Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Exam Name _ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) The 1987 UN Commission on Sustainability first introduced the concept of as a necessary focus for maintaining sustainability A) human well-being B) environmental sustainability C) renewable energy D) human population growth E) cultural services 1) 2) The current total world population has just passed A) billion B) billion C) billion 2) D) billion E) billion 3) The law of energy and mass conservation states that A) energy cannot be destroyed but matter can be created B) energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed C) both energy and matter can be created and destroyed D) energy can be created and matter destroyed 3) 4) Which of the following is not an abiotic factor? A) bacteria B) temperature C) carbon and nitrogen levels D) sunlight E) rainfall 4) 5) An ecosystem is best defined as A) all the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area where energy and matter influence the distribution and abundance of organisms present B) a grouping of plants and animals that interacts with one another in a way that causes the grouping to die C) a regional grouping of plants, animals, and abiotic factors D) abiotic factors affecting a grouping or plants, animals, and organisms trying to survive in a given area E) the total population of a specific kind of plant, animal, or microbe and all members of which or potentially can interbreed and produce young 5) 6) Which of the following is not a principle of Ecosystem function? A) Ecosystem change is inevitable and essential B) Ecosystems are always open to gains and losses of matter and energy C) Ecosystems have distinct boundaries that are influenced by the abiotic factors in the ecosystem D) Ecosystem's processes are self-regulated by interactions among their living and nonliving components E) Matter and energy are neither created nor destroyed 6) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 7) A hypothesis can best be described as A) a comparison between groups with an explanation for differences B) an explanation that has been tested many times C) a proven fact D) a proposed explanation that can be tested E) the science of asking questions and finding concrete answers 7) 8) All the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area best describe A) biomes B) the biosphere C) populations D) ecosystems E) ecological communities 8) 9) Sustainable use of resources requires A) an understanding of ecosystem models B) knowledge of all finite resource locations C) a thorough understanding of the scientific method D) an understanding of rate of resource renewal and ability to manage rate of use E) knowledge of all nonrenewable resources 9) 10) The ecosystem boundary of a drainage basin can be defined by A) local legislative decisions designed to clarify jurisdiction of the ecosystem B) mountains, hills, and valleys that determine where the water flows C) the streams that flow into the basin D) the rivers that divide the basins between counties, cities, and states E) the amount of water flowing into the basin from a mountain 10) 11) Ecosystem services are becoming degraded and are threating human well -being especially populations A) poor B) elderly C) affluent D) male E) coastal 11) 12) What is one barrier that makes it difficult for scientists to forecast environmental changes? A) the certainties of ecosystem function that humans ignore B) unpredictable behavior of ecosystems that cause unpredicted environmental changes C) the diversity of views based on cultural and religious differences D) simplicity of ecosystems E) environmental conflict that leads to ecosystem sustainability 12) 13) At virtually any level of use, nonrenewable resources can be A) converted to renewable ones B) converted to nonmetallic minerals C) exhausted or depleted D) recycled or reused E) replenished once depleted 13) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 14) In human-dominated ecosystems, which of the following features is often lacking? A) homeostatic regulation B) an ecosystem's ability to grow sufficient food C) the presence of positive feedback systems D) drought resistant regulation E) the presence of sufficient human infrastructure 14) 15) Sustainable companies such as DIRTT measure success by the triple bottom line, which includes , people, and profit A) prosperity B) popularity C) petroleum D) professionalism E) planet 15) 16) Environmental science is best described as A) studying the physical and chemical aspects of an environment B) focusing on renewable resource sustainability C) studying ecosystem sustainability and destruction D) studying all aspects of an environment E) focusing on organism relationships within an ecosystem 16) 17) Negative feedback processes tend to function within ecosystems to A) cause ecological relationships to disintegrate B) cause ecological relationships to flourish C) cause further ecological destruction D) stabilize the ecosystem E) reinforce harmful changes 17) 18) As human population and demands for resources have changed, our definition of sustainability has also changed One hundred and fifty years ago, human resource use was largely determined by A) human needs or desires B) the need for balancing multi-uses/demands for a resource C) the understanding of resource supply D) consideration of human justice E) the necessity to avoid human conflict 18) 19) Ecosystems are connected by A) individual species competing for space with other species in the ecosystem B) the essential flow of water through the ecosystem C) the flow of energy and matter through the ecosystem D) the movement of pollutants between ecosystems E) energy cycling and nutrient flow 19) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 20) Throughout any introductory examination of ecosystems and environmental sustainability, the importance of human population numbers is cited Currently, the world and U.S populations are closest to A) billion; 500 million B) billion; 300 million C) billion; 300 million D) billion; 200 million E) billion; 400 million 20) 21) What ecosystem services from U.S national forests had the greatest demands placed on them following World War II and the country's rapid population growth? A) grazing and agriculture B) soil formation and wilderness protection C) grazing, recreation, and timber resources D) soil formation and agriculture E) food, fiber, and plant growth 21) 22) What makes up an ecosystem? A) living and nonliving parts and the processes that connect them B) living and nonliving parts and energy movement created by the sun C) energy and matter and the organisms competing for resources in the ecosystem D) living and nonliving parts and the processes that disconnect them E) energy and matter and the organisms functioning apart 22) 23) Which of the following is not considered biota? B) fungi C) animals A) bacteria 23) D) plants E) water 24) Resources are A) available in sufficient quantities to sustain all of our futures B) finite C) used at a slow rate so that they will last forever D) available in ample quantities E) infinite 24) 25) What is required to be considered sustainable use of resources? A) understanding the rate of renewal and the ability to manage the rate of the use B) understanding that resources are finite C) understanding that resources are infinite D) understanding the rate of exhaustion and the ability to manage the rate of the use E) understanding ecosystem function in relation to resource use 25) 26) Which of the following is not one of the 17 sustainable goals set by the United Nations "Transforming Our World" resolution? A) Achieve gender equality B) Ensure inclusive education C) Expand profitability of multinational corporations D) Build resilient infrastructure E) Promote sustainable economic growth 26) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 27) The United Nations unanimously adopted a resolution entitled "Transforming Our World," which set an ambitious 17 goals to attain by A) 2020 B) 2030 C) 2040 D) 2050 E) 2060 27) 28) Success for sustainable development depends on progress in five areas, one of which being A) discovering more non-renewable resources B) the scientific method C) improving the effectiveness of offshore fishing vessels D) improved ability to monitor and forecast long-term trends E) increasing human fertility 28) 29) feedback tends to stabilize systems A) Neutral B) Exponential C) Positive D) Logarithmic E) Negative 29) 30) A "scientific study" on the internet claims that after a single try, a researcher discovered a method to turn lead into gold Which part of the scientific method was not completed before "publication" on the internet? A) Analyzing results B) Replication and Review by others C) Constructing hypothesis D) Reporting Results E) Asking a question 30) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 31) What are examples of provisioning ecosystem services? A) aesthetic beauty and recreation B) food, water, and fiber C) pollination and chlorophyll D) climate, water flow, and disease E) soil formation and nutrient cycles 31) 32) Regulating ecosystem services are ways that ecosystems control important conditions and/or processes such as A) climate, water flow, and disease B) food, water, and fiber C) pollination and chlorophyll D) aesthetic beauty and recreation E) soil formation and nutrient cycles 32) 33) A cultural ecosystem service might be A) ensuring flow of traffic in and out of a city B) constructing a "green" building C) the beauty or inspiration provided by a forest D) providing food to the malnourished E) good health access for populations in a community 33) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 34) What is the end product of the scientific method for a particular question? A) scientific observations B) hypothesis testing C) peer review and publication D) hypothesis construction E) drawing conclusions Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 34) Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ SHORT ANSWER Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question 35) Match each term with the correct description I II III IV V 35) Ecosystem services Provisioning services Regulating services Cultural services Supporting services A Basic ecosystem processes that are needed to maintain other services B The multitude of resources that ecosystems supply to humans C Food, water, and air we breathe D Spiritual and recreational benefits that an ecosystem provides E Ecosystem control of climate, flows of water, and absorption of pollutants 36) Match each term with the correct description I II III IV V 36) Precision Bias hypothesis control group treatment group A unaltered population that is used for comparison B the possibility that estimates might be skewed in some direction C the likelihood that measurements or estimates derived by sampling a subset of the population are representative of the actual values for the entire population D Population where a variable is altered E A testable explanation/alternative answer MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question Read the scenario and answer the accompanying question(s) Sustainable management requires us to examine the "big picture" of an ecosystem's context, even though we may not understand every piece and process in that ecosystem Systems thinking recognizes and addresses the essential connections between the pieces of any system to be analyzed 37) Which of the following environmental examples represents systems thinking? A) emission control devices on California automobiles B) planting grass for cattle to feed on in desert regions C) undertaking a long-term study of Lake Michigan ecology D) examining the beetle life cycle that is posing a threat to local forests E) studying the behavior of a global invasive species Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 37) Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 38) Ecosystem services are often classified into four different categories that include provisioning services (supplying us with food, air, and water), as well as A) aesthetic, ecological, and regulating services B) aesthetic, cultural, and sustainable services C) aesthetic, spiritual, and recreational services D) regulating, cultural, and supporting services E) regulating, sustainable, and homeostatic services 38) ESSAY Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper 39) Assuming that a city wishes to manage its water supply in a sustainable manner, describe/explain two specific factors that must be considered in order to accomplish this 40) In the course of one day, a human experiences several dozen ecosystem services other than the essential provisioning services supplying us with food, water, and the air we breathe Explain three additional ecosystem services that are essential to maintaining life on Earth Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for The Environment and You 3rd Edition by Christensen Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 1) A 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) C 7) D 8) D 9) D 10) B 11) A 12) B 13) C 14) A 15) E 16) D 17) D 18) A 19) C 20) A 21) C 22) A 23) E 24) B 25) A 26) C 27) B 28) D 29) E 30) B 31) B 32) A 33) C 34) C 35) I B, II C, III E, IV A, V D 36) I C, II B, III E, IV A, V D 37) C 38) D 39) To be sustainable, actions must conform to the laws of mass and energy conservation This is, something cannot be created from nothing, and everything goes somewhere In order to manage a municipal water supply sustainably, one must understand the rate of renewal of the water source (is the source a mountain snowfield, constantly renewed, or is the source a more finite groundwater aquifer?) Secondly, one must have the ability and take the initiative to manage the rate of use of this water supply, based on changes in the area's population growth, also factoring in any new demands for this water supply with time (new land uses evolving, such as increased levels of agriculture) 40) One might begin with a focus on the ecosystem services that regulate climate (solar energy budget), the flow of water through ecosystems (water cycle), or the absorption of pollutants (microbial decomposition and the essential recycling of matter) One could also describe the basic ecosystem processes such as any of the nutrient cycles (N cycle, which provides the critical N-compounds to plants that humans consume in order to build their essential N -containing compounds of DNA/RNA, enzymes, and proteins) The carbon cycle, moving O and CO2 through the ecosystem via the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration could also be described 10 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/