sweet treats around the world and encyclopedia of food and cultural

Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Sweet Treats around the World Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Sweet Treats around the World An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture Timothy G Roufs and Kathleen Smyth Roufs Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Copyright 2014 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher The publisher has done its best to make sure the instructions and/or recipes in this book are correct However, users should apply judgment and experience when preparing recipes, especially parents and teachers working with young people The publisher accepts no responsibility for the outcome of any recipe included in this volume and assumes no liability for, and is released by readers from, any injury or damage resulting from the strict adherence to, or deviation from, the directions and/or recipes herein The publisher is not responsible for any readerÊs specific health or allergy needs that may require medical supervision or for any adverse reactions to the recipes contained in this book All yields are approximations Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roufs, Timothy G Sweet treats around the world : an encyclopedia of food and culture / Timothy G Roufs and Kathleen Smyth Roufs pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-61069-220-5 (hard copy : alk paper) · ISBN 978-1-61069-221-2 (ebook) Food·Encyclopedias Food habits·Encyclopedias International cooking·Encyclopedias I Roufs, Kathleen Smyth II Title TX349.R598 2014 641.59·dc23 2014005003 ISBN: 978-1-61069-220-5 EISBN: 978-1-61069-221-2 18 17 16 15 14 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook Visit www.abc-clio.com for details ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com This book is dedicated to the next generation of sweet treats enthusiasts around the world, especially Casey Pedro Roufs, Claire Kathleen Roufs, Eli Campbell Roufs, and Nora Elizabeth Roufs Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com CONTENTS ix xi xix xxi List of Entries List of Recipes Preface Introduction AăZ entries 381 579 587 623 Recipes Selected Bibliography Index About the Authors vii Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com LIST OF ENTRIES Afghanistan Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) Argentina Armenia Australia Austria The Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia) The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Central Africa (Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, São Tomé and Príncipe) Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama) Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) Chile China Colombia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark East Africa (Burundi, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) Ecuador Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan England The English Caribbean (The Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica) Finland France The French Caribbean (Haiti and the French Antilles) Georgia Germany Greece Hong Kong Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan 10 13 19 24 30 34 35 37 42 45 52 58 62 69 ix 72 75 86 90 93 97 102 106 110 113 122 127 129 135 139 142 147 155 157 160 165 166 172 175 179 183 187 191 203 207 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 609 pomegranate molasses, 250 roz bil halib pudding, 250 sfenj, 250 sweet mint tea, 250 sweet syrups, 250 sweetmeats, 248, 250 tmar bi loz, 250, 494 (recipe) warqa, 249ă250 Most Serene Republic of San Marino torta tre monti („cake of the three towers‰), 198 Myanmar (Burma), 299 coconut, 299 halawa, 299 jaggery, 299 mote lone yay paw, 299, 527ă528 (recipe) palata, 299 Namibia See Southern Africa Nepal, 236–238 barfi, 237, 482 (recipe) fruits, 236 ghee, 237 halwa, 237 halwa, 482ă483 (recipe) honey, 236 khuwaa, 237 lal mohan dumplings, 237 nuts, 236 peda, 237 yomari dumplings, 237 Netherlands, 238–244 Amsterdamse korstjes, 241 appelbeignets, 242 appelflappen, 242 appeltaart/appelgebak, 241, 483ă484 (recipe) beschuit, 242 cakes, 240ă241 Deventer koek, 241 oudewijven koek, 241 peperkoek, 241 taai-taai spice cake, 240 zoete koek, 241 chocoladehagel, 242, 244 chocoladevlokken, 242, 244 cinnamon bark, 239 cookies (koekje), 238ă242, 485ă486 gevulde speculaas, 240 kruidnoten, 240 speculaas, 238ă242, 240, 485ă486 (recipe) Dubbel Zout, 244 duivekater bread, 241 gevulde (sweet almond-paste), 240 gingerbread-type sweet treats, 239, 241, 244 Goudse stroopwafels, 243 hagelslag, 244 honey, 239 hot chocolate, 242 Kruukplaetje, 241 Limburgse, 242 oliebollen („oil balls‰), 242 pastries, 240ă243 banketletter/banketstaff, 240 Bossche bollen, 242ă243, 484ă485 (recipe) chocoladebollen („chocolate balls‰), 241 Den Bosch balls, 242 moorkop, 243 pepernoten confections, 238ă239 poffertjes, 241 Sinterklaas treats, 238ă239 spices, 239 strawberry fizzy belt, 239 stroop, 242 stroopwafels, 243 tarts, 239 zoute drop, 243 New Zealand, 245–247 apple and feijoa cake, 487ă488 (recipe) coffee liqueur, 245 cookies, 245ă246 Afghan biscuits, 246, 486ă487 (recipe) Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 610 | Index Anzac biscuits, 245, 487 (recipe) golden syrup cookies, 246 dairy products, 245 fruits, 246ă247 feijoas, 246ă247 kiwifruits, 246 pineapples, 246 Hokey Pokey, 246 ice cream, 246 nuts, 245 macadamia nuts, 246 New Zealand walnuts, 246 Pavlova desserts, 245 Nicaragua cajeta de coco, 67 cemito cake, 65 coconut milk, 67 gofio, 406ă407 (recipe) pastel de tres leches, 67 rosequillas, 67 Niger See West Africa Nigeria See West Africa North AfricaăThe Maghreb region, 247–253 Algeria, 250ă252 honey, 252 makroudh lâassel, 252, 491ă493 (recipe) seffa, 250, 251, 493 (recipe) bouzat haleeb, 253, 489 (recipe) custards, 253 date syrup, 250 figs, 191, 248 fruits, dried and fresh, 248, 251 halvas, 248ă249 honey-based sweet treats, 248 ice cream, 253 kaÊak/kaak/kahqa/kaâk (cake), 249 Libya, 252ă253 asida, 252, 488ă489 (recipe) baklava, 253 gelato, 199, 253 gharaiba bil laoz, 252, 491 (recipe) Morocco, 248ă251 briwat bi loz, 250, 490 (recipe) bÊsteeya pie, 249ă250 cinnamon and sugar, 250 cornes de gazelle (kaab gzahl), 250 mÊhanncha cake (snake), 250 pastries, 250ă251 pekmez, 250 pomegranate molasses, 250 roz bil halib pudding, 250 seffa, 250, 251, 493 (recipe) sfenj, 250 sweet mint tea, 250 sweet syrups, 250 sweetmeats, 248, 250 tmar bi loz, 250, 494 (recipe) warqa, 249ă250 nougat, 252 nuts, 248, 251 pastries, 248ă250 baklava, 248 cinnamon sugar pastries, 248 kadayif, 248 warqa, 249ă250 slada bil bortokal, 250 sweet couscous, 253 sweet treat spices, 248 Tunisia, 250 kaak dÊEssaouira cookies, 250 yo-yos, 250, 494ă495 (recipe) Northern Ireland, 254–255 apple, blackberry, and marmalade crumble (recipe), 254, 495ă496 biscuits (cookies), 255 cakes, 254ă255 fruit loaves, 255 fruits, 254 Irish potato scones, 255 pies, 254 puddings, 254, 498 carrageen moss blancmange, 254, 496 (recipe) sponge puddings, 254 Yellowman, 254 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 611 Norway, 255–258 cakes blŒtkake, 258 kransekake, 258 candied fruits and nuts, 256 Christmas treats, 256ă257, 496ă498 julekaka, 256 krumkaker, 256ă257 pepperkaker, 256, 257 rosettes, 257 sandkaker/sandbakkel cookie, 256ă257, 497 (recipe) cloudberries, 256 cookies, 256ă257, 497 krumkaker, 256ă257 pepperkaker, 256, 257 sandkaker/sandbakkel cookie, 256ă257, 497 (recipe) custard sauce for snow pudding, 258, 498 (recipe) eplekake apple cake, 257 fattigmans, 257 gingerbread, 256 jams, 258 lemon soufflé, 258, 496ă497 (recipe) snŒ pudding with custard sauce, 258, 498 (recipe) Oman, coconuts, Pacific Islands, 259–262 fruits, fresh and cooked, 259 kauka, 259 Papua New Guinea, 259ă260, 500 kauka, 259ă260 pitpit, 260 sago, 260 starchy fruits, vegetables, 260 talautu, 500 (recipe) vanilla, 260 Samoa, 261, 498ă499 alaisa faÊapopo (coconut rice), 261 faÊapopo bread, 261 keke faÊi cake, 261, 498ă499 (recipe) koko, 261 poi, 261 suafaÊi soup, 261 Tahiti, 262 firi firi, 262 poÊe, 262, 499ă500 (recipe) vanilla, 262 Pakistan, 262–264 dates, 263 fruits, dried and fresh, 263ă264 gajar halva, 264 halva, 264, 500ă501 (recipe) korma, 263 lassi, 263ă264 masala chai, 501 (recipe) nimbu paani, 263ă264 nuts, 263ă264 rice, 263ă264 gur walay chawal, 264 jaggery rice, 264 kheer (pudding), 263 zarda, 264 roh, 264 rosmalai, 264 sewian pudding, 263 Panama, 64, 68 aguas frescas, 64 empanadas, 68 flan, 68 fruits, 68 fruit-syrup flavored shaved ice, 68 raspadas, 68 roselle fruit jam, 64 tres leches cake, 68 Papua New Guinea, 259ă260 kauka, 259ă260 pitpit, 260 sago, 260 starchy fruits, vegetables, 260 talautu, 260, 500 (recipe) vanilla, 260 Peru, 265–267 achira, 265 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 612 | Index alfajores, 266 candy, 266 causi, 265 chancaca, 266 chapanas, 267 chica morada, 267 cicadas, 266 ckaya, 265 frejol colado, 267, 501ă502 (recipe) fruits, 265ă266 cherimoya, 266 lucuma, 265 maracuyá, 266 pacay, 266 humita, 266 manjar blanco, 266 marzipan, 266, 327 mazamorra, 266 oca (tuber), 265 picarones, 267 potatoes, 265 ranfañote, 266 sango, 266 shikashika, 267 sugared almonds, hazelnuts, 266 suspiro de Limeña, 266, 502ă503 (recipe) sweet cakes, 266 sweet roots, 265 turrón de Da Pepa, 266ă267, 503ă505 (recipe) Philippines, 267–271 buko juice, 269 coconut sweets, 269 desserts, 270 fruits, 270ă271 halo-halo, 270ă271, 505 (recipe) ice cream, 270 rice, 268ă270 bibingka, 270 biko, 270 cuchinta (dessert), 270 galapong, 268ă269 glutinous/sticky rice, 268 kakanin (rice cakes), 268ă269 malagkit, 268 pinipig (rice flour), 268 pirurutong, 269 puto, 269ă270, 505ă506 (recipe) rice porridge, 268 sapin-sapin, 270 suman, 269ă270 pies appeltaart/appelgebak, 241, 483ă484 apple pie, 347ă349 apple pie with antonovka, 36 blueberry pie, 350 bÊsteeya pie, 249ă250 cherry pie, 348 coconut pie, 379 mince pies, 115 peach pie, 348 pie la mode, 347, 350 pumpkin pie, 348, 379 Quebec City sugar pie, 54, 402 (recipe) sweet-potato pie, 379 torta tal-qastan, 223 Poland, 271–275 babka, 275, 506ă507 (recipe) breads makowiec, 273ă274 sweet bread, 271ă272 cakes, 272ă275 gingerbread cake, 273ă275 honey cake, 273 piernik (Toruński), 273, 274 serniks (cheesecake), 272, 275 candies, 273 fried confections, 275 fruit, fresh and dried, 272 kluski z makiem, 274 kolaczki, 274 kompot, 275 kutia wigilijna, 274 nuts, 274 paczki, 275 piernik, 273, 275, 507ă508 (recipe) www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 613 strudels, 271ă272 tort miodu, 508ă509 (recipe) Portugal, 276–279 barrigas de freiras, 510 (recipe) cakes, 277ă278, 510ă511 bolo de mel moda de Sagres, 277ă278, 510ă511 (recipe) pão-de-ló, 277 churros Portuguese style, 277, 511ă512 (recipe) egg-based sweets, 278 fruits, 276 fruta de siringal/ciringa, 277 honey-based sweets, 277 nuts, 276, 278 ovos moles, 278 paõ de ló amendoas, 277 pastéis de Belém, 278 pastéis de nata, 278 porto pudim flan, 278 sweet treat, listing of, 279 Príncipe, 59 sugarcane, 59 puddings, 118, 127, 375 (for British „puddings‰ see item wanted) arroz leche, 230 asida, 252, 488ă489 (recipe) aşure pudding, 339 blood rice pudding, 331 boniatillo, 313 carrageen moss blancmange, 254, 496 (recipe) coconut milk tapioca pudding, 310ă311, 543 (recipe) cornstarch pudding, 316 doukounou, 136, 433434 (recipe) frejol colado, 267, 501502 (recipe) gỹllaỗ, 342 haluwaa, 237 jaggery pudding, 316 khanom thian, 332 kheer, 263 kiisseli, 128 lemon delicious, 14, 15ă16, 386ă387 (recipe) majarete pudding, 312 mämmi, 128 Monmouth, 375 moustalevria, 151ă152 muhallabiya, 216, 468ă469 (recipe) omdre, 336 pain patate pudding, 136 palüze, 339 payasam, 222 pelamushi, 140 Pwdin Eryri, 375 raisin/rum bread pudding, 313 rŒdgrŒd med flŒde, 97 roz bil halib pudding, 250 sago pudding (de La Harpe), 316, 546ă547 (recipe) sagu gula melaka, 295 sangkhaya, 331, 556ă557 (recipe) sewian pudding, 263 sikarni, 336 „Singapore pudding,‰ 316, 546 (recipe) snŒ pudding with custard sauce, 258, 498 (recipe) suman, 269ă270 sweet corn pudding, 136 sweet potato pudding, 136, 313 sweet rice pudding, 137 tembleque de coco, 311, 544ă545 (recipe) tocinillo de cielo, 313 vatkattu marjapuuro, 128 wheat pudding, 28 yaksik, 211, 467ă468 (recipe) zerde rice pudding, 338ă340 Puerto Rico, 310ă314 biz cocho de ron, 313ă314 buñuelos de yuca, 310 majarete pudding, 312 mantecaditos, 314, 543ă544 (recipe) nisperos de batata, 313 piraguas/piraguero, 311 tembleque de coco, 311, 544ă545 (recipe) Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 614 | Index Qatar See Arabian Peninsula Republic of the Congo, 59, 60 caakiri, 61 fruits, 60 rice ak ambok, 299 alaisa faÊapopo (coconut rice), 261 banana-rice bread, 380 bibingka, 270 biko, 270 blood rice pudding, 331 botamochi rice balls, 206 chapssal, 211 cookies, 211 cuchinta, 270 dresil (sweet rice), 336, 337 galapong, 268ă269 glutinous/sticky rice, 268 gur walay chawal, 264 halawa, 299 jaggery rice, 264 kakanin (rice cakes), 268ă269 kheer (rice pudding), 263 klepon, 295 kulfi, 169 malagkit, 268 mini rice ball treats, 330 mochi, 329 mote lone yay paw, 299, 527ă528 (recipe) ohagi rice balls, 206 omdre (pudding), 336 payasam (pudding), 222 pinipig (rice flour), 268 pirurutong, 269 pulut inti, 219 puto, 269ă270, 505ă506 (recipe) putu piring, 222 rice flour, 330 rice porridge, 268 sapin-sapin, 270 shahi tukra, 169 steamed rice cakes, 211, 467ă468 (recipe) sticky rice, 268, 298ă299, 300 suman, 269ă270 sweet rice pudding, 137 tangyuan, 80ă81, 416 (recipe) tteok, 211ă212 zarda, 264 zerde rice pudding, 338ă340 zongzi, 81 Romania, 281–284 baklava, 282 clătite Romanesti (crêpes), 282, 512 (recipe) cozonac, 283 fruits, 281ă284 gogoşi, 282 kürt skalács, 284 nuts, 282 papanași, 282, 512ă513 (recipe) pască, 283 salam de biscuiti, 283, 513ă514 (recipe) soft cheese, 282 Turkish delight, 283 Russia, 284–288 blini, 286, 514ă515 (recipe) honey bread, 285 kulich, 286, 515ă517 (recipe) paskha, 286 pryaniki, 517ă518 (recipe) sbiten, 288 sweet tea, 287ă288 sweetened cottage cheese, 286 syrniki, 286 Tula gingerbread, 285ă286 Rwanda See East Africa Samoa, 261 alaisa faÊapopo, 261 faÊapopo, 261 keke faÊi, 261, 498ă499 (recipe) koko, 261 poi, 261 suafaÊi soup, 261 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 615 Saudi Arabia See Arabian Peninsula Scotland, 289–293 clootie dumplings, 291ă292, 518ă519 (recipe) cranachan, 291, 519 (recipe) crowdie cheese, 291 Dundee cake, 290, 519ă520 (recipe) fruitcakes, 290 fruits, fresh and dried, 289 Irn-Bru, 291 jam/marmalade, 289 nuts, 289ă290 oatcakes, 289 petit gatelles, 290 pulled candy, 292 rock candy, 292 shortbread, 290, 520 (recipe) sweeties, 292 tablet, 291, 521 (recipe) Senegal See West Africa Serbia, 26 baklava, 26 slavi bread, 26 Sierra Leone, 379 kanyah, 379, 577ă578 (recipe) kashata, 379 Singapore, 293–295 apam balik, 295 cake, 295 kuih ambon, 295 kuih bahulu, 295 kuih lapis, 295, 522ă523 (recipe) chin loong pau, 295 coconuts, 295 honeydew sago, 521ă522 (recipe) klepon, 295 kopi, 295 jiang kueh, 295 peanuts, 295 rice flour, 295 green jelly „noodles,‰ 295 sweet rice cakes, 295 sagu gula melaka, 295 verkadalai urundai, 295, 523ă524 (recipe) youtiao (cruller), 295 Slovakia, 296–297 bobalki, 297 Bratislavské roky, 296ă297 breads, 297 paskha, 297 vianočka, 297, 525 (recipe) cakes, 296ă297 bábovka, 297 Dukátové buchtičky, 296, 524ă525 (recipe) kürtőskalács, 297 chocolate, 296 crêpes, 296 fruits, 296 palacinky, 296 pie, 296 skalický trdelník, 297 slivkové knedle dumpling, 296 sweet cottage cheese, 296 walnuts, 296 Somalia See Horn of Africa soups and stews, 378 suafaÊi soup, 261 sweet soup/fruit soup, 317, 549ă550 (recipe) South Africa See Southern Africa Southeast Asia, 298–300 Cambodia, 299ă300 ak ambok, 299 fruits, 299 nome shek Chiene, 300, 528 (recipe) sang khja lapov, 300, 528ă529 (recipe) Laos, 299 fruits, 299 khao nieow ma muang, 526ă527 (recipe) sticky rice, 299 Myanmar (Burma), 299 coconut, 299 halawa, 299 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 616 | Index jaggery, 299 mote lone yay paw, 299, 527ă528 (recipe) palata, 299 Vietnam, 300 bánh flan, 300 bánh tai yến, 300, 526 (recipe) custards, 300 fruits, 300 hoa qua dam, 300 nome shek Chiene, 300, 528 (recipe) sang khja lapov, 300, 528ă529 (recipe) Southern Africa, 300–303 beskuit (rusks), 302 beverages, 301 cakes, 301ă302 koesisters, 301, 529ă531 (recipe) vetkoek („fat cake‰), 301, 302 cookies, 301ă302 koeksisters, 301, 529ă531 (recipe) soetkoekies, 302, 533 (recipe) sweet cookies, 302 flavored popcorn, 301 fruit leathers, 303 fruits, 301 honey, 303 jams and preserves, 303 magwinya, 302 malvapoeding, 302ă303, 531 (recipe) marula fruit, 301 beverages, 301 jelly, 301 kernels (raw/roasted), 301 seeds, 301 melktert, 303, 531ă532 (recipe) mosbolletjies, 301 nuts, 301 ouma beskuit, 302 pastries, 301 sugarcane, 303 tameletjie, 303, 533ă534 (recipe) South Sudan See Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan Spain, 303–308 almendrados, 306, 534ă535 (recipe) almonds, 304 beverage, 305ă307 hot chocolate, 305 jerez dulce (sherry), 307 orxata/horchata de chufa, 306, 537ă538 (recipe) catànies, 307 chocolate, 305 crema Catalana, 307, 535 (recipe) crema de Sant Josep, 307 fartons, 306, 536ă537 (recipe) fruits, 305, 307 black Basque cherry, 305 creme stuffed fruit, 307 honey, 304 manjar blanco, 307 mató de pedralbes, 307 mel i mató, 308, 537 (recipe) miel (honey), 303 natillas, 307 pastel vasco/gâteau basque, 307, 538ă539 (recipe) peres de Lleida, 307 sugarcane, 304 tigernuts (tubers), 306 xuixos pastry, 307 Spanish Caribbean, 309–314 alimbar, 310 buñuelos, 310 coconut milk tapioca pudding, 310ă311, 543 (recipe) coconuts, 311 Cuba, 309ă313 banana rum custard, 313 batata/boniato, 313 bizcocho criolla, 540ă541 (recipe) coquimol, 313 donuts, 313 flan de coco y ron, 313 granizados, 311 panela, 310 pastries, 310 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 617 pineapple, 311 puddings, 310ă311, 313 rum cake, 313 sugarcane, 309 sweet potato cake, 313 tocinillo de cielo, 313 Dominican Republic, 310ă312 arañitas, 310, 540 (recipe) arepitas de yuca, 540 (recipe) bizcocho criolla, 312, 540ă541 (recipe) Dominican meringue (suspiro) frosting, 312, 541ă543 (recipe) frios-frios/guayaos, 311 majarete dominicano, 312 granizados, 311 honey, 309 jelly, 314 malanga, 310 Puerto Rico, 310ă314 bizcocho de ron, 313ă314 buñuelos de yuca, 310 majarete pudding, 312 mantecaditos, 314, 543ă544 (recipe) nisperos de batata, 313 piraguas/piraguero, 311 tembleque de coco, 311, 544ă545 (recipe) tigernuts (tuber), 306 Sri Lanka, 314–317 beverages, 316 Ceylon tea, 316 sweet coffee, 316 thambili, 316 cakes, 315ă316 bol fiado, 315ă316 Christmas cake, 545ă546 (recipe) cookies, 314ă315 ijzer koeljes cookies, 315 shortbread sugar cookies, 314 criollo cocoa, 315 custards, 316 fruits, 314, 316 jelly/preserves/marmalades, 315 nuts, 316 sweetened cashews, 547 (recipe) puddings, 316 cornstarch pudding, 316 jaggery pudding, 316 sago pudding, 316, 546ă547 (recipe) „Singapore pudding,‰ 316, 546ă547 (recipe) scones, 316 sugarcane, 316 sweet coffee, 316 waffles, 316 wattalapam, 316 Sudan See Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan Sugar, xxiiăxxiv, xxvăxxvii, 152, 167ă168, 175ă176, 276ă277 Swaziland See Southern Africa Sweden, 317–320 cake, 318, 320, 548 applecake, 318 jordgubbstårta, 318, 548 (recipe) rhumtopf, 318 spettkaka, 320 dammsugare pastry, 320 fika, 319 francipankräm filling, 548ă549 (recipe) fruits, 317ă318, 320 lingonberry, 320 påskmust drink, 320 pepparkakor, 319, 549 (recipe) pies, 320 punschrolle pastry, 320 smörgåsbord desserts, 317ă318 sweet soup/fruit soup, 317, 549ă550 (recipe) Zingiber officinale (ginger), 319 Switzerland, 321–324 Basler leckerli, 323 cakes, 322, 324 biskuitroulade/roulade, 324 cheesecake, 322 candied fruits, 323 chocolate, 321ă322 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 618 | Index Christmas cookies, 324, 552 cookies, 322ă324 Basler brunsli, 323, 550ă551 (recipe) chnüblätz, 324, 551ă552 (recipe) chräbeli, 324 couque de Dinant, 323 magenbrot cookies, 322 Mailänderli, 324, 552 (recipe) Schwabenbrötli, 323 tirggel, 323 Weihnachts Guetzli, 322 zimtsterne, 324 honey, 322 kirschwasser, 322, 323 roulade, 324 süsser mürbeteig, 322 Swiss meringue, 324 Swiss rolls, 324 tarts, 322 Apfelwähe, 322 Wähen, 322 Syria, 325–328 Arabic coffee, 328 atar syrup, 327 balloriyyeh, 326 batlawa, 326 candied pears, 328 cookies, 324ă327 barazeh, 327 ghraibeh, 324ă325 karabeej halab, 326ă327, 553ă554 (recipe) maÊamoul, 324ă325 fruit salad, 328 fruits (dried/fresh), 328 hais, 325 jibneh mshallaleh/halabi (cheese), 327 katayef, 325 knafeh dessert, 327 mabrumeh, 326 mahlab, 326 marzipan sweets, 327 natef, 326 nuts, 325ă328 phyllo pastry, 326 pistachio halva, 327, 554 (recipe) pomegranates, 326 qamar al-deen (candy/pudding), 328 samna (ghee), 326 sweet dates, 326, 327 sweet goat cheese, 325 tamria, 327 Tahiti, 262 firi firi, 262 poÊe, 262, 499ă500 (recipe) vanilla, 262 Taiwan, 329–331 aiyu (jelly), 330 azuki, 329 blood rice pudding, 331 bubble tea, 330 cakes, 329ă330 pineapple, 329 tai yang bing, 329, 554ă556 (recipe) traditional cakes, 330 candied pineapple, 329 Chinese donuts, 329 durian, 331 fen yuan, 329ă330 figs, 191, 330 fried dough delights, 330 fruits, 330 fruit-syrup flavored shaved ice, 330 mantou, 329 mochi, 329 rice, 329ă331 blood rice pudding, 331 mini rice ball treats, 330 mochi, 329 rice flour, 330 shaved ice mountain, 330 sweet peanut powder, 332 sweet potatoes, 331 sweet sesame flat bread, 329 sweet stinky tofu, 330 sweetbread, 330 tapioca balls, 330 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 619 Tajikistan, 71 fruits, 71 Tanzania See East Africa tarts Apfelwähe, 322 butter tarts, 56, 400ă401 (recipe) egg custard tarts, 155, 156 Linzer shortbreads and tarts, 162 pastelitos de coco tarts, 44 tarte tatin (apple tart), 132ă133, 431ă432 (recipe) Wähen, 322 taste, xxiiiăxxiv Thailand, 331–335 candies, 322ă324 candied pumpkin, 332 chit, 334 foi thong, 334 tan, 334 cha mongkut, 333 chit/tan, 333 coconut, 331ă333 fios de ovos, 333 fruit-based treats, 334 ma prang, 334 namtan kuan, 334 nipah, 334 noina, 334 plum chin, 334 huara, 332 khanom keson lum-chiak, khanom lum-chiak, 332 khanom phing, 332 khao too, 332 kluai buat chi, 333, 556 (recipe) num loi dok mali, 332 nuts, 334 ovos moles, 333 patchouli/phimsen, 332 rice-treats, 331ă335 bua loi, 333 kao niew ma muang, 335 khanom lum-chiak, khanom kesonlum-chiak, 332 khanom thian, 332 ma-tum, 332 muskot, 332 rang-rai, 334 sangkhaya na tang khai, 331 thong muan, 334 sangkhaya, 331, 556ă557 (recipe) sangkhaya fakthong, 331, 557 (recipe) sarim, 332 thong yod, 333 The Gambia See West Africa Tibet, 335–337 carrot barfi, 336, 557ă558 (recipe) chang (sweet beer), 336 dresil (sweet rice), 336 dri cheese, 337 droma, 336 kapse, 336, 558 (recipe) nuts, 336 omdre, 336 raisins, 336 rasbari (cheese balls), 336 rice, 336ă337 dresil, 337 omdre, 336 sikarni, 336, 559 (recipe) sweet tea, 336 timo rolls, 336 Togo See West Africa Tunisia, 250, 494ă495 kaak dÊEssaouira cookies, 250 yo-yos, 250, 494ă495 (recipe) Turkey, 337–344 baklava, 339ă341 börek, 341 date syrup, 338 fruits, 337ă338, 340 dried fruits, 338 drinks, 340 fruit candies, 337ă338 hoşaf (compote), 339ă340 stewed fruit, 337 hais, 342 Helva-ỵ Sõbỷnợ, 344, 559560 (recipe) Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 620 | Index honey, 338 jams, 337ă338 kadayif, 338, 339 lalanga, 339 laz böreği, 341ă342 lokma, 338 lokum, 343, 560ă561 (recipe) milk custards, 340 muhallebi, 338 nuts, 331, 343 pastries, 340 pekmez, 339ă341 phyllo pastry, 340ă341 puddings, 338339, 342 aure pudding, 339 gỹllaỗ, 342 muhallebi, 338 palỹze, 339 zerde rice pudding, 338ă340 rahatuÊl-hulkum (Turkish delight), 343ă344 şeker boaỗa, 338 eker bửrek, 338 eker kurabiye, 338 sherbets, 337, 340 şira, 340 sweets, 342 tahini, 338 Turkish delight, 344 vegetable sweets, 339 Turkmenistan, 71 bogursak, 71 Uganda See East Africa Ukraine, 345–347 babka, 345ă346 cheese-apple babka, 345ă346, 561 (recipe) breads kolach, 346 paska, 345 fruits, fresh and dried, 345ă346 kutia, 346ă347 nuts, 345 pampushky, 346ă347, 562 (recipe) povýdlo, 347, 563 (recipe) pryaniki, 347 rose petal preserves, 346 United Arab Emirates (UAE) See Arabian Peninsula United States, 347–367 banana-split, 355, 565 (recipe) Belgian waffles, 358 cakes, 361ă365 angel food, 363 Appalachian apple stack, 363, 563ă564 (recipe) Boston cream pie, 364 cake mix, 363 carrot, 363ă364 chocolate, 361ă362 cup cakes, 120 devilÊs food, 362 GermanÊs chocolate, 361 gooey butter, 364 hummingbird, 363ă364, 566 (recipe) Martha WashingtonÊs Great Cake, 361 pound, 120, 363 red velvet, 361ă362 „Savoy biscuit‰ (small cake, Jefferson), 351, 568 (recipe) strawberry shortcake, 365 twelve-egg chiffon, 570ă571 (recipe) Twinkies, 365 candies, 351, 356, 367 candied citron/pumpkin, 351 candy bars, 367 candy-coated popcorn/peanuts, 356 fruit-flavored candies, 367 Hershey chocolate, 366 jelly beans, 366ă367 M&Ms, 367 Tootsie Rolls, 366 cheesecake, 364ă365, 569ă570 (recipe) cherry tarts, 348 cookbooks, 367 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index | 621 cookies, 351, 356ă358, 365 butter drop, 357, 565 (recipe) chocolate chip, 356ă357 fortune, 357ă358 Oreo, 356 Girl Scout, 356, 567ă568 (recipe) Toll House, 357 Cracker Jack, 355 donuts, 358ă360 dried apple filling, 564 (recipe) fried dough, 360ă361 fry bread, 361, 567 (recipe) Hershey chocolate, 366 ice cream, 350ă355 banana split, 347, 355, 565 (recipe) frozen custard, 353 ice-cream cone, 352ă353 ice-cream soda, 352 sandwich, 353 sorbeto, 354 sundae, 352 vanilla ice cream (Jefferson), 351, 569 (recipe) jelly beans, 366ă367 M&Ms, 367 marshmallow-based treats, 365ă366 New York cheesecake, 364ă365, 569ă570 (recipe) nuts, 347, 355, 365, 367 Ojibwa American Indian fry bread, 567 (recipe) pies, 347ă350, 364 apple, 347ă349 blueberry pie, 350 cherry, 348 peach, 348 pie la mode, 347, 349ă350 pumpkin, 348 Rice Krispies bars, 366 sÊmores, 365ă366 Tootsie Rolls, 366 urban legends, 357, 362 Uzbekistan, 71 honey, 71 khalva, 71 navat, 71 Venezuela, 371–373 cakes, 371ă372, 374 bien me sabe de coco, 372, 572ă574 (recipe) tres leches, 374 wine-soaked cake, 371ă372 crème caramel, 372ă373 dulce de lechoza, 372ă373, 574 (recipe) fruits, 371 frutas en almíbar (fruits in syrup), 371 honey, 371ă372 polvorosas, 372, 574ă575 (recipe) quesillo, 372ă373, 575 (recipe) sweets, 371 Vietnam, 300 bánh flan, 300 bánh tai yến, 300, 526 (recipe) custards, 300 fruits, 300 hoa qua dam, 300 nome shek Chiene, 300, 528 (recipe) sang khja Lapov, 300, 528ă529 (recipe) Wales, 374–376 bara brith, 375, 575ă576 (recipe) dried fruits, 374ă375 fruits, 374ă375 griddled teacakes, 375ă376 puddings, 375 Monmouth, 375 Pwdin Eryri, 375 Welsh cakes, 576 (recipe) West Africa, 377–380 avocado fool, 378 banana peanut cake, 379 banana-rice bread, 380 bananas (baked/fried), 379 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 622 | Index candy, 379 lemon coconut candy, 379 papaya candy, 379 Côte dÊIvoire, 378 akee apples, 378 date syrup, 378 dates, 378 exotic fruit preserves, 380 fried plantain, 379 fruits, 378 garri, 379 Ghana, 378ă379 akee apples, 378 banana peanut cake, 379, 577 (recipe) date syrup („date honey‰), 378 groundnut (peanut) paté (paté dÊarachide), 379ă380 honey, 378 Liberia, 379 pies, 379 paté dÊarachide, 379ă380 peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich, 379ă380 roasted sweet groundnuts (peanuts), 379 Sierra Leone, 379 kanyah, 379, 577ă578 (recipe) kashata, 379 soup, 378 sugarcane, 379 Yemen coconuts, coffee, honey, www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ABOUT THE AUTHORS From their high school years in the 1960s at Holy Trinity High School in Winsted, Minnesota, where Kim won the Betty Crocker Homemaker of Tomorrow Award and Tim won third place in a regional cake baking contest (and each one the otherÊs heart), the authors have been interested in each other, the cultures of food, and the role of food in cultures, and especially in sweet treats Timothy G Roufs continued in his professional life to anthropological research on Native American foods with the Dr Joseph H CashÊs American Indian History Project (New York: Clearwater Publishing Co., 1981), and on the ethnography of Minnesota Anishinabe peoples Tim, a pioneer in online education, currently teaches an Anthropology of Food class online and at the University of Minnesota Duluth, a class popular with both traditional and nontraditional students alike Tim holds a PhD in anthropology from the University of Minnesota Kathleen S Roufs is Director Emerita of the Advisement Coordination Center at the University of Minnesota Duluth KimÊs published works include papers on hearing loss in higher education faculty members and on applied theory in academic advising Kim holds an EdD in higher education policy and administration from the University of Minnesota Kim currently serves as a mentor in the Academy on Persistence and Completion of the Higher Learning Commission Tim and Kim have lived and traveled in more than 30 countries, enjoying their culinary traditions and collecting, testing, and creating recipes Few things represent cultures as does their foods, and among foods, sweet treats are universal, and it is to these that they most often turn their attention 623 ... sparingly And the world of sweet treats? ?and the world as well·has never been the same Sugar is now one of the major food products in the world A large part of the increasing use of sugar as a sweetener... important in sweet treats by the Chinese and Japanese thousands of years ago and by other mothers and grandmothers around the world for generation upon generation Mouthfeel is second only to the bliss... Barcelona, Spain? ?the future is the past The traditional sweet treats that grandmother made·using word -of- mouth instructions from her grandmother, and she from her long line of grandmothers of the unknown