 415 PICMG, 36–40, 44–5, 47, 50–2, 54, 55, 58, 60, 64, 66 Products 3COM, 50, 84–6, 401 expandable resilient networking (XRN), 85, 86 6WIND, 307, 310–13, 314 6WINDGate, 310–13 EDS, 312 SDS, 312 fast path virtual interface, 312 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 474 Products (cont.) Achronix, 111, 114–19 Bridge100, 117, 119 picoPIPE, 114, 115 Speedster, 117–19 SPD60, 117–18 Advanced micro devices (AMD), 23, 64, 80–1, 128, 193, 197, 199, 204–7, 233, 275–81, 420, 452 Istanbul, 204 Opteron, 71, 80–1, 128, 199, 204, 205, 233 RV770, 278 stream processor, 276, 278–80 thread processor, 278–80 Advantech, 18–20, 24, 84, 299, 346 NCP-3108, 20 NCP-5120, 18–20, 24, 84, 346 Alcatel-Lucent, 55, 401 Altera, 112–13, 119–26, 133, 288–9, 296 HardCopy, 133 Nios II soft processor, 124–6 PicaRISC, 123 Stratix IV, 119–23, 125 Altibase, 401 Altova, 410 XMLSpy, 373, 410 Anagran, 163, 186, 187 fast flow technology, 186 Apache, 373, 410 AppliedMicro, 57, 58, 60, 61, 90, 97, 98, 143–5, 208–10, 308, 422 460GT, 57, 58 message passing architecture (MPA), 208 nP3710, 60–1 nP5, 143 nP7310, 143, 145 nPcore, 143, 144 nPsoft, 144 PRS fabric, 58–61 Queue Manager QM-Pro, 208, 209 Titan, 210 Argtable, 410 Aricent, 35 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index ASIS, 41, 42 BEEcube Inc., 126 BEE3, 126 Bivio Networks, 18, 20–23, 160, 412 application service gateway, 23 DPI application platform, 20 BlackRay, 401 BLADE Network Technologies (BNT), 81 Boot manager GRand unified bootloader (GRUB), 344, 345 Linux loader (LILO), 344, 345 U-boot, 344, 345 YAMON, 344 Broadcom, 61, 75–7, 96–100, 136–7, 296–7, 458 BCM56317, 77 BCM56720, 100 BCM56801, 76 BCM56820, 99, 100 BCM88020, 98, 99 BCM88235, 296 BCM88236, 296 strataXGS, 297 Cavium Networks, 18, 19, 21, 58, 59, 66–7, 75–7, 82, 87, 105, 107, 109, 136, 138, 176, 177, 181, 182, 191, 194, 197, 199, 202, 211–29, 234, 238, 260, 271, 297–8, 305, 307, 309–11, 314, 346, 347, 370, 371, 392, 399, 412, 416, 422, 435, 436, 443–8, 455, 458 CN1615, 21 CN1710, 181, 182 CN30XX, 211, 212 CN31XX, 211–13 CN38XX, 211, 213, 221, 222, 445 CN50XX, 211, 212 CN52XX, 211, 213, 214 CN54XX, 211, 214 CN55XX, 211, 214 CN56XX, 211, 214 CN57XX, 211, 214 CN63XX, 59, 211, 214 CN68XX, 211, 214, 215, 220, 228–9, 445, 458 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index cnMIPS core, 216–21, 223–4, 226 OCTEON, 18–20, 59, 66–7, 75–7, 109, 136, 176, 177, 181, 182, 197, 199, 211, 213–29, 260, 271, 297–8, 310, 311, 346, 347, 370, 371, 392, 412, 416, 443, 445, 446, 458 Cisco Systems, 9–10, 36, 50, 51, 60, 81, 82, 89, 90, 93, 107, 108, 140–2, 259–60, 308, 343, 401, 403, 404 catalyst switch module, 81 quantum flow processor (QFP), 140–3 remote-triggered black hole filtering, 142 Citrix Systems Xen hypervisor, 461 CloudShield Technologies, 81, 187–8 CodePlex, 410 Commons Sandbox CLI2, 410 CompuLab CM-X270, 119 Continuous Computing, 24, 78–80, 82, 299, 397–9, 412, 416 FlexChassis ATCA-SH140, 78 FlexChassis ATCA-SH20, 78 FlexChassis ATCA-SH61, 78 FlexCompute ATCA-XE60, 78 FlexPacket ATCA-PP50, 78, 79 FlexTCA, 79, 80 Trillium, 24, 79, 397, 399 Trillium advanced portability architecture (TAPA), 399 Convey Computers, 129–32 HC-1, 129 CorEdge Networks, 41 cPacket, 158, 159 CSQL, 401 CUDA, 281–3 Diversified Technology, 44–5, 50, 204 ATC6239, 204 Dune Networks, 90, 96, 97, 103, 104, 140, 158, 294 FAP, 103 FE600, 90, 103, 104 PETRA P220, 103 P330, 103 475 SAND, 103 EEMBC, 18, 109, 113, 259, 269–70, 463, 464 hypervisor benchmarking, 463 NetMark, 18 TeleMark, 18 Embedded Planet, 67 EP8572 A AMC, 67 Emerson, 379, 386 Avantellis Middleware, 386 Enea, 308–9, 379, 389–95, 435 element LINX distributed messaging, 308, 390–2 Element middleware, 389, 390 poly-generator, 395 Polyhedra IMDB, 394, 395, 400 poly-mapper, 395 poly-messenger, 395 Extreme Engineering Solutions, XPedite5301, 62, 63 eXtremeDB, 401 EZChip, 82, 135, 137, 138, 140, 145–9 NP-2, 149 NP-3, 145, 146, 148, 149 NP-4, 140, 148, 149 NP-4 L, 149 NPA, 148, 149 task optimized processor (TOP), 146 TOPmodify, 148 TOPparse, 147 TOPresolve, 147, 148 TOPsearch, 147 FreeS/WAN, 315 Freescale, 20, 56, 57, 62–3, 67, 75, 77, 135, 193, 239–43, 270–1, 308, 311, 412, 422 MPC8548, 75, 77 MPC8572E, 56, 62, 63, 412 MPC8641D, 20 PowerQUICC, 62–3, 67, 75, 77, 193, 412 QorIQ P4040, 56, 240 P4080, 56, 57, 239–40, 271 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 476 Products (cont.) Fujitsu, 46–7, 50, 135 Fulcrum Mcrosystems, 90, 96, 97, 100–2, 458 FM3000, 100–2 FM4000, 100–2 FM4224, 100 GoAhead, 79, 395–8 SAFfire, 79, 395, 397, 398 SelfReliant, 395–7 Green Hills Software (GHS), 313, 460 GHNet, 313 INTEGRITY OS, 460 Padded Cell, 460 IBM, 6, 50, 58, 80–3, 108, 109, 135, 140, 170, 171, 193, 197, 200, 203, 227–33, 271, 275, 299, 308, 379, 395, 400, 418, 449 BladeCenter, 6, 50, 80–2, 187, 233, 379, 396 HS21, 80 LS42, 81 PN41, 81, 187 QS20, 233 QS21, 233 QS22, 233 Blue Gene, 233 cell processor, 170, 193, 197, 227, 229–33 broadband processor architecture (BPA), 229 power processor element (PPE), 140, 141, 229–32 synergistic processor element (SPE), 229–32 Roadrunner, 50, 233 SolidDB, 400 IDT, 52, 56 short-term caching, 52 Tsi578, 56 Institute of Computing Technology, 109, 264, 266 Godson-1, 264 Godson-2, 264 Godson-3, 264 Loongson, 264 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index Intel, 23, 33, 36, 47, 50, 54, 64, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 75, 77–82, 107, 129, 130, 132, 137, 140, 155, 156, 189, 197, 200, 201, 205, 233–41, 275–7, 282, 284–6, 298–9, 305–7, 311, 316–18, 380, 389, 392, 412, 418, 420, 424, 431–2, 451, 452, 457 front side bus (FSB), 132 Larrabee, 284–6 Lincoln Tunnel, 316, 317 NetStructure, 67, 68 NPU IXP2805, 81 NPU IXP28xx, 155 QuickAssist, 132 accelerator hardware module (AHM), 238, 239 QuickPath Interconnect (QPI), 132 Tera-scale computing, 234 Tolapai, 238 transactional memory, 237 Xeon, 71, 72, 75, 78, 80, 129, 130, 132, 155, 200, 317 ipoque, 165, 185, 415 protocol and application classification engine (PACE), 415 L4 microkernels, 460 Libxml2, 411 Linux high resolution timer (HRTimer), 378 syslog, 377 LSI, 21, 135, 149, 150, 171, 174, 180–1, 203, 204, 422 Advanced PayloadPlus (APP), 149 APP2200, 149 APP300, 149 APP3300, 149, 150 random access XML (RAX), 171 StarCore, 204 SC3400, 204 T1000, 21, 23, 180 T2000, 23, 180, 181 Tarari, 21, 171, 180, 203 LynuxWorks LynxOS, 401, 435, 449–50, 460 LynxOS-SE, 449–50 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index Mercury Computer Systems, 55, 58, 63 Ensemble, 58 Nallatech, 132 NEC Corporation, 50, 193, 237 NetLogic Microsystems, 20, 78, 79, 82, 87, 107, 119, 138, 159, 183–5, 194, 199, 202, 234, 238, 242–6, 260, 271, 277, 298, 309–11, 347, 399, 412, 422, 436, 455 Ayama, 159, 160 knowledge based processor (KBP), 160, 183, 184 NETL7, 183 NLS1005, NLS1008, NLS2008, 183 NETLite, 159, 160 NL111024, 160 NLA9000XT, 160 Sahasra, 159, 160 TCAM NL71024, 78 TCAM NL91024, 119 XLP, 199, 244–6, 260, 271, 298, 310, 311, 347 XLR, 20, 78, 199, 242–4, 260, 271, 310, 311, 412 XLS, 242–4, 310, 311 Netronome, 135, 155, 156 network flow processor (NFP), 155, 156 NFP32xx, 155 NET-SNMP, 386, 411 Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN), 3, 55, 163, 188, 379, 401 Flexi ISN, 188 NVIDIA, 275, 281–4 Fermi, 283, 284 Tesla, 281, 282 C1060, 281–3 C870, 281, 283 S1070, 282, 283 Objective Systems, 411 XBinder, 411 OpenClovis, 399, 400 application service platform, 399 OpenDPI, 415 OpenHPI, 378, 379 OpenIKEv2, 315 477 OpenIPMI, 379 OpenSAF, 379–86 availability service, 380, 381 checkpoint service, 79, 330, 381, 382, 397 distributed tracing service, 384 event distribution service, 385 global lock service, 385 interface service, 385, 386 logging service, 384 management access service, 386 message distribution service, 380, 382, 383 resource monitoring service, 386 OpenSSH, 410 OpenSSL, 316, 379 Openswan, 315 OpenVPN, 316, 416 Oracle, 377, 380, 396, 400, 401, 413, 415 Oracle Database Enterprise Edition, 400 TimesTen, 396, 400–1 picoChip, 203, 286–7 Plurality, 191, 197, 203, 234, 246–51, 417, 436, 443 HyperCore architecture line (HAL), 440–2 Qosmos, 412–16 ixAttribute language, 413 ixEngine, 412–16 ixFilter language, 414 ixQuery language, 413 network intelligence technology, 412 protocol plugin SDK, 413 Racoon and Racoon2, 315 Radisys, 6, 46, 60, 75–7, 82, 395, 461 ATCA 4.0, 46 Promentum ATCA-1200, 75 Promentum ATCA-4300, 75 Promentum ATCA-7010, 60 Promentum ATCA-7220, 75, 76 Promentum ATCA-9100, 75 Promentum SYS-6002, 75 Promentum SYS-6006, 75 Promentum SYS-6010, 75 Raima database manager embedded, 401 Real Time Systems (RTS) hypervisor, 461 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 478 Products (cont.) SANBlaze technology, 67 Security First Corp., 128–30 DRC Computer Corporation, 128–30 Accelium, 128–30 Signali Corporation, 117 strongSwan, 315 Sun Microsystems, 17, 18, 23–35, 41, 43, 50, 71–4, 80, 84, 87, 140, 189, 192, 194, 200, 217, 234, 251–6, 277, 298–9, 303, 309, 314, 380, 399, 425, 436, 444, 455, 461–3 application porting assistant, 32 ATCA Netra CP3060, 71 Netra CP3200 ARTM-10G, 43, 71, 72 Netra CP3200 ARTM-FC, 71 Netra CP3200 ARTM-HDD, 43, 71 Netra CP3240, 71 Netra CP3250, 71, 72 Netra CP3260, 71, 73 Netra CT900, 41, 71 automatic tuning and troubleshooting system (ATS), 32 binary improvement tool (BIT), 32 Blade T6320, 84 CoolThreads, 30 enterprise T5120, 24, 25 T5140, 24, 26, 28, 29 T5220, 25, 461 T5240, 26, 28 T5440, 26, 29, 31, 298 External Coherency Hub, 29 logical domain, 29, 33–4, 461, 462 MySQL, 33, 377, 400, 416 Neptune, 23, 24 Netra, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 43, 71–3, 309, 436 T5220, 23, 24, 29 T5440, 24, 26, 27, 29 simple performance optimization tool (SPOT), 32 Solaris container, 29, 461, 462 Sun Fire T1000/T2000, 23 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index UltraSPARC T1, 23, 30, 32, 34, 71, 200, 251–3, 461 UltraSPARC T2, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 33, 71–3, 140, 200, 217, 252–5, 277, 303, 304, 461, 463 UltraSPARC T2 Plus, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 217, 252–6, 298, 303, 304, 425, 461, 463 ZFS file system, 29, 304, 461 SYSGO PikeOS, 452, 453, 459 Tail-f Systems, 380, 394, 411 ConfD, 394, 411 TeamF1, 314 TEK Microsystems, 63 JazzFiber, 63 Tensilica, 109, 110, 140, 189, 256–60, Diamond 570T, 258 Xtensa, 109, 257–9 Tilera, 107, 138, 191–3, 196, 203, 234, 238, 260–4, 306, 347, 412, 428, 435, 458 dynamic distributed cache (DDC), 261 iMesh, 260–4 multistream iMesh crypto accelerator (MiCA), 264 TILE-Gx, 262–3 TILEPro64, 260–3, 347, 412, 428 Transwitch, 90, 135 TXC-OMNI, 90 Unicoi, 310 fusion, 310 VirtualLogix hypervisor, 463 Vitesse, 104–6 VSC3008, 104 VSC3144, 104 VSC3312, 104 VSC874, 105, 106 VMware, 205, 313, 459, 460, 463 Trango hypervisor, 460, 463 Voltaire, 50, 81 Westek Technology, 41, 42 Wind River hypervisor, 463 lightweight distributed object protocol (LDOP), 387–9 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index Linux PNE/LE, 305, 307–8, 389, 463 multi-OS inter-process communication (MIPC), 387 VxWorks, 306–8, 316, 355, 377, 394, 396, 399, 401, 435, 461, 463 WindManage CLI, 408–10 workbench, 410 Wintegra, 135, 156–8 WinPath2, 156–8 WinPath3, 158 Xelerated, 82, 135–40, 150–5 HX230, 153 HX320, 153 HX326, 153 HX330, 153, 154 Xelerator, 152 X10, 152 X11, 152, 153 Xilinx, 113, 120, 126–9, 132, 133, 180 EasyPath, 133 Spartan-6, 126–8 Virtex-4, 128 Virtex-5, 120, 126–8, 132 Virtex-6, 126–8 XMOS XS1, 264, 265, XtratuM hypervisor, 460 Protocols ATM, 19, 58, 60, 75, 89, 94, 96, 97, 149, 156–8, 314, 364, 400 AAL2, 149, 158, 218 AAL5, 149, 218 equal cost multi-path (ECMP), 153, 310, 348 IEEE 802.3, 8, 19, 44–6, 79, 85, 101, 148, 149, 153, 158, 314 IEEE 802.3ad (link aggregation), 19, 45, 77, 79, 85, 101, 149, 153, 158, 314, 348 IEEE 802.3ae, 44 IEEE 802.3ap, 8, 46 IEEE 802.3x, 46, 101 multicast, 51–3, 59, 97–8, 101–4, 141, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 203, 290, 310, 313, 315–16, 332–3, 348–9, 354, 357, 367, 386, 389 479 VLAN, 44–5, 74, 85, 99, 101, 148, 149, 153, 158, 187, 223, 296, 310, 313, 364, 390, 402, 454, 458 regular expression (RegEx), 18, 21, 57, 76, 81, 107, 135, 155, 171–84, 203, 211, 213, 215, 221, 228, 240, 271–2, 274, 297, 377, 408, 412–13, 466 basic regular expression (BRE), 172 deterministic finite automaton (DFA), 175–9, 181–4, 203, 215–16, 221, 274 extended finite automata (XFA), 179 extended regular expression (ERE), 172 history-based counting finite automata (H-cFA), 179 history-based finite automaton (H-FA), 179 hybrid finite automaton (HFA), 178, 181 intelligent finite automata (IFA), 183 nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), 175–9, 181–4, 215, 221, 274 Perl compatible regular expression (PCRE), 182, 183, 185 POSIX regular expression syntax, 182 Security denial-of-service, 23, 74, 99, 101, 178, 183, 184, 217, 370, 410, 453 IKE, 6, 311, 314, 315, 370 IPsec, 6, 21, 34, 75, 77, 79, 80, 107, 141, 149, 270–3, 290, 310–15, 416 secure copy (SCP), 406 SSH, 311, 314, 403, 406, 408, 410, 416 SSH (secure) file transfer protocol (SFTP), 406 SSL, 21, 75, 107, 252, 314, 316, 412, 416 TLS, 77, 153, 311, 314, 316, 377 Segmentation and reassembly (SAR), 19, 55, 95, 96, 98, 103, 149, 158 Service Availability Forum (SA Forum), 75, 79, 318–44, 363–4, 378–86, 392, 394, 397, 399, 400 Application Interface Specification (AIS), 319, 321, 323, 324, 329, 330, 334, 339, 340, 385 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 480 Service Availability Forum (Cont.) AIS frameworks, availability management framework (AMF), 79, 324–5, 329, 334–9, 341, 380, 381, 392, 397–8, 400 software management framework, 337–9 AIS management services, information model management (IMM) service, 79, 324–6, 340, 397 object implementer API, 326 object management API, 326 log service, 79, 326–9, 384, 397 notification service, 79, 326, 327, 330, 338, 397 security service, 329, 330 AIS utility services, checkpoint service, 79, 330–1, 381, 382, 397 event service, 79, 331, 333, 385, 397 lock service, 331, 332, 385 message service, 79, 332, 333, 397 naming service, 334 timer service, 323, 334, 397 cluster membership service, 79, 323, 324, 380, 397 platform management service, 321, 323, 397 hardware platform interface (HPI), 75, 319–26, 329, 337, 363–4, 378, 379, 397, 399 Software API, 6, 13–14, 22, 32, 34, 40, 77, 129–30, 152, 168, 226–7, 276, 280, 282, 304, 306, 311, 313, 315, 319, 321–8, 330, 332, 335–8, 350, 352, 355, 356, 361, 363, 364, 368–9, 372, 374, 378–82, 384, 385–8, 390–2, 394–5, 400–2, 406, 411, 433, 454, 456, 464 Java, 18, 23, 33, 175, 394, 401, 407, 411, 430, 450 management operations and management, 40, 43, 99, 146, 148, 149, 152, 158, 364 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index middleware, 6, 8–9, 79, 88, 152, 311, 314, 317, 318–402 boot manager, 344–6 GRand unified bootloader (GRUB), 344, 345 Linux loader (LILO), 344, 345 U-boot, 344 YAMON, 344 CLI, 29, 75, 77, 314–16, 358, 384, 386, 392, 394, 403–5, 407–11 configuration management, 357–60, 407–8 event management, 367–8, 400 fault management, 319, 326, 364–6 hardware management, 363–4 in-memory database (IMDB), 375, 395–7, 400, 401, 424 atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID), 375, 401 LAMP, 33 license management, 359, 369 LINX, 308, 390–2 log service and logging, 79, 326–9, 360, 370, 372–3, 384, 392, 397 messaging service, inter-blade communication, 346, 348 inter-chassis communication, 346, 348 inter-process communication, 347 inter-thread communication, 346 inter-virtual machine communication, 346, 347 multicore communication API (MCAPI), 355–7, 395 transparent inter-process communication (TIPC), 307, 352–5, 383, 392, 400 multicore resource management API (MRAPI), 361 notification service, 79, 326, 327, 330, 338, 392, 397 performance management, 366, 368–9 resource management, 348, 350, 359, 360, 366, 397, 462 SAMP, 33 security manager, 369–70 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index SNMP, 29, 45, 75, 77, 85, 152, 310, 311, 313–16, 325, 327, 358, 364, 379, 384, 386, 394, 397, 404–6, 411, 416 management information base (MIB), 77, 311, 384–6, 397, 405 software management, 337–9, 346, 362–3 storage, 375–7 tracing, 346, 352, 370, 372–5, 384, 394 Trillium essential services and protocols, 24, 79, 397, 399 network management, 56, 85, 373, 404, 405 open-source, 22, 29, 33, 252, 272, 280, 304–6, 310, 314–16, 344, 352, 377–80, 386, 392, 401, 408, 410–11, 415, 428, 456, 459–61 operating system, 6, 8, 29, 33, 40, 47, 48, 71, 75, 77, 79–80, 105, 125, 128–9, 132, 151, 194, 200, 202, 205–7, 227, 251, 260–1, 303–10, 316, 319, 321–2, 329, 337, 339, 344, 345, 347, 355, 361, 370–2, 375–7, 380, 387, 389–90, 394–6, 401, 402–3, 406, 410, 417 422, 426, 427, 434–7, 444, 445, 449, 452–63 affinity, 306–7, 316, 317, 347, 412, 435–6, 446–7 bare-metal, 33–5, 71, 77, 79, 182, 306–7, 309, 311–12, 372, 377, 422, 436, 444, 446, 449–50, 463 Linux, 8, 20, 22, 32, 33, 71, 75, 77, 79, 80, 128, 132, 182, 227, 260, 280, 304–12, 315–16, 344, 355, 362, 366, 371, 372, 376–9, 383, 386, 389, 392, 394, 396, 400–2, 410, 426, 427, 435, 444, 445–8, 452, 453, 456, 460, 461, 463 distribution, 8, 33, 305–7, 376–8, 396, 410, 444, 456 high resolution timer (HRTimer), 378 syslog, 377 Xenomai, 306, 307 Zero Overhead Linux (ZOL), 306, 435, 444 481 microkernel, 306, 308, 402, 452, 460 nanokernel, 306 partitioning OS, 449, 450 RTOS, 125, 306–9, 377, 402, 435, 444, 452, 460–1, 463 MicroC/OS-II, 125 OSE, 308, 309, 389, 392, 394 OSE simulation soft Kernel, 308 QNX, 308, 377, 401, 435, 461 VxWorks, 306–8, 316, 355, 377, 394, 396, 401, 435, 461, 463 VxWorks simulation (VxSim), 308 Solaris, 24, 29, 32, 33, 71, 80, 128, 251, 303, 304, 308, 316, 355, 394, 396, 400–2, 460–3 protocols GARP, 44 GVRP, 44 MSTP, 44 routing protocols, 6, 79, 85, 86, 99, 301, 310–16, 365, 422 BIRD, 315 Click, 315 OpenBGPD, 315 OpenOSPFD, 315 Quagga, 314, 315 Vyatta open flexible router (OFR), 315 XORP, 315 ZebOS, 316 Zebra, 314–16 run-till-completion, 181, 306, 309, 422, 436, 445 virtualization, 18, 24, 29, 33–4, 73, 74, 143, 201–2, 205–7, 231, 237, 304, 321–2, 324, 338–9, 346–8, 361, 367, 370, 375, 402, 421–4, 427–8, 449, 455, 464 binary translation, 449 embedded use cases, 453–9 hardware-assisted virtualization, 449 hypervisor (VMM), 24, 33–4, 202, 205–7, 231, 240, 272–3, 322, 346–8, 357, 361, 370, 402, 449, 450, 452, 464 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 482 Software (Cont.) virtual machine (VM), 29, 33–4, 202, 205, 207, 322, 338, 347, 350, 361, 367, 370, 371, 375, 402, 427–8, 449, 461, 463, 464 event-driven VM, 452 non real-time VM, 452 time-driven VM, 452 software design, multi-X design, 417–49 MultiCore Design (MCD), 418 asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), 191, 203, 226, 232, 307–9, 312, 347, 436, 457, 463 bound multiprocessing (BMP), 203, 308, 435 loosely-coupled multiprocessing (LCMP), 436 symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), 81, 194–7, 200, 203, 205–7, 210, 226, 303, 307–9, 312, 322, 347, 374, 431, 434–6, 445, 457 multi-instance design (MID), 417, 423–4, 428–32, 435 multi-process design (MPD), 417, 425–8, 434 Erlang, 427–8 multi-threaded design (MTD), 417, 423–5, 427, 434 single-threaded design (STD), 417, 419–24, 431 SPEC, 18 System high availability, 21, 40, 41, 51, 66, 68, 79, 83, 87, 89, 95, 143, 188, 297–301, 316, 329, 337–8, 345, 371, 375–6, 380–1, 386, 392–5, 397, 400–1, 411, 428–30, 435–6, 452, 456, 459 performance, 11–15, 17, 18, 22–4, 30, 32–4, 41, 47–9, 51–3, 61, 67, 73, 80, 84, 87–8, 94, 107–109, 112, 123, 133, 136–8, 155, 171, 189, 191–6, 199, 201–2, 210, 224–5, 253, 269–70, 274–5, 307, 309, 318, 368, 369, 443–9 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index quality of service, 11, 13, 19, 45, 50, 51, 55, 59, 77, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99–101, 107, 136, 141, 142, 153, 157, 160, 162–4, 166, 168, 169, 186–8, 201, 208, 209, 222, 223, 240, 242, 245, 288–91, 294–6, 310, 313, 316, 326, 350, 356, 388, 413–15 class of service (CoS), 55, 85, 100, 149, 164, 290–1, 352 DiffServ, 45, 77, 149, 153, 157, 223, 310, 313 redundancy, 15, 23, 41, 45, 60, 85, 87, 95, 103, 201, 298–301, 310, 316, 332, 336, 339–45, 351, 366, 380–1, 383–4, 386, 392, 396, 400, 425, 429 scalability, 11, 15, 21, 41, 51, 83, 86–8, 92, 98–9, 111–12, 136, 152, 181, 187–8, 192, 194, 197, 203, 218, 229, 234, 269–72, 275, 294, 297–8, 310–11, 339, 372, 390–2, 412, 419, 425, 427–30, 432–5, 463 Total cost of ownership, 18, 35, 40, 318 Traffic inspection, deep packet inspection (DPI), 20–3, 79, 81, 99, 107, 135, 141, 160–3, 165, 166, 170, 176, 183, 185–8, 211, 215, 268, 271, 412–16 Traffic management, 47, 55, 77, 94, 96–7, 99–103, 107, 136, 143, 148–9, 157, 162, 164–5, 186, 203, 208, 209, 223, 268, 272, 287–97, 348, 370, 392 backward congestion notification (BCN), 46 backward explicit congestion notification (BECN), 53 committed information rate (CIR), 146, 290 early packet discard (EPD), 144, 157 excess information rate (EIR), 290 flow control, 29, 51–2, 55, 57, 59, 95–7, 99, 101, 108, 198, 203, 242, 257, 291, 351–2, 383, 390–2, 399 forward explicit congestion notification (FECN), 53 P1: OTA ind BLBK307-Bachmutsky September 2, 2010 13:20 Printer Name: Yet to Come Index local explicit congestion notification (LECN), 53 pacing, 55, 102 PAUSE, 46, 47, 100–1 peak information rate (PIR), 146, 290 random early detection (RED), 222, 290 shaping, 102, 141–2, 144, 146, 148–9, 153, 157, 163, 187, 209, 268, 290–6, 370 trail packet discard (TPD), 144 virtual output queuing (VOQ), 268, 291–3, 296 483 weighted fair queuing (WFQ), 144, 146, 148, 149, 157 weighted random early detection (WRED), 100, 142, 144, 146, 148, 157, 241, 290 weighted round Robin (WRR) scheduling, 87, 97, 100, 144, 149, 157, 201, 223 tunneling, 77, 79, 98, 148, 310–11, 406, 413, 416 type-length-value (TLV), 168, 169, 367–8 uniform/non-uniform memory access (UMA/NUMA), 252, 304 ... Gateways are selected because they require the most advanced, highly scalable and high-performance implementation; and platform design brings with it the System Design for Telecommunication Gateways. .. Name: Yet to Come 18 System Design for Telecommunication Gateways We would like to add its ‘cousin’ metric, called SPaC, which stands for Space, Performance and Cost: SPaC = Performance/(Space∗ Cost)... BLBK307-Bachmutsky August 30, 2010 20:15 Printer Name: Yet to Come System Design for Telecommunication Gateways 2.2 Platform-Based Approach More and more designs, especially in larger companies, start by viewing