Students who are focused on getting an exceptionally high or even perfect score on the SAT will want to get their hands on this guide Barrons SAT 1600 is based on the updated SAT test. It takes students beyond standard test prep exercises, reviewing the rigorous coursework that is required for the new kinds of questions, and presenting effective strategies for tackling the SATs hardest questions. The books major features include:Extra practice and review in all math topicsDetailed discussion and examples of all math problem typesUpperlevel vocabulary lists to bring students word power up to college standardsA detailed review, as well as tips and strategies, for both the reading test and the writing and language testFocus on the new evidencebased question typesComprehensive answer explanations for every question in the bookA complete SAT practice testMany students have expressed their satisfaction with this manuals earlier editions, specifically the books special focus on the SATs most difficult questions. This updated edition is now better than everBONUS ONLINE PRACTICE TEST: Students who purchase this book will also get access to one additional fulllength online SAT practice test with all questions answered and explained. The online test can now be easily accessed by computer, tablet, and smartphone.
Authors’ Credentials and Qualifications Linda Carnevale holds a Masters of Arts from Columbia University’s Teachers College Before leaving full-time teaching to raise her three sons, Ms Carnevale was a tenured teacher of English at Cold Spring Harbor Schools in Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York She is the author of Barron’s Hot Words for the SAT, Hot Words for the ACT, and Barron’s ACT English, Reading, and Writing Workbook and has published in a variety of local and national publications, including Long Island Parents & Children, Long Island Quarterly, Modern Bride, and Conde Nast’s BRIDE’S magazines Her poems were selected for publication in the 2009 and 2012 anthologies of poems about Long Island titled Paumanok: Poems and Pictures of Long Island Ms Carnevale, a sought-after SAT and ACT verbal coach, has repeatedly scored a perfect 800 on the SAT verbal section Presently, she is a professional development trainer specializing in English language arts, critical reading, and literacy Ms Carnevale conducts workshops through the CIT (Curriculum, Instruction, & Technology) and the SETRC (Special Education & Training Resource Centers) of Nassau BOCES, which serves 57 public school districts throughout Nassau County, New York Roselyn Teukolsky has an M.S degree from Cornell University and was a math teacher at Ithaca High School in Ithaca, New York for 30 years She has published articles in The Mathematics Teacher and in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Yearbook, and is the author of Barron’s AP Computer Science Exam review book and Barron’s ACT Math and Science Workbook She has received the Edyth May Sliffe Award for Distinguished Mathematics Teaching and the Alfred Kalfus Distinguished Coach Award from the New York State Math League (NYSML) Mrs Teukolsky has been teaching, and helping students with their SAT preparation, for 34 years Illustrations, charts, tables, and other figures may appear differently in this e-Book depending on what device you are using Please adjust all of your settings accordingly This eBook contains hundreds of links that will help you navigate through the contents and allow you to click between all questions and answers © Copyright 2016 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc © Copyright 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., under the title SAT 2400 All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner All inquiries should be addressed to: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc 250 Wireless Boulevard Hauppauge, New York 11788 www.barronseduc.com eISBN: 978-1-4380-6810-7 First eBook publication: November, 2015 CONTENTS Welcome to the 1600 Club The Redesigned SAT Test Who Is This Book For? What Sets This Book Apart from the Rest? What Exactly Is on the SAT? 1600 Club Icons Get in the Game 1600 Club Test-Day Checklist PART 1: THE EVIDENCE-BASED READING TEST Chapter 1: 1600 Club Reading Strategies 1600 Club Global Strategies: Hunting and Gathering Passage Evidence Listening Reading Secret Formula Read React, Using ABS Interact Visualize 1600 Club Strategies: Read Passages Piece by Piece Divide and Conquer Sip, Don’t Slurp Skim, Don’t Skip Be Savvy About Sidebars The Blurb—Know the Author/Know the Topic Outline Reading Approach Extract the Main Idea from the Passage Answer Line-Reference and Sidebar Questions First Words-in-Context Questions Delve into Higher-Order Thinking Questions Skipping Hard Questions Responsibly Identify the Author’s Mood, Tone, and Purpose as You Read The Vocabulary of Tone The Vocabulary of Mood Narrow In on the Best Answer Choice Reading Technique: The Rule of Thirds Global Questions Should Be Answered at the Very End Remember Those Globals!! Paired-Passage and Global Questions Additional Strategies for Reading SAT Passages To Read or Not to Read the Questions First— That Is the Perennial Decision Read and Heed Key Words in the Questions and Answer Choices No Line References and Not a Global Question! What Now? Reading No-Nos High Scorer’s Strategy Acronym Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Very Hard Reading Passages Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Practice Test Questions/Paired Passages Answers and Explanations Condensed “READ Smart” Strategies Read, React, Reread Engage, Exract Annotate, Absorb Do’s and Don’ts Chapter 2: Practice Reading Questions Literature Answers and Explanations History/Social Studies Answers and Explanations Science Answers and Explanations PART 2: THE EVIDENCE-BASED WRITING AND LANGUAGE TEST Chapter 3: English Grammar and Usage New Writing Strategy! Grammar Counting: 1, 2, Take Care to Read the Paragraphs Very Carefully Identify, First, All Verbs and Pronouns That Are Underlined Pay Close Attention to the Nonunderlined Portions of the Passages Hierarchy of Grammar Glitches Verb Errors Pronoun Errors Faulty Idioms Faulty Parallelism Diction Errors Misplaced Modifiers Adjective Versus Adverb Errors Plural–Singular Inconsistency Redundancy and Wordiness (Relatives of Flabby Phrasing) Faulty Comparisons Run-ons (Comma Splices) and Fragments Chapter 4: Practice Writing and Language Questions Answers and Explanations PART 3: THE ESSAY Chapter 5: Writing the 50-Minute Essay 1600 Club Comprehensive Strategies Take Inventory of Author’s Use of Evidence, Reasoning, and Stylistic Elements Have a Timing Plan: 10-35-5 The Essay—Stage 1: About 10 Minutes Fast-Forward Essay Writing The Essay—Stage 2: About 35 Minutes The Essay—Stage 3: About Minutes Engage Your Reader Edit, Using the 1600 Club Checklist Support Your Thesis with Examples Sentence and Vocabulary Variety Assess What You Have Written Your Voice More 1600 Club Strategies: Eliminate SMOG Spelling Errors Mechanical Errors Overuse Grammatical Errors High Scorer’s Strategy Acronym Essay Scoring Guide Chapter 6: Sample Source Texts PART 4: THE MATH SECTIONS Chapter 7: Getting Started Math on the SAT Easy Versus Hard Questions Grid-Ins What Are They? What the Answers Cannot Be Gridding-in Rules Question Difficulty Scoring Final Tip Tips for the SAT Math Sections Question Difficulty Guessing The Test Booklet Your Answer Sheet Calculators How to Use the Graphing Calculator Some Final Tips Chapter 8: Strategies for Solving SAT Math Problems Pick a Number Plug-In The Graphing Calculator Identifying a Graph Intersection of Two Graphs Transformations Inequalities Some Additional Tips Geometry Combining Equations Shaded Areas Chapter 9: 1600 Club Background Topics Sets of Numbers Consecutive Integers Factors and Multiples Rational Numbers Squares and Square Roots Counting and Probability Counting Permutations and Combinations Probability Events Probability of an Event Mutually Exclusive Events Independent Events Sequences and Series Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series Sequences Involving Exponential Growth Exponents Scientific Notation Monomials Absolute Value Points, Lines, Angles Parallel Lines Triangles Types of Triangles Some Triangle Facts Special Right Triangles Quadrilaterals and Polygons Quadrilaterals Angles in a Quadrilateral Polygons Areas and Perimeters Area Perimeter Coordinate Geometry Distance Geometric Transformations Symmetry Geometric Probability Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 10: Problems in Context What Is It? How to Approach a Word Problem Problem Types Translating English into Math Some Additional Tips Extended Reasoning Questions Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 11: Heart of Algebra Functions Definition Function Notation The Linear Function Slope Equations of a Line Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Linear Functions as Models Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities Systems of Linear Equations One Solution, No Solution, Infinite Number of Solutions System of Linear Inequalities Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 12: Problem Solving and Data Analysis Ratio, Proportion, Percents Percent Increase and Decrease Reading Graphs Direct and Indirect Variation More Than One Line in a Graph Types of Graphs Circle Graphs Time Plots Bar Graphs Pictographs Centers of Data Arithmetic Mean Median Mode Weighted Average Reading Tables Scatterplots Line of Best Fit Interpolation and Extrapolation Correlation Standard Deviation Normal Distribution Range of Data and Outliers Conditional Probability from Tables Statistical Sampling Surveys Experimental Research Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 13: Passport to Advanced Math Polynomials Factoring Rational Expressions The Quadratic Function Solving Nonlinear Equations and Inequalities Quadratic Equations and Inequalities Polynomial Equations of Higher Degree Equations with Radicals Equations with x2 Exponential Equations Equations with Rational Expressions Equations and Inequalities with Absolute Value Inequalities with Rational Expressions Modeling Quadratic Functions Systems of Equations, One Linear and One Quadratic Transformations Composition of Functions Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 14: Additional Topics in Math Triangles Congruent Triangles Similar Triangles Solid Geometry Prisms and Cylinders Cones and Pyramids Circles Circumference and Area Arc and Sector Chords Tangents Inscribed Circles and Polygons Equation of a Circle in the Plane Trigonometry Right Triangle Trigonometry Radians and Arc Length Trig Ratios in Four Quadrants Important Trig Identity Trig and the Graphing Calculator Complex Numbers Practice Test Questions Answers and Explanations PART 5: SAT PRACTICE TEST Answer Key Answers Explained Appendix Sample Source Text Advanced Reponses (Chapter 6) Upper-Level Vocabulary Building 1600 Club Vocabulary Immersion Four-Letter-Word List for Club Members Upper-Level Word Lists for Club Members Exercise: Choose the Correct Synonym Useful Math Formulas ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We owe thanks to many people who helped in the creation of this book We are grateful to our editor, Linda Turner, for her unflagging patience and advice We would also like to thank Wayne Barr for his guidance and the production staff at Barron’s for their work in making the book happen Special thanks to our production manager, Debby Becak, and exceptional copyeditor, Sara Black Thanks also to the evaluators of the manuscript, who came up with some excellent suggestions for improvement We had some invaluable help from our students Garrett Tate and Ali Mehravari painstakingly combed through the math section of the book looking for errors They were unstinting in offering advice and suggestions A special thank-you to Andrea B Goetz, Dana Jean, Brian Tashman, and Jean Benz, skillful writers who generously took the time to write under deadline pressure and who allowed their exemplary essays to be featured in this book We extend much appreciation to all of our students who helped us to understand the intricacies and challenges of this test from their points of view Thank you to Fred Deppe, Helen Perl, and Karen Seifert at Ithaca High School for sharing the latest math textbooks Thank you to Steven Levy for his enthusiastic contribution to the vocabulary exercise that debuted in the second edition Warm regards to our former colleagues at Cold Spring Harbor High School and Ithaca High School This book could not have happened without the understanding and support of family members and the kind words of encouragement from friends With much appreciation to Laura Halperin, whose support and guidance from the inception of this project have been invaluable And a special thank-you to Brenda Cooper for her daily messages of encouragement Much gratitude to our husbands, who were devoted partners in this project from the beginning, Sandro Carnevale and Saul Teukolsky Hugs to our children, Phillip, Andrew, and Luca Carnevale, and Rachel and Lauren Teukolsky We dedicate this book to them Linda Carnevale Old Brookville, NY Roselyn Teukolsky Ithaca, NY August 2015 WELCOME TO THE 1600 CLUB f the words SAT 1600 CLUB are calling your name, then you are a top student, a strong reader, and a motivated, serious test taker You are ready for the big leagues, and you don’t have time for piddling advice such as “Focus on what you’re reading,” “Use your calculator for long division,” or “Clear your mind before you start the grammar section.” You want select, inspired strategies that can make a difference to your score As you work through this book, focus on the strategies given for each question type We want you to have it all: the basics and beyond We leave no stone unturned as we share with you a multitude of tips and techniques that have enabled us to achieve perfect scores in our respective areas of expertise You can realize your personal best score! The math and verbal coaching in this book is thorough, multifaceted, and effective Wherever possible, we offer alternative approaches to answering questions We let you in on the do’s and don’ts of smart test taking If you score 700 or above on each of the three sections of the new SAT, you will enter the ranks of the top percent of students, the 1600 Club I THE REDESIGNED SAT TEST The 1600 Club is up to speed on the redesigned SAT test The SAT test has changed in a big way If you are a member of the 1600 Club, you will Review the rigorous high school course work that forms the basis for the new kinds of questions Be prepared to learn fewer, more important topics in depth Show skill in analyzing data presented in graphs and tables Practice questions that require you to read, analyze and comprehend challenging texts Focus on your school work, rather than relying on tricks Incorporate graphical data into information from reading passages Decode meanings of words and how they’re used in context Recognize grammar, usage, diction, and syntax used in long reading passages Analyze effective techniques of essay writing Hone your core abilities in math to solve problems in context Learn the new math categories and sharpen your skills in the areas of algebra that are emphasized in the new test Review your course work on data analysis and statistics Polish key topics in advanced algebra Be aware of those additional (new) topics for the math test, like trigonometry Become skilled in using your graphing calculator WHO IS THIS BOOK FOR? This book is for you since you aspire to achieve a perfect score on the SAT With consistent use of this book as part of your plan of study, you could achieve more than you think you’re capable of! Week after week, read through the strategies and work hard on the practice exercises Visualize yourself approaching the ranks of the top percent of test takers We have every confidence in you You can it! WHAT SETS THIS BOOK APART FROM THE REST? The majority of test takers can get the easier questions right—the level and questions A good many can well also on the level 3’s, which are of medium difficulty However, to achieve a score that stands out to the Ivy Leagues and the scholarship committees, you have to crack a good number of the harder, level and 5, questions Analysis of the math part of the SAT shows that, on average, 25 percent of all questions are ranked as hard—the level and level questions More interestingly, a test taker who gets every level 1, 2, and question correct, but misses every level and 5, can max out only at a 650 score For where you want to go and for what you want to achieve, a 650 split may not cut it Think of this book as a push to the finish line Let’s strive to get you as close to an 800 as possible on each of the two sections For the verbal parts, original strategy acronyms help you to answer questions on the reading test and to write a high-scoring essay For the tricky math questions, some “nonclassroom” strategies show you how to achieve surprisingly fast and successful results With practice you will start to recognize which strategies apply to particular questions WHAT EXACTLY IS ON THE SAT? The redesigned SAT test is hours long, or hours plus 50 minutes if you the optional essay There are three sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing • Reading Test • Writing and Language Test Math • Calculator Section • No-Calculator Section Essay (optional) Score Reporting 10 A (A) B conviction; contextual meaning is a guilty verdict, jail sentence; second sentence: convicted 618 A (C) B deliberate; contextual meaning is to contemplate, think over; second sentence: also deliberate 619 A (D) B penetrating; contextual meaning is piercing, breaking through in a literal sense; second sentence: penetrate 620 Practice Set B A (D) B whimsical; contextual meaning is imaginative, fanciful; second sentence: also whimsical 621 A (A) B embroider; contextual meaning is to stitch, decoratively, on fabric; needlework; second sentence: also embroider 622 A (C) B divine; contextual meaning is relating to gods or omnipotent powers 623 A (E) B penurious; contextual meaning is poor, penniless 624 Practice Set C A (C) B dark; contextual meaning is, literally, without light; second sentence: also dark 625 10 A (A) B germinating; contextual meaning is growing 626 11 A (E) B glacial; contextual meaning is cold, lacking a warm spirit 627 12 A (D) B palpable; contextual meaning is blatant, overt, flagrant; second sentence: also palpable 628 Practice Set D 13 A (C) B tender; contextual meaning is tender to the touch, sore 629 14 A (B) B revolution; contextual meaning is one complete circling around 630 15 A (E) B economical; contextual meaning is careful with money, thrifty 631 16 A (B) B ruins; contextual meaning is wreckages, old buildings 632 ... sections of the new SAT, you will enter the ranks of the top percent of students, the 1600 Club I THE REDESIGNED SAT TEST The 1600 Club is up to speed on the redesigned SAT test The SAT test has changed... What Exactly Is on the SAT? 1600 Club Icons Get in the Game 1600 Club Test-Day Checklist PART 1: THE EVIDENCE-BASED READING TEST Chapter 1: 1600 Club Reading Strategies 1600 Club Global Strategies:... Carnevale Old Brookville, NY Roselyn Teukolsky Ithaca, NY August 2015 WELCOME TO THE 1600 CLUB f the words SAT 1600 CLUB are calling your name, then you are a top student, a strong reader, and a