More Praise for The Mosaic Principle “A powerful case that the jack-of-all-trades can be a master of many Nick Lovegrove highlights the rising costs of specialization, encouraging us all to unleash our curiosity and go broad.” —Adam Grant, Wharton professor and New York Times bestselling author of Originals and Give and Take “The Mosaic Principle underscores why critical issues like national security and economic advancement cannot be adequately addressed by people with one-dimensional skills and experience We need many more people who can cross between different walks of life, sharing their expertise and perspectives—not just in fiction, but in real life Nick Lovegrove’s book is a must-read that offers us a practical and compelling guide to meeting this challenge.” —Daniel Silva, #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Gabriel Allon novels, most recently The Black Widow “In a society where even elementary schools kids are told to pick one sport, Nick Lovegrove’s conclusion that the best life path features wide-ranging experiences, even those we aren’t good at, should be a breath of fresh air.” —Peter Cappelli, George W Taylor Professor of Management, The Wharton School “A thoughtful plea for breadth of experience and learning over intense specialization All readers looking to break out of an intellectual box of their own making will find a refreshing new viewpoint on their personal and professional lives in this convincing manifesto.” —Publishers Weekly “We pay a high price—both individually and as a society—for our obsession with narrow specialization and the trap of being a ‘one-trick pony.’ Nick Lovegrove’s pragmatic guidelines—such as a developed moral compass, a prepared mind, and a robust intellectual thread—provide the road map for a more fulfilling life and an extraordinary career in an ever-changing, complex, multidimensional world.” —Erin Meyer, professor, INSEAD, and author of The Culture Map “Nick Lovegrove’s book compellingly makes the case for why the world needs more ‘tri-sector athletes’—to build a more long-term, inclusive capitalism will require just the kind of breadth of experience and perspective these leaders possess.” —Dominic Barton, global managing partner, McKinsey & Company Copyright © 2016 by Nick Lovegrove Published in the United States by PublicAffairs™, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews For information, address PublicAffairs, 250 West 57th Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10107 PublicAffairs books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the US by corporations, institutions, and other organizations For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at Perseus Books, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia PA 19103, call (800) 810-4145, ext 5000, or e-mail special.markets@perseusbooks.com Book design by Trish Wilkinson Set in 11.5-point Minion Pro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lovegrove, Nick, author Title: The mosaic principle: the six dimensions of a remarkable life and career / Nick Lovegrove Description: New York: PublicAffairs, 2016 Identifiers: LCCN2016015676 | ISBN 9781610395571 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Success in business | Success—Psychological aspects | Self-actualization (Psychology) | BISAC: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Workplace Culture | SELF-HELP / Personal Growth / Success Classification: LCC HF5386 L7842 2016 | DDC 650.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016015676 First Edition 10 For Alyssa CONTENTS Prologue: What Is the Mosaic Principle? PART WHY BUILD A BROADER LIFE AND CAREER? The Saint and the Sinner: The Six Dimensions of the Mosaic Principle The Perils of Depth, the Gifts of Breadth: Doing What the Specialists Can’t Do PART THE SIX DIMENSIONS OF THE MOSAIC PRINCIPLE Doing What Seems Right: Applying Your Moral Compass On Being T-Shaped: Defining an Intellectual Thread The Foundation That Is Common to Them All: Developing Transferrable Skills Listen, Learn, Adapt: Investing in Contextual Intelligence Structured Serendipity: Building an Extended Network Carpe Diem: Having a Prepared Mind PART HOW TO BUILD A REMARKABLE LIFE AND CAREER How to Broaden Your Career 10 How to Broaden Your Life Epilogue: Seeking Professional Success and Personal Fulfilment Acknowledgments Notes References Index PROLOGUE: WHAT IS THE MOSAIC PRINCIPLE? IN 1953 SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL won the Nobel Prize This seemed like a fitting tribute to the esteemed British prime minister who had led the successful fight against Nazi Germany in World War II, and who had then helped restore peace across a shattered Europe But Churchill didn’t win the Nobel Peace Prize—he won the Nobel Prize in Literature As author of the four-volume History of the English-Speaking Peoples and the six-volume The Second World War—as well as many other published books and hundreds of speeches—Churchill was heralded “for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values.” He was celebrated for the captivating splendor of his words—but perhaps even more than that, for the inspiring example he set as a broad, multidimensional human being, committed to living a very full life OF COURSE, NONE OFus can match Winston Churchill Yet in shaping our lives, each of us does have a choice: greater breadth or greater depth In today’s world, there are intensifying pressures on us to choose depth, because the world is increasingly obsessed with the power of narrow specialist expertise But if we always shape our lives that way, then we all too easily become “one-trick ponies,” defined and directed by the limited parameters of our one trick—and perhaps we lose something of what makes us special and distinctive as individuals If all of us make that same choice, then we find ourselves living in a “one-trick pony world”—and in a society much less equipped to tackle the complex, multidimensional challenges that now confront us More of us are experts, but few of us have the coping skills to succeed in our ever-changing, more complex, and diverse society If, instead, we resist the siren call of ever greater specialization, if at least sometimes we move in the direction of breadth, diversity, and life outside the comfort zone, then we open up all sorts of possibilities People who take this broader approach to their life and career—and there are more than a few of them—are following what I call the Mosaic Principle The word “mosaic” derives originally from the Greek word mouseios, “belonging to the Muses”—hence its artistic application Most mosaics are composed of small, flat, roughly square pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae; but some, especially floor mosaics, can be composed of rounded pieces of stone and are called “pebble mosaics.” In truth, any collection of small, textured, or colorful items will produce an image of eclectic breadth and diversity—but when one steps back, the visual impression is of a multifaceted unity As an art form, the mosaic has a long history, going back to Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC As a metaphorical concept, the mosaic has an almost equally durable heritage—as the defining image for a multicultural society: ethnic groups, languages, and cultures that can coexist without losing or abandoning their own individual character This book defines the mosaic as an organizing concept not just for society but for each of us as individuals The essence of the Mosaic Principle is that we can each build a remarkable life and career of eclectic breadth and diversity—rather like assembling small pieces of material and placing them together to create a unified whole When we follow this principle, we too can experience the pleasure and fulfilment of a full, well-rounded adaptable life When we follow the Mosaic Principle, we have more options in our career and more choices in our life We see things through a wider lens and are better able to understand the big picture, the forest as well as the trees We are also better equipped to adapt and apply whatever specialist skills we may have accumulated to be a more effective expert in our field, wherever that may be When we choose this path, we are more likely to become truly broad-minded—tolerant, empathetic, and understanding of differences in perspective and points of view This is partly a matter of personality type—each of us may have an intrinsic propensity for greater breadth or depth But mostly it’s a matter of personal choice—each of us determines, by the choices we make, whether to shape our life in the direction of greater breadth or greater depth—whether to follow the Mosaic Principle and to what degree Over the course of our lives, we can decide just to swim in our lane or to use the whole pool; to more of the same or to change things up from time to time; to define ourselves narrowly or to bring our whole self to our life and work Because we have considerable discretion over how deep or how broad we become, it is important to consider why this matters and what to about it That’s what this book is about So whom is this book for? Well, as they say at the start of a circus performance, it is “for children of all ages.” Whatever your current stage of life, you have important choices to make about how you build (or in some cases, rebuild) your life and career If you’re in the early stages—at school or college or just starting your professional career—then you have an almost unlimited set of choices, at least in theory But the temptation to focus on a narrow specialism will already be there—reinforced by well-intentioned counsel from mentors and peers That early path toward a deep but narrow life may already seem difficult to reverse, lest you lose your foot on the ladder This book will give you both the courage and capability to build the foundations for a broader life—and at minimum, to go broad before you go too deep If you’re in the middle of your life and career, you may feel that your path is now set and your destination determined—you may already feel imprisoned in the golden cage of your accumulated experience and expertise But if you are looking for something more and different, I hope you will find here both the tools and inspiration to broaden your life and career, through steps small and large If you’re at the peak of your career, perhaps with others looking to you for leadership and direction, this book will suggest how you can get the most out of yourself and those around you—how you can retain and nurture a broad-minded approach to leadership, rich with nuance and perspective And if your formal career is over or soon will be, I hope you will draw from these pages a sense of further opportunity to broaden your life, capturing in every sense the scope and potential offered by “active retirement”—and proving that with time “we get better at living.” Indeed, each of us has the opportunity to build a broader life, whatever stage we have reached— but the task of doing so is up to us This book shows why it matters—to each of us as individuals and to our society And it explores, in practical, real-life terms, how to it—by applying a set of skills that will enable personal and professional fulfillment If you apply the Mosaic Principle, you too can have a remarkable life and career PART WHY BUILD A BROADER LIFE AND CAREER? specialization in educational system, 20–21, 298 Efros, Anatoly, 188 elections, 43–44, 74, 94, 133, 151, 187, 192, 250, 257, 259 elephant metaphor, 173–174 embezzlement, 38 emerging markets, 177, 240 empathy, 184 Endgame, Inc., 144 energy issues, 47, 59, 107, 112, 114, 158, 245 energy service notion, 115–116 energy-water-food nexus, 52–53 Engel, George, 183 ENRON (musical), 15 Enron Corporation, 13, 14–15, 16, 17, 22, 38, 39, 113, 115 entertainment, 19, 140, 203 entrepreneurs, 162, 206, 247, 275, 295 entrepreneurial mindset, 231 See also social entrepreneurs Entwhistle, George, 137 environmental issues, 26, 112, 114, 220 Environmental and Energy Study Institute, 116 environmental movement, 108 EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 106–107 See also climate change; Deepwater Horizon oil disaster; water issues Ethos Water brand, 240 Eton College, 186 eToro platform, 207 European Central Bank, 123 Everybody’s Business (Miller and Parker), 51 Everything Store, The (Stone), 53 Expedia, 242 experimentation, 60, 172, 203, 214, 229 expertise, 19, 26, 62, 172, 268 See also depth; specialization Facebook, 88, 98, 213–214, 220 Fairbairn, Carolyn, 236 false consensus, 43 Fannie Mae, 37 Farmer, Dr Paul, 9–12, 34, 35, 69–70, 80–81, 90, 243 and Jeff Skilling, 15–18 Farrell, Diana, 133, 181 fashion collections, 57–58 Faust, Drew, 23, 146–147 Federal Communications Commission, 241, 242–243 Federal Energy Administration, 114 Federal Reserve, 118, 123, 132 feedback, 56 Fenwick, Andrew, 225 Ferrari, Bernie, 60, 182–184, 225 Fick, Nate, 142–144 financial crisis of 2008, 21, 22, 36–41, 44–45, 77, 96, 113, 116–117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 131, 133, 227 Financial Times, 124–125 Fire and Ashes (Ignatieff), 95, 256 Flaubert, Gustave, 281 flexibility, 60, 107, 147, 268, 297 focus, 129–130, 140, 270, 295 Foley Center for the Study of Lives, 278–279, 280–281, 284 Forbes magazine, 52 Ford Foundation, 220 Ford Motor Company, 134, 238 forecasts/predictions, 42, 43, 44 foresight, 39, 42, 44, 46 Fortuna, 257, 258 See also prepared mind: “chance favors only the prepared mind” Fortune magazine, 150, 155 Frankl, Viktor, 83–84, 286, 291 Franklin, Benjamin, 64–65, 205 fraud, 15, 149 Freddie Mac, 37 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 79 Frydman, Carola, 145, 149 Fuller, Buckminster, 131 Full Life, A: Reflections at Ninety (Carter), 251, 253 funding/grants, 181, 200, 212–213, 219, 220, 240 Future Babble: Why Expert Predictions Are Next to Worthless, and You Can Do Better (Gardner), 42 future world, 22–23, 38, 54 See also forecasts/predictions Galbraith, J K., 38 Galileo, 33–34 Galleon Scandal, 82 Gans, Herbert, 211 Garagiola, Robert J., 200 Gardner, Dan, 42 Gawande, Atul, 19–20, 183 Gazzaniga, Dr Michael, 295 Geithner, Tim, 44, 45, 96, 117–118, 121, 133 Genachowski, Julius, 241–243 general management, 59–60 General Motors (GM), 133, 134 generativity, 279, 280 Georgetown McDonough School of Business, 201–202 Gerstner, Lou, 164 Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Career (Granovetter), 215–216 Gimbel, Barney, 155 Gingrich, Newt, 107 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 205 Give and Take (Grant), 101 Giving Pledge, 233 Gladwell, Malcolm, 19, 288 Global Climate Coalition, 47 global economy, 21, 45, 117, 123, 124 See also financial crisis of 2008 Global 200, 116 Godart, Frederic, 57 Goldberg, Dave, 275–276, 278 Goldman, Jason, 159–160 Goldman Sachs, 82, 228 Goleman, Daniel, 178–179 Good to Great (Collins), 140 Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 63 Gore, Al, 251 Gotbaum, Josh, 150–153, 169, 231–232 government, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 58, 93, 94, 106, 114, 120, 121, 134, 142, 157, 179, 181, 186, 209, 219 response to the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster, 105 and tech skills from Silicon Valley, 157–160 transitioning from government to business, 194 See also revolving door Granovetter, Mark, 215–216, 222 Grant, Adam, 57, 101, 113, 144, 145, 150, 204, 223–224, 225, 226, 269, 275, 295 Gratitude (Sacks), 274–275 Grazer, Brian, 203–204, 222 Great Depression, 163 “Great Intimidators, The” (Kramer), 164 Green, John, 294 Greenblatt, Jonathan, 240–241 Greenblatt, Stephen, 33, 34 Greene, Joshua, 55 Greenpeace, 49, 51, 105 G20 countries, 123, 124 Guardian newspaper, 74–75, 186, 277, 291 Gupta, Rajat, 14, 82 Gutierrez, Father Gustavo, 81 Hague, William, 192 Haidt, Jonathan, 293 Haigh, John, 222, 226 Haiti, 7–12, 70, 81, 243, 244 2010 earthquake in, Zanmi Lasante clinic in, 10–11 Hall, Tony, 135–137, 138, 139, 225 Hanna-Barbera Productions, 238 happiness, 86–87, 253, 281, 283, 293 Happiness Hypothesis, The (Haidt), 293 Harper, Stephen, 257 Harvard University, 128, 218, 254 Harvard Business Review, 57, 115, 176, 191, 192, 226 Harvard Business School, 85, 114, 144, 175, 190 Harvard Law Review, 241 Harvard Medical School, 10 Kennedy School of Government, 94, 144, 171, 209, 219, 221, 222, 226 Hawaiian Airlines, 152 Hayes, David, 26, 104–106, 108–109, 112–113 Hayward, Tony, 57 health-care programs, 10, 74, 158, 161, 199 Healthpoint Services (India), 157 Heart & Stroke Foundation, 167–168 hedge funds, 82, 92 Hedgehog and the Fox, The (Berlin), 42, 109–110 hedonic adaptation, 43 Heifetz, Ronald, 28, 171, 176, 177–178, 183 Helman, Scott, 94 Henisz, Witold, 226 Henry VIII (king), 62 herding instinct, 43 Hero with a Thousand Faces, The (Campbell), 279 Heywood, Vikki, 185 Hippocratic Oath, 184 Hoffman, Reid, 205, 206, 231 honesty, 82, 89, 283 Hooker, Richard, 34 Hoover, Herbert, 163 Hormats, Robert “Bob,” 227–228 Horvitz, Robert, 126–127 housing, 11, 53, 152–153, 232 Howard, Michael, 193 Howard, Ron, 203 How to Live (Bakewell), 282–282 How to Live on 24 Hours a Day (Bennett), 285 hubris, 39–40, 44, 46, 257, 258 Hull, Raymond, 187 human capital, 13 Human Genome Project, 127 humanism, 33, 273 humanities, 23, 55, 128, 147, 210 human rights, 59 IBM, 164, 212, 220 identity, 79, 80, 278–279 Ignatieff, Michael, 94–95, 256–259 imagination, 210, 212 IMF (International Monetary Fund), 96 improving oneself, 97 income inequality, 93 Independent newspaper, 75 India, 47, 52, 55, 157, 180 individuality, 35 IndyMac, 37 innovation, 158, 203, 204 In Other Words (Lahiri), 249 INSEAD business school, 56 insider trading, 82 integrity, 81, 82, 85, 86 intellectual thread, 25–26, 32, 65, 103, 104, 109, 112, 121, 124, 129, 130, 228 building/finding an intellectual thread, 113–116, 125–130, 264 questions concerning, 265 Internet, 12, 53, 73, 76, 145 freedom and openness of, 242 Interpreter of Maladies (Lahiri), 248 In Their Time: The Greatest Business Leaders of the 20th Century (Mayo and Nohria), 176 introvert-extrovert spectrum, 31, 101 inventions/inventors, 268, 295 Iran hostage crisis, 250 Iraq, 153–157 business and stability task force in, 155, 156 Iraq War, 74, 143, 148, 149, 150 Isaacson, Walter, 65 Isdell, Neville, 49 Israel, 147–148, 206–207, 238 Italy, 248 jobs, 15, 133, 150, 155, 200, 212, 215, 218 Jobs, Steve, 125, 233–234 Johnson, Lyndon, 173 Johnson, Magic, 173 Johnson, Steven, 294 journalism, 134, 135, 197, 237 JP Morgan Chase, 276 Jung, Carl, 31, 286–287 Jusserand, Jean Jules, 63 Kahneman, Daniel, 117, 138 Kakuzo, Okakura, 178 Kanarek, Larry, 222 Kay, John, 22–23, 38 Kennedy, John F., 24, 61, 77 Kennedy, Ted, 163 Kent, Muhtar, 51 Keohane, Nannerl O., 164, 210, 211–212 Khanna, Tarun, 176–177 Kidder, Tracy, 11, 12, 243–244 Kim, Jim Yong, 243–244 King, Sir Mervyn, 124 Kirkland, Rik, 225–226 Kissinger, Henry, 189–190, 228, 284 Kitchin, David, 272–273 Kopp, Wendy, 91 Korn/Ferry firm, 150 Kramer, Roderick, 164 Kranish, Michael, 94 Kumar, Anil, 82 Kyte, Rachel, 222 Lahiri, Jhumpa, 248–249 Land, Edwin, 113 Lander, Eric, 126–130 language, 56, 181, 217, 249 Lay, Kenneth, 14 Layne, Bobby, 284–285 leadership, 4, 17, 23, 40, 51, 57, 69, 85, 91, 92, 96, 138, 155, 158, 165, 166, 168, 182, 210 adaptive, 171, 172–173, 174, 176, 178 broad people as leaders, 59–65 business leaders transitioning into government, 161, 194, 195–196 effective leadership traits, 140–141 first US generation of great leaders, 175 future business leaders, 142–150 as improvising, 147 leadership approach to politics, 162 leadership hierarchy and approach, 180–181 leaders vs managers, 60 as leading teams, 141 leading yourself, 27, 142 and military experience, 144–145, 149–150 transformational, 135, 136 See also CEOs Lean In (Sandberg), 215, 275 Lee, James B., 276–277, 278 Lee (Viscount), 63 Lehman Brothers, 37, 132 Leibovitch, Mark, 199 Leighton, Allan, 192 Let There Be Water: Israel’s Solution for a Water-Starved World (Siegel), 238 Levin, Bernard, 281 Levin, Daniel, 224 Levitin, Daniel, 19 Lewis, Michael, 40 Liar’s Poker (Lewis), 40 liberation theology, 10, 80–81 life phases, 239–240, 251–253, 278, 285, 286, 287, 299, 301 life stories, 273, 278–284 life turning points, 280 lifestyle, 87, 88, 94, 97, 101 Lincoln, Abraham, 28 LinkedIn, 149, 158, 205, 216–217, 231 Lipin, Steve, 276 Lippmann, Walter, 71 listening, 182–185, 191 Litow, Stan, 212 Lobenstine, Margaret, 129 London Evening Standard, 76 Lovegrove, Alyssa, 201–202, 300 Lovegrove, Bill, 20 Lucretius, 33 McAdams, Dan, 278 McBride, Jonathan, 179, 182 McCain, John, 160 McCormick, David, 118–119, 121, 196–197 MacCulloch Diarmaid, 63 Machiavelli, 34, 178, 230, 257 Macintosh computers, 234 McKinsey & Company, 14, 24, 72–76, 78, 82, 91, 171, 182, 193, 195, 201, 222, 225, 235, 236, 254, 289, 300 author’s changes of role and direction within, 290 and No 10 Downing Street, 74, 75, 291 Washington Office of, 246 McLean, Bethany, 44–45 McNamara, Robert, 245 Magee, Bryan, 111 making money, 89, 92–94 Malaya Bronnaya theater in Moscow, 188 Man’s Search for Meaning (Frankl), 83 Mantel, Hilary, 62 Marine Corps, 142–144 Markova, Dawna, 271 Martha’s Table, 233 mathematics, 126, 288 Mating Mind, The (Miller), 217 Mayo, Anthony, 175–176 meaning/purpose, 83–84, 265, 286, 287 media, 43, 76, 78, 79, 104, 132, 140, 192, 225, 247, 256 broadband plan, 242–243 medical issues, 9–10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 21, 45–46, 51, 61, 81, 101, 128, 167, 183–184, 203–204, 244, 248, 289 See also cancer; public health mentors, 277 See also board of personal mentors Metamorphosis (Ovid), 249 Meyer, Erin, 56, 58 Microsoft, 213, 220, 232 military, 142–146, 206 Israeli Talpiot unit, 147–148 military housing, 152–153, 232 US military, 142–144, 148–149 millennials, 95 Miller, Geoffrey, 217 Miller, Harrison, 53 Miller, Jon, 51, 59 mind-set, growth vs fixed, 34–35 MIT, 127, 128, 207 money question, 89 See also making money; wealth Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 281–282, 284 moral compass, 25, 65, 69, 87, 90, 100, 264, 299 finding one’s moral compass, 79–87 questions concerning, 265 See also morality morality, 16 moral complexity, 69–72, 76, 78, 80, 83 moral crisis, 279 moral traits, 79, 82 and questions concerning motivation map, 90–97 See also moral compass Morel, Captain Brent, 143 Morgan Stanley, 132 Mormon Church, 165–166 Morris, Hank, 132 Mosaic Principle, 299 and career stages, 3–4 essence of, questions to ask concerning, 265–266 six dimensions of, 24–29, 32, 65, 109, 137, 168, 169, 175, 202, 231, 264–266 See also breadth mosaics, motivation, 83, 86, 202, 295 motivation map, 25, 87–97, 97–103, 142 Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World (Kidder), 11, 12, 243–244 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 19 multiculturalism, 2, 57 Munger, Charlie, 38 Murnighan, Keith, 224 Museum of Natural History, 114 music, 172, 276, 291, 292, 295 National Broadband Plan, 242–243 National Economic Council, 181, 247 National Journal Group, 248 National Security Agency, 291 NetsforLife, 51 networks, 27–28, 32, 60, 65, 74, 198–226, 264, 282, 296, 299, 300 benefits of broad networks, 202–205 and career development, 215 deep but narrow networks, 211–212 putting networks to work, 221–226 questions concerning, 266 weak/dormant ties in, 222–223, 225, 226 neurodegeneration, 79 Newmark, Craig, 88, 90 Newsweek, 123 New York City, 193, 194, 212–213 New York Times, 77, 273, 274, 282 New Zealand, 299–300 NGOs See nongovernmental organizations Nietzsche, Friedrich, 54, 130 9/11 terrorist attacks, 143 Nixon, Richard, 228 Nobel Prize/Nobel Peace Prize, 1, 64, 251, 295 Noble, Adrian, 186 Nocera, Joe, 44–45 Nohria, Nitin, 175–176, 191 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 219 nonprofit sector, 24, 25, 26, 49, 50, 51, 54, 58, 73, 106, 108, 114, 115–116, 132, 160, 167, 181, 209, 218–219, 220, 233, 235 as bridge between government and business sectors, 219 Nooyi, Indra, 52 Norman, Archie, 189–193 Novelli, Bill, 89, 219 Obama, Barack, 28, 63–64, 77, 93, 104, 107, 118, 119, 133, 146, 151, 157, 159–160, 182, 213, 216, 240, 241, 244–245, 247, 270 Obamacare website, 159 obituaries, 272–278 Oersted, Hans Christian, 229 On the Nature of Things (Lucretius), 33 opacity, 39, 40 optimism, 98 optionality, 28 Originals (Grant), 113, 295 Osborne, George, 124 Other People’s Money (Kay), 38 Ouderkirk, Andrew, 267 overconfidence, 43 Ovid, 249 Oxford Muse foundation, 282, 284 Oxford University, 277 Panchadsaram, Ryan, 159 Pando forest of aspen trees, metaphor of, 174 Pappano, Sir Antonio, 136 Park, Todd, 157–160 Parker, Alan, 225, 300–301 Parker, Lucy, 51, 59 Partners in Health (PIH), 10, 69, 90, 243, 244, 245 Pasteur, Louis, 29, 228, 229 patents, 157, 295 Pathways in Technology Early College High School program (P-TECH), 212–213 Patten (Lord), 137 pattern recognition, 138 Paulson, Hank, 44–45, 77, 117, 119, 121, 163, 194, 196 PayPal, 98, 99, 205 Peace Corps, 100–101 Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs (Rivera), 218 Pension Benefits Guaranty Corporation, 152 Pentagon See Defense Department Pentland, Sandy, 207–208 PepsiCo, 52, 240 Perry, Bill, 152 personality cult, 190–191 personality types, 3, 30 Peru, 244 Pessoa, Fernando, 249 Peter, Lawrence J., 187 Peter Principle, 187 Peterson, A D C., 20 Peterson, Pete, 194 Philosophy of Inductive Sciences, The (Whewell), 54–55 Philp, Mark, 164 PIH See Partners in Health Pine, Richard, 226 Plato, 172 Political Conduct (Philp), 164 political issues, 23, 42, 61, 63, 73, 95, 134, 140, 142, 151, 158, 164, 193, 200, 256–259 leadership approach to politics, 162 pianists in politics, 292 See also government; revolving door polymaths, 62, 63, 267–268, 273, 274 Port of Maqal (Iraq), 156–157 Portrait Gallery (Zeldin), 282 Portrait of a Spy (Silva), 301 poverty, 10, 81, 245 power/influence, 25, 87, 94–95, 163, 212 power structures, 141 soft power, 219 Powers Commission, 17 Prebble, Lucy, 15 Predictably Irrational (Ariely), 230 prepared mind, 28–29, 65, 226, 227–259, 264 “chance favors only the prepared mind,” 228, 229, 230–231 (see also Fortuna) for early opportunities, 237–239 questions concerning, 266 and the unexpected, 256–259 presidency, 161 Prince, Chuck, 37 private sector, 37, 47, 49, 76, 93, 105, 148, 157 in Iraq, 155 problem solving, 141, 148, 154, 172, 206–210, 298 teams for, 206 Procter & Gamble, 204 professions, 21, 269 professional mindset, 193–197 Pryce, Jennifer, 100–103 psychic wealth, 38 public health, 10, 11, 12, 52, 69, 244 public sector unions, 76 See also trade unions public services, 74, 76, 77 Puttnam, Robert, 208 Quadrangle Group, 132, 133 quality-adjusted life years (QALYS), 289 Quiet (Cain), 31, 101 railroads, 193 Rajaratnam, Raj, 82 Rakove, Jack, 175 Ramsay, Gordon, 189 ratings agencies, 41 Rattner, Steve, 131–135, 137, 138, 139, 169, 197 Rawji, Irfhan, 166–168 Reagan, Ronald, 77, 151, 162, 193, 194, 250, 251 recruiting programs, 218 Reed College, 233–234 Regan, Donald, 77 regulatory issues, 47, 59, 105, 107, 115, 117, 120–121, 124, 142, 151, 271 relationships, 86, 97, 141, 184, 190, 206, 212, 213, 224, 224 with clients, 201 religion, 80–81, 142 Renaissance, 33–34, 62 Report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (2010), 40 Republican party, 151 retirement, 4, 253, 254 revolving door, 72–79, 121, 291 Rice, Condoleezza, 292 risk, 113, 121, 141, 242, 283, 299 Rivera, Lauren, 218 Roberts, John, 199 Rogers, Carl, 71–72 Rohatyn, Felix, 151 Romer, Christine, 45, 118 Rometty, Ginny, 212 Romney, Mitt, 94, 133, 160–166, 192, 200 Roosevelt, Theodore, 28, 61, 63, 105 RSC See Britain: Royal Shakespeare Company Rubenstein, David, 194, 219, 289, 301 Rubin, Robert, 194, 195 Rubio, Marco, 23, 93 Run for America, 95 Rusbridger, Alan, 291–293, 301 Russian theater, 188 Ryan, M J., 271 Sacks, Oliver, 253–254, 273–275, 278 Salomon Brothers, 40 Sandberg, Sheryl, 204, 213, 215, 275 S&P 500 Index, 150 Sant, Roger, 26, 114–116, 166, 179, 220 Saville, Jimmy, 137 scandals, 137, 291 Schneider, Robyn, 294 Schroepfer, Mike, 214 science, 20, 22, 54, 55, 60, 83, 107, 116, 128, 295 See also social sciences scientific management, 20 Seabright, Jeff, 46–49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56–57, 60, 180 Security and Exchange Commission, 133 self-deceivers, 283 self-discovery, 130, 280 self-sacrifice, 16, 70 selves, 80, 130, 204 redemptive self, 279, 280 Senor, Dan, 147, 148, 206 serendipity, 23 Shah, Sonal, 219 Shakespeare Theatre Company, 221 Sharing Good Times (Carter), 253 Shirky, Clay, 293 Shultz, George, 194, 195 Siegel, Seth, 237–239, 247 Silicon Valley, 88, 146, 157–160, 205, 231, 275 Silo Effect, The (Tett), 2143 Silva, Daniel, 301 Singer, Saul, 147, 148, 206 Skilling, Jeff, 13, 14–15, 39, 41, 82, 86 See also under Farmer, Dr Paul skills, 130 change-management skills, 154, 155 learnable skills, 183, 185, 258, 295 legal skills, 161–162 most likely to lead to success, 140 questions concerning, 266 transferrable skills, 26–27, 32, 65, 134, 137–153, 157, 161, 166–169, 178, 264, 266, 299 Smith, Fred, 144 Smith, Zadie, 64, 147 Smithsonian Institution, 114, 220, 232 Snowden, Edward, 291 Social Animal, The (Brooks), 202 social entrepreneurs, 89, 92, 158, 219, 240, 241, 255, 256 social experiments, 214 social explorers, 207–208 social intelligence, 204–205 social learning, 207 social sciences, 23, 54, 55, 210 social trading, 206–210 Sorkin, Andrew Ross, 77 South Asia, 177 spare time, 291–297 specialization, 1–2, 3, 17, 138, 267 consequences of, 21 overestimation of value of, 21–23, 298 overreliance on, 45–46 and predicting the future, 43–44 as reflecting the marketplace, 18–19 specialty as golden cage, 269 superspecialization, 19–20, 21 See also depth; expertise Spencer, Herbert, 175 sports, 19, 85, 258, 284–286 Starbucks, 240 Starnone, Domenico, 249 Start-up Nation (Senor and Singer), 147, 148, 206 start-ups, 231 State Department, 227 status quo bias, 43 Steel, Bob, 37 steel industry, 152 Stegner, Wallace, 272 Stone, Brad, 53 Stonesifer, Patty, 232–233 stress, 271, 292 structural violence, 81 Stuckey, Jill, 249–250 student debt, 93 subprime mortgages, 36–37, 40–41 Summers, Larry, 133 surgeons, 20 Survey Monkey, 275 sustainability, 48, 49, 53, 97 Swerve, The (Greenblatt), 33, 34 Sydney Olympics (2000), 49 synthesis, 22, 55 System I and System thinking, 117, 139 Tanzania, 51 TARP program, 196 Taylor, Charles, 72 Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 20 TeachFirst, 73, 91 Teach for All, 91–92 team of rivals approach, 28 teams, 58, 141, 169, 206 forming broader teams, 210–214 technology industry, 53, 158, 212, 232 10,000 hour rule, 19, 267, 288–290 Tetlock, Philip, 42 Tett, Gillian, 213, 214 Texaco, 47, 180 Thatcher, Margaret, 162 Thiel, Peter, 98–99 thinking, probabilistic vs binary, 43 This Town (Leibovitch), 199 3M company, 267 time, 283, 284–288 See also life phases; spare time Times of London, 75, 272, 281 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 205 Tolstoy, Leo, 109, 110 Toronto Globe & Mail, 122 trade unions, 235 See also public sector unions transparency, 181, 207, 271 trisector athletes, 51–52 Trump, Donald, 165 T-Shaped Approach (to breadth/depth), 26, 109–113, 121, 124, 128 tuberculosis, 244 Tucker, Paul, 45 Turing, Alan, 277 turnarounds, 152, 154, 190 Turner, Adair, 235, 236 Twigger, Robert, 7, 23 Unilever, 49 United Nations, 18 Universal Service Fund, 243 US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 215 US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), 270–271 US Digital Service, 159–160 US presidential election of 2016, 43 value creation, 181 values, 85, 88, 172, 173, 177, 195 Van der Heijden, Beatrice, 268 Vann, Justin, 250 venture capital, 254, 275 Vietnam War, 173 Virtues of Aging, The (Carter), 252 Visible Hand, The (Chandler), 145 Volker, Paul, 132 volunteering, 166–168, 200, 240, 293, 296 Voting Rights Act, 173 Wachovia, 37 Wai Fong Boh, 267 Wall Street, 40, 44, 77, 195, 247, 276 Wall Street Journal, 133, 194 Walmart, 190, 192 Walter, Jorge, 224 Walton, Sam, 144 Warren, Elizabeth, 77, 270 Washington, George, 175 Washington Mutual, 37 water issues, 11, 46–49, 50, 54, 55, 240 energy-water-food nexus, 52–53 Watkins, Michael, 180–181 wealth, 38, 89, 92 See also making money Weber, Max, 163 Weil, Sylvie, 298 Weiss, Antonio, 77 West Point, 146–147 Wharton, Edith, 227 “What Makes a Leader?” (Goleman), 178–179 Whewell, William, 54–55 Whitehead, John, 194, 195 Whitman, Walt, 263 whole-system view, 173 “Why the Government’s Business Isn’t Businesslike” (Cavanaugh), 194 Wigdortz, Brett, 91 WikiLeaks/Wikipedia, 291, 293 Wilson, Edward O., 54, 55, 128–129, 204–205, 209–210, 298–299 Wilson, Michael, 81, 297 Winter Olympics of 1992, 160–161 Wired magazine, 242 wisdom, 41, 60, 85, 147, 254 Wolfensohn, James, 245 Wolf Hall (Mantel), 62 Wolsey (Cardinal), 63 Woods, Ngaire, 222 Woods, Tiger, 19 work habits, 276–277 World Bank, 48, 243, 245 World Economic Forum, 125 World Health Organization, 244 World Resources Institute, 116 World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 51, 57, 106, 116, 220 Wozniak, Steve, 234 Yach, Derek, 52 Yale School of Management, 79 Yale University, 139 YouTube, 294 Zakaria, Fareed, 20–21 Zeckhauser, Richard, 93, 209, 226 Zeitz, Paul, 126 Zeldin, Theodore, 282 Zero to One (Thiel), 98 Zients, Jeff, 247 Zoellick, Robert, 245 Zuckerberg, Mark, 88, 213 Credit: Freed Photography Nick Lovegrove is currently the US managing partner of the Brunswick Group, a global corporate advisory firm He spent more than thirty years at McKinsey & Company, primarily in London and Washington, DC At various times, he led McKinsey’s Global Media Practice, its Global Public Sector Practice, and its Washington, DC, Office He served as an independent adviser to the Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit and as a member of the Board for the Royal Shakespeare Company and TeachFirst Since leaving McKinsey in 2012, he has been a senior director at the Albright Stonebridge Group, a senior fellow at Harvard University’s John F Kennedy School of Government, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and a visiting lecturer at the Blavatnik School of Government He lives in Washington, DC, with his wife and four children PublicAffairs is a publishing house founded in 1997 It is a tribute to the standards, values, and flair of three persons who have served as mentors to countless reporters, writers, editors, and book people of all kinds, including me I F STONE, proprietor of I F Stone’s Weekly, combined a commitment to the First Amendment with entrepreneurial zeal and reporting skill and became one of the great independent journalists in American history At the age of eighty, Izzy published The Trial of Socrates, which was a national bestseller He wrote the book after he taught himself ancient Greek BENJAMIN C BRADLEE was for nearly thirty years the charismatic editorial leader of The Washington Post It was Ben who gave the Post the range and courage to pursue such historic issues as Watergate He supported his reporters with a tenacity that made them fearless and it is no accident that so many became authors of influential, best-selling books ROBERT L BERNSTEIN, the chief executive of Random House for more than a quarter century, guided one of the nation’s premier publishing houses Bob was personally responsible for many books of political dissent and argument that challenged tyranny around the globe He is also the founder and longtime chair of Human Rights Watch, one of the most respected human rights organizations in the world For fifty years, the banner of Public Affairs Press was carried by its owner Morris B Schnapper, who published Gandhi, Nasser, Toynbee, Truman, and about 1,500 other authors In 1983, Schnapper was described by The Washington Post as “a redoubtable gadfly.” His legacy will endure in the books to come Peter Osnos, Founder and Editor-at-Large ... too can have a remarkable life and career PART WHY BUILD A BROADER LIFE AND CAREER? THE SAINT AND THE SINNER The Six Dimensions of the Mosaic Principle Our age reveres the specialist, but humans... each of us as individuals The essence of the Mosaic Principle is that we can each build a remarkable life and career of eclectic breadth and diversity—rather like assembling small pieces of material... that “what human beings can and should is to conquer their fears, accept the fact that they themselves and all the things they encounter are transitory, and embrace the beauty and pleasure of