Test bank for psychology the science of person mind and brain 1st edition by cervone

Name: Date: _ Psychology is defined as the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Provide an example of three professions within the field of psychology that highlight careers that people interested in psychology at the level of person, the mind, and the brain might pursue What are examples of psychological research at the level of persons, the mind, and the brain? Provide one example for each level Why has psychology been described as both a diverse and unified field? Explain how psychology is both diverse and unified What are the three key steps of the scientific method? Define each and provide an example of how you might use the scientific method to answer a specific question How scientific questions differ from nonscientific questions? Provide an example of a scientific question and a nonscientific question How might gender stereotypes affect math performance? Provide explanations at the level of the person, mind, and brain How might gender stereotypes affect math performance? Provide examples of research at the level of the person, mind, and brain How the teachings of Aristotle and the Buddha highlight differences found in psychology today? Summarize the contributions of each to the field of psychology Frame the nature versus nurture debate by summarizing the work of Locke and Kant 10 What are the six most prominent schools of thought within the field of psychology? Provide a brief description of each 11 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the person level of analysis? A) “I need to understand how patients regulate emotions; organize information and make decisions; perform on the job, socially, and within the family; and understand the world and their place in it.” B) “I study Aplysia californica….Aplysia form memories But unlike most, they it with an extremely simple nervous system….With so few cells, we can trace the cell-by-cell formation of memories by implanting electrodes into cells while Aplysia learn new information.” C) “I try to understand how computing systems can improve life in developing communities Although there are nearly billion mobile phones worldwide, technology's benefits remain out of reach for many.” D) “I study psychological factors that affect athletic performance….If someone—a client in therapy or an athlete—is very anxious, we may teach that person to replace anxiety-related thoughts…with thoughts that help people remain calm.” 12 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the mind level of analysis? A) “I need to understand how patients regulate emotions; organize information and make decisions; perform on the job, socially, and within the family; and understand the world and their place in it.” B) “I study Aplysia californica….Aplysia form memories But unlike most, they it with an extremely simple nervous system….With so few cells, we can trace the cell-by-cell formation of memories by implanting electrodes into cells while Aplysia learn new information.” C) “I try to understand how computing systems can improve life in developing communities Although there are nearly billion mobile phones worldwide, technology's benefits remain out of reach for many.” D) “I spend most of my time in communities in Chicago….When community service organizations run programs, somebody has to figure out if they work I this For example, I recently evaluated a voter registration rally and a program to develop leadership skills in young women.” 13 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the brain level of analysis? A) “I need to understand how patients regulate emotions; organize information and make decisions; perform on the job, socially, and within the family; and understand the world and their place in it.” B) “I study Aplysia californica….Aplysia form memories But unlike most, they it with an extremely simple nervous system….With so few cells, we can trace the cell-by-cell formation of memories by implanting electrodes into cells while Aplysia learn new information.” C) “I try to understand how computing systems can improve life in developing communities Although there are nearly billion mobile phones worldwide, technology's benefits remain out of reach for many.” D) “I spend most of my time in communities in Chicago….When community service organizations run programs, somebody has to figure out if they work I this For example, I recently evaluated a voter registration rally and a program to develop leadership skills in young women.” Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 14 The text introduces the levels of analysis approach with a metaphor about an iPhone installed with Angry Birds In that metaphor, what corresponds to the person level of analysis? A) Angry Birds B) computer software C) electronic hardware D) the user of the phone 15 The text introduces the levels of analysis approach with a metaphor about an iPhone installed with Angry Birds In that metaphor, what corresponds to the mind level of analysis? A) Angry Birds B) computer software C) electronic hardware D) the user of the phone 16 The text introduces the levels of analysis approach with a metaphor about an iPhone installed with Angry Birds In that metaphor, what corresponds to the brain level of analysis? A) Angry Birds B) computer software C) electronic hardware D) the user of the phone 17 Person is to mind as knowledge of gender stereotypes is to: A) knowledge of racial stereotypes B) brain regions that produce emotions C) increased levels of anxiety D) brain regions useful for math 18 Knowledge of gender stereotypes is to _ as increased levels of anxiety is to _ A) person; mind B) person; brain C) mind; brain D) mind; mind 19 Individual differences in self-control ability is to _ as the ability to control emotions is to _ A) brain; mind B) person; brain C) mind; brain D) person; mind 20 Quinn and Spencer (2001) found that when stereotype threat was eliminated, women performed as well as men on a math test Ashcraft and Kirk (2001) found that anxiety can impair memory Linking these two studies together to explain why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes tests illustrates how research at a lower level (the mind) can _ our understanding of a phenomenon at a higher level (the person) A) contradict B) deepen C) obscure D) overshadow 21 Nolan wanted to better understand how to stay on a diet, so he asked his psychology teacher what she knew about selfcontrol Her answer, though correct, was not very satisfying: She described what interconnected brain areas become active when people try to resist temptation What particular fact about levels of analysis is illustrated by this? A) Each level is complementary B) Lower levels deepen our understanding C) It is often best to start at the person level D) The levels differ considerably 22 Anissa wondered why some people are more likely than others to enjoy humor, so she asked her professor for some information Her professor's response, though correct, was not very satisfying: He described areas of the brain are most active when we process language and incongruity What particular fact about levels of analysis is illustrated by this? A) The levels differ considerably B) It is often best to start at the person level C) Each level is complementary D) Lower levels deepen our understanding Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 23 Two classmates were discussing what they know about why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes math tests The first student, Amina, noted that being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math causes the performance difference The second student, Brenda, replied, “You're wrong; it's caused by the activation of brain areas associated with emotional processing.” Whose thinking is incorrect, and why? A) Amina is incorrect Being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math does not cause performance differences B) Amina is incorrect Findings at the brain level invalidate findings at the mind level C) Brenda is incorrect Differences in brain activation not account for differences in math performance D) Brenda is incorrect Findings at different levels of analysis complement each other 24 Two classmates were discussing what they know about why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes math tests The first student, Cam, noted that being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math causes the performance difference The second student, Derek, replied, “You're wrong; it's caused by the activation of brain areas associated with emotional processing.” What should Evelyn, who understands the levels of analysis approach, say to them? A) “You're both wrong Performance on these tests is best explained at the mind level.” B) “Cam is right Performance on these tests is best explained at the person level.” C) “Derek is right Performance on these tests is best explained at the brain level.” D) “You're both right Each of these levels of analysis complement one another.” 25 Choose the topic that belongs to the person level of analysis A) social influence B) memory C) emotion D) nervous system 26 Choose the topic that belongs to the mind level of analysis A) culture B) social influence C) consciousness D) chromosomes 27 Choose the topic that belongs to the brain level of analysis A) endocrine system B) consciousness C) emotion D) poverty 28 This chapter's Try This! activity demonstrates that we can “remember” a word as having appeared on a list even if it did not This kind of _ illustrates research at the _ level of analysis A) flaw; mind B) flaw; person C) asset; mind D) asset; person 29 This chapter's Try This! activity demonstrates that we can “remember” a word as having appeared on a list even if it did not This kind of flaw illustrates research at the _ level of analysis because it focuses on _ A) mind; mental processes B) person; mental processes C) mind; individual differences D) person; individual differences 30 The field of psychology is diverse, with many subfields Which conclusion about the field of psychology is accurate? A) The field of psychology lacks integration B) The subfields have little to with one another C) Results from different fields inform one another D) There is little overlap in what researchers study 31 Which statement is accurate? A) Stereotypes not affect the mind B) Stereotypes not affect the brain C) Stereotypes not affect people D) Stereotypes affect the brain 32 Which statement is accurate? A) Jill believing that people like her are bad at math does not affect her mind B) Carmen hearing someone commenting that she is bad at spelling does not affect her brain C) Hearing that certain people are not athletic does not affect their athletic performance D) Hugo hearing someone commenting that he is bad at spelling affects his brain Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 33 When reminded of negative stereotypes of a group they belong to, subjects: A) performed less well on cognitive tasks B) performed better on cognitive tasks C) became less anxious and more able to focus D) experienced activation in the same brain regions needed for cognitive tasks 34 When Belle was reminded that women perform less well than men on the graduate entrance exam, she: A) performed less well than she might have if she wasn't reminded of this stereotype B) performed better than she might have if she wasn't reminded of this stereotype C) became less anxious and more committed to well D) experienced activation in the same brain regions needed for cognitive tasks 35 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which would be an example of psychology as the science of the person? A) When reminded of a negative stereotype about their group, people tend, on average, to perform less well B) Stereotypes create mental distractions and feelings of anxiety that interfere with thinking processes needed to perform well on tests C) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions rather than brain regions associated with good test performance D) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions as well as those associated with good test performance 36 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which would be an example of psychology as the science of the mind? TestofBank for Psychology The of Person andto Brain by Cervone A) When reminded a negative stereotype about theirScience group, people tend, onMind average, perform1st lessEdition well B) Stereotypes create mental distractions and feelings of anxiety that interfere with thinking processes needed to perform well on tests Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ C) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions rather than brain regions associated with good test performance D) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions as well as those associated with good test performance 37 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which of the following would be an example of psychology as the science of the brain? A) When reminded of a negative stereotype about their group, people tend, on average, to perform less well B) Stereotypes create mental distractions and feelings of anxiety that interfere with thinking processes needed to perform well on tests C) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions rather than brain regions associated with good test performance D) When reminded of a negative stereotype about their group, people tend, on average, to perform better 38 Psychology is: A) primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners B) similar to medicine since neither are a science but both rely on biology C) the scientific study of the person and mind but not brain D) the scientific study of the person, mind, and brain 39 Which statement is accurate? A) Psychology is primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners B) Psychology is similar to medicine since neither are a science but both rely on biology C) Psychology is the scientific study of the person and mind but not the brain D) Psychology is the scientific study of the person, mind, and brain 40 Psychology is: A) primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners B) not a science C) a narrow and unified scientific field D) a diverse scientific field 41 Which statement is accurate? A) Psychology is primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners B) Psychology is not a science C) Psychology is a narrow and unified scientific field D) Psychology is a diverse scientific field Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 42 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the brain? A) Pauline is interested in how the chemical estrogen affects mental abilities B) Ed talks to rural farmers in India to understand how computers can improve the quality of life in developing communities C) Lynn runs a support group for grandparents raising children D) Gloria studies the psychological factors that affect athletic performance such as decision making 43 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the mind? A) Pauline is interested in how the chemical estrogen affects mental abilities B) Robert studies the Aplysia californica to understand how memories are formed C) Lynn runs a support group for grandparents raising children D) Gloria studies the psychological factors that affect athletic performance such as decision making 44 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the person? A) Pauline is interested in how the chemical estrogen affects mental abilities B) Robert studies the Aplysia californica to understand how memories are formed C) Lynn runs a support group for grandparents raising children D) Ed talks to rural farmers in India to understand how computers can improve the quality of life in developing communities 45 More than one in four psychologists work: A) in hospitals and other health service settings B) for the government C) in private practice Test Bank for Psychology The D) for non-profit organizations Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 46 Darlene is a psychologist There is at least a 25 percent chance that Darlene works: A) in a hospital or other health service setting B) for the government C) in private practice D) for a non-profit organization 47 More than one in four psychologists work: A) at universities and four-year colleges B) for the government C) in private practice D) for non-profit organizations 48 Karen is a psychologist There is at least a 25 percent chance that Karen works: A) at a university or four-year college B) for the government C) in private practice D) for a non-profit organization 49 A key common thread among all psychologists is: A) the belief that therapy can heal B) a belief in the science of the mind C) the study of the brain D) a commitment to the methods of science 50 Dr Grayson is a psychologist Which would be true of Dr Grayson? A) She believes that therapy can heal B) She believes in a science of the mind C) She studies the brain D) She is commitment to the methods of science 51 Novelists, journalists, poets, playwrights, and philosophers provide valuable ideas about human nature But unlike professionals in these other fields, psychologists: A) study the mind B) study the brain C) test their ideas scientifically D) study human nature from the perspective of the person 52 Marta is a philosopher who publishes extensively on human nature Lin is a psychologist and also studies human nature However, unlike Marta, Lin primarily studies: A) the mind B) the brain C) ideas that have been tested scientifically D) human nature from the perspective of the person Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 53 The fields of biology, chemistry, and physics: A) share psychology's commitment to philosophical methodology B) share psychology's commitment to scientific methods C) use the scientific method that differentiates them from fields like psychology D) not study the brain 54 What biologists, chemists, physicists, and psychologists have in common? A) They all share a commitment to philosophical methodology B) They all share a commitment to scientific methods C) Their main focus is the study of the person D) None of them study the brain directly 55 The scientific method is: A) a narrow set of procedures through which scientists obtain information about the world B) the set of procedures used to conduct experiments C) a broad array of procedures through which scientists obtain information about the world D) a record of how observations are made 56 Since Joyce is a research psychologist, she: A) uses a narrow set of procedures to obtain information about the world B) conduct experiments C) uses a broad array of procedures to obtain information about the world D) provides therapy to people in distress Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone 57 The three key steps of the _ method are collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and recording how observations were made Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A) scientific B) experimental C) survey D) correlational 58 As part of her job as a research assistant, Gabriella collects evidence, records observations systematically, and records how she made those observations In doing so, Gabriella is following: A) the scientific method B) experimental procedures C) survey procedures D) the correlational method 59 The three key steps of the scientific method are: A) collecting evidence, recording how observations are made, and repeating those observations B) collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and recording how observations are made C) collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and reporting those findings to others D) recording observations systematically, recording how observations are made, and repeating those systematic observations 60 What is the first key step in the scientific method? A) report findings to others B) collect evidence C) record how observations were made D) record observations systematically 61 Hamid is a research psychologist What is the first step Hamid should take when employing methods to evaluate topics of interest? A) report findings to others B) collect evidence C) record how observations were made D) record observations systematically 62 Questions that can be answered by gathering evidence through the scientific method are known as: A) scientific studies B) experiments C) scientific questions D) philosophical questions 63 Which question can be answered using the scientific method? A) Is it okay to steal? B) Are married people happier than single people? C) Are there angels? D) Are all bachelors unmarried? Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 64 Which question can be answered using the scientific method? A) Is it okay to use public assistance to supplement a low income? B) Are children more impulsive than adults? C) Are there ghosts? D) Are there 50 state capitals in the United States? 65 _ is the ability to think logically, to question assumptions, to evaluate evidence, and, more generally, to be open-minded yet skeptical about information you hear A) Logical thinking B) The scientific method C) Critical thinking D) Cynical thinking 66 Monica thinks logically, questions assumptions, evaluates evidence, and, more generally, is open-minded yet skeptical about information she hears This is known as: A) logical thinking B) the scientific method C) critical thinking D) cynical thinking 67 The combination of open-mindedness and skepticism enabled psychologists to produce a body of ESP research findings that: A) support the existence of ESP B) fail to support the existence of ESP C) cannot evaluate the existence of ESP Test forof Psychology D) not resolve the Bank question the existence ofThe ESP.Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 68 Psychologists answer questions at three levels of analysis: the person, mind, and: A) brain B) self C) soul D) body 69 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes affect how people perform on tests Others try to understand how stereotypes causes anxiety Still others try to answer questions at the level of the: A) brain B) mind C) self D) body 70 Psychologists answer questions at three levels of analysis: the person, brain, and: A) mind B) self C) soul D) body 71 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes affect how people perform on tests Others try to understand how anxiety causes the release of stress hormones Still others try to answer questions at the level of the: A) brain B) mind C) person D) body 72 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes cause feelings of anxiety Others try to understand how anxiety causes the release of stress hormones Still others try to answer questions at the level of the: A) brain B) mind C) person D) body 73 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the person level of analysis? A) Women's performance on high-stakes math tests is affected by social stereotypes B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests, which affects their performance C) Emotional areas in the brains of women are more active when taking important math tests compared with men taking the same test D) More neurons fire in emotional areas of women's brains compared to the brains of men Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 74 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the mind level of analysis? A) Women's performance on high-stakes math tests is affected by social stereotypes B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests, which affects their performance C) Emotional areas in the brains of women are more active when taking important math tests compared with men taking the same test D) More neurons fire in emotional areas of women's brains compared to the brains of men 75 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the brain level of analysis? A) Women's performance on high-stakes math tests is affected by social stereotypes B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests which affects their performance C) Emotional areas in the brains of women are more active when taking important math tests compared with men taking the same test D) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests but it does not affect their performance 76 Moving from person to brain would be moving _ in terms of the level of analysis A) down B) up C) clockwise D) spatially 77 Identifying performance differences resulting from exposure to negative stereotypes before seeking to determine the brain activity that might explain these differences would be moving _ in terms of the level of analysis Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone A) down B) up C) clockwise Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ D) spatially 78 Identifying changes in brain activity associated with decreased performance on cognitive tasks before seeking to determine performance differences resulting from exposure to negative stereotypes would be moving _ in terms of the level of analysis A) down B) up C) clockwise D) spatially 79 Which would be considered moving up a level of analysis in terms of answering psychological questions? A) moving from brain to mind B) moving from mind to brain C) moving from person to brain D) moving from person to mind 80 Which would be considered moving down a level of analysis in terms of answering psychological questions? A) moving from brain to person B) moving from mind to brain C) moving from brain to mind D) moving from mind to person 81 Which is an explanation at the level of the person? A) Performance on intelligence tests is affected by exposure to social stereotypes B) Gender stereotypes affect levels of anxiety C) There is less brain activity in problem-solving regions of the brain when people are anxious D) Gender stereotypes not affect levels of anxiety 82 Which is an explanation at the level of the brain? A) Performance on intelligence tests is affected by social stereotypes B) Gender stereotypes affect levels of anxiety C) There is less neural activity in problem-solving regions of the brain when people are anxious D) Performance on intelligence tests is not affected by social stereotypes 83 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the person level: A) personality psychologists identify individual differences in self-control abilities that are evident early in life and persist into adolescence and adulthood B) memory researchers find that there is a mental system with “executive” abilities that can control the flow of thoughts and emotions C) researchers find that interconnected brain regions are active when self-control is exerted D) scientists find that the neurotransmitter GABA is involved in the process of inhibition Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 84 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the mind level: A) personality psychologists identify individual differences in self-control abilities that are evident early in life and persist into adolescence and adulthood B) memory researchers find that there is a mental system with “executive” abilities that can control the flow of thoughts and emotions C) researchers find that interconnected brain regions are active when self-control is exerted D) scientists find that the neurotransmitter GABA is involved in the process of inhibition 85 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the brain level: A) personality psychologists identify individual differences in self-control abilities that are evident early in life and persist into adolescence and adulthood B) memory researchers find that there is a mental system with “executive” abilities that can control the flow of thoughts and emotions C) researchers find that interconnected brain regions are active when self-control is exerted D) children who experience delayed reinforcement exhibit higher levels of self-control 86 The Buddha proposed that: A) categories include perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action B) only people's belief that they will be happier if they acquire more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering C) people's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering D) anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy cause emotional suffering Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone 87 Which statement would be in line with the beliefs of the Buddha? A) Categories include memory, desire, rational thought, and action Fullperception, file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) Only people's belief that they will be happier if they acquire more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering C) People's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering D) Anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy causes emotional suffering 88 Aristotle proposed that: A) categories include perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action B) anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy cause emotional suffering C) people think therefore they are D) people's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering 89 Aristotle believed that, unlike animals, humans have: A) rational thought B) desire C) memory D) perception 90 Aristotle would say that, unlike a dog, Janice's mom is capable of: A) rational thought B) desire C) remembering D) perception 91 Aristotle believed that animals lacked A) rational thought B) desire C) a memory D) perception 92 Aristotle would say that, unlike Mindy, her goldfish lacks: A) rational thought B) desire C) a memory D) perception 93 Like the Buddha, researchers today study: A) how concepts are formed B) how thinking processes create emotional distress C) the concept of an eternal soul D) perception Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 94 What does a contemporary researcher in psychology have in common with the Buddha? A) Both speculate on how concepts are formed B) Both describe how thinking processes create emotional distress C) Both focus on the concept of an eternal soul D) Both focus on perception 95 What was the ultimate goal of Buddha's teaching? A) the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge's sake B) to deliver people from suffering C) theoretical curiosity D) becoming one with the universe 96 The ultimate goal of the teachings of _ was to deliver people from suffering A) Freud B) Buddha C) Aristotle D) Kant 97 The teachings of the Buddha are similar to what branch of contemporary psychology? A) biological psychology B) hypnotism C) positive psychology D) cognitive neuroscience Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone 98 _ refers to a biological origin of psychological characteristics A) Experience Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) Environment C) Nurture D) Nature 99 Theresa believes that there is a biological origin to psychological characteristics Theresa favors: A) experience B) environment C) nurture D) nature 100 _ refers to the development of abilities through experiences in the world A) Biology B) Genetics C) Nurture D) Nature 101 Gary is assisting on a project to better understand how children learn observationally Research such as the project Gary is assisting with is trying to answer _-related questions A) biology B) genetics C) nurture D) nature 102 Which belief did Locke and Aristotle share? A) The mind is a blank slate B) All knowledge is innate C) Giving up material possessions is the path to happiness D) Memory involves the brain 103 Similar to Locke and Aristotle, many behaviorists argued that: A) the mind is a blank slate B) all knowledge is innate C) giving up material possessions is the path to happiness D) memory involves the brain 104 In terms of the nature versus nurture debate, _ favored the nature side of the debate in insisting that ideas such as space, time, and causality are innate A) Skinner B) Kant C) Locke D) James Page 10 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 105 Who argued that ideas such as space, time and causality are innate? A) Skinner B) Kant C) Locke D) James 106 Scientific psychology begins with the work of: A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud 107 In describing the history of scientific psychology, Robin's professor began by introducing the work of: A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud 108 Which researcher is known as the father of experimental psychology for measuring task performance under varying conditions? A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone 109 Similar to the workFull of _, Bobbi is studying how quickly people react under different experimental conditions file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud 110 Published in 1890, _ book not only introduced the field of psychology, but defined it A) Wundt's B) Locke's C) James's D) Freud's 111 Who concluded that scientific evidence would determine if the mind has a “native structure”? A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud 112 Today psychology is: A) not well informed by the scholars of Asia, Africa, and South America B) largely a European and North American enterprise C) a global endeavor D) not considered a science outside of Europe and North America 113 Unlike today, in its early days, scientific psychology was: A) well informed by the scholars of Asia, Africa, and South America B) a European and North American enterprise C) a global endeavor D) practiced outside of Europe and North America 114 _ is a school of thought focusing on the mind's basic components and how they come together to create complex mental experiences A) Behaviorism B) Psychoanalysis C) Functionalism D) Structuralism 115 The focus of Audrey's research is on the mind's basic components and how they come together to create complex mental experiences Audrey is likely a: A) behaviorist B) psychoanalyst C) functionalist D) structuralist Page 11 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 116 _ is a school of thought focusing on the mental activity of the mind as it interacts with the body and adapts to the environment A) Behaviorism B) Psychoanalysis C) Functionalism D) Structuralism 117 Lisa studies the mental activity of the mind as it interacts with the body and adapts to the environment This a _ approach A) behaviorist B) psychoanalyst C) functionalist D) structuralist 118 Which school of thought developed outside of academia and claims that the mind contains different parts that are in conflict with one another? A) behaviorism B) psychoanalysis C) functionalism D) structuralism 119 Olive believes that the mind contains different parts that are in conflict with one another She is likely a: A) behaviorist B) psychoanalyst Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition C) functionalist D) structuralist by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 120 Who claimed that the mind contains different parts that are in conflict with one another? A) Wundt B) Locke C) James D) Freud 121 Which school of thought developed outside of academia? A) behaviorism B) psychoanalysis C) functionalism D) structuralism 122 _ is a school of thought focused solely on the study of how the environment shapes observable actions A) Behaviorism B) Psychoanalysis C) Functionalism D) Structuralism 123 Who thought that psychology should focus solely on the study of how the environment shapes observable actions? A) Watson B) Bandura C) James D) Freud 124 By studying rats, _ deflected attention from the unique qualities of human beings A) behaviorism B) psychoanalysis C) functionalism D) structuralism 125 _ argues that everyday personal experiences—thoughts, feelings, hopes, fears, sense of self—should be psychologists' main target of study A) Behaviorism B) Psychoanalysis C) Positive psychology D) Humanistic psychology 126 _ emphasizes individual traits such as love, courage, and forgiveness rather than human frailties A) Behaviorism B) Psychoanalysis C) Positive psychology D) Humanistic psychology Page 12 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 127 _ is a school of thought focusing on the mind as an information-processing system A) The cognitive revolution B) Psychoanalysis C) Positive psychology D) Humanistic psychology 128 Joel believes that the mind is an information-processing system This belief highlights the focus of: A) the cognitive revolution B) psychoanalysis C) positive psychology D) humanistic psychology 129 A(n) _ is a device that can acquire, store, and manipulate symbols to transform information A) information-processing system B) brain C) language D) system for universal grammar 130 Caleb just developed a device that can acquire, store, and manipulate symbols to transform information This device is called a(n): A) information-processing system B) brain C) language system D) system for universal grammar Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 13 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Key Answers might include descriptions of psychologists highlighted in the text For example: (1) At the level of persons, the text describes the work of Ed Cutrell, a psychologist at Microsoft Research India Mark has designed systems to help farmers share sustainable farming techniques; to help children share PCs in low-resource schools; and to improve nonliterate women's access to microfinance in rural India (2) At the level of the mind, the text describes the work of Gloria Balague, a psychologist who works with athletes and teams and studies factors that affect athletic performance (3) At the level of the brain, the text describes Robert Calin-Jageman, a psychologist who uses sea slugs to understand memory formation Answers might include descriptions of research highlighted in the text For example: (1) At the level of the person, the text describes the research of Lynne Owens Mock, who evaluates the effectiveness of community-run programs such as voter registration efforts or programs to develop leadership skills in young women (2) At the level of the mind, the text describes the research of Pauline Maki, who studies how body chemistry affects mental performance (3) At the level of the brain, the text describes the research of Robert Calin-Jageman, who uses sea slugs to understand memory formation Answers should include the following information: (1) Psychology is considered diverse because there is no one type of job that encompasses “being a psychologist.” Psychologists work in laboratories, communities, athletic fields, and informationtechnology offices They study subjects as diverse as sea slugs and community groups (2) What unifies the field of psychology is a commitment to the methods of science, specifically the scientific method Psychologists are trained to answer questions by collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and recording how observations were made Answers should include the following information: (1) The three key steps of the scientific method are to collect evidence, record observations systematically, and record how observations were made (2) Collecting evidence involves making observations about the world such as observing people's reactions to information or a set of instructions (3) Recording observations systematically involves keeping careful, precise accounts of what is observed For example, psychologists might record people's reactions in the form of a survey or through other forms of observation (4) Finally, the scientific method requires the recording of how observations were made For example, describing the exact wording of questions used or information provided to subjects Answers should include the following information: (1) Scientific questions are ones that can be answered by gathering evidence throughTest scientific methods There are other questions thatofarePerson of equalMind interestand but Brain cannot be Bank for Psychology The Science 1stanswered Editionbybygathering Cervone evidence (2) An example of a scientific question is, “Do women react to stress differently than men?” An example of a nonscientific question is “Is itfile okay steal if you are starving?” Other examples of nonscientific questions might include Full attohttps://TestbankDirect.eu/ normative questions, questions of faith, and questions of logic Answers should include the following information: (1) At the level of the person, women, who are reminded of a negative stereotype when taking an important math test, perform less well than men The impact of social stereotypes on women's performance thus explains the gender difference (2) At the level of the mind, anxiety can interfere with the thinking processes If women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests, then the influence of emotion on thinking explains the gender difference (3) At the level of the brain, women's brain activity during math tests differs from men's In this way brain activity explains the gender difference in math test performance Answers should include the following information: (1) At the level of the person, women, who were reminded of a negative stereotype when taking an important math test, performed less well (2) At the level of the mind, being reminded of negative stereotypes produces negative emotions which have been shown to interfere with the thinking processes involved in taking a math test (3) At the level of the brain, researchers have shown that being reminded of negative stereotypes increases activity in lower regions of the brain involved in emotions This lower brain region activation interferes with activity in higher level brain regions needed to solve math problems Answers should include the following information: (1) Aristotle formulated ideas about the mind, and the relation between mind and body in the careful, logical, systematic manner of a scientific theory His work highlights the theoretical aspects of understanding perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action (2) The Buddha proposed that two thoughts combined to create emotional suffering: People believe that they are separate from the world while also believing that they will be happier if they acquire more worldly possessions The teachings of the Buddha highlight the concept of psychology as a healing science, aimed at alleviating human suffering Answers should include the following information: (1) Locke believed that the mind at birth is a “blank slate,” a blackboard on which nothing has yet been written This epitomizes the nurture side of the debate in ascribing the development of abilities through experiences in the world Abilities that come from nurture are those that are learned rather than inherited (2) Although Kant knew that people learned from experience, he believed that some ideas are present in the mind from birth This belief was based on the fact that concepts such as space, time, and causality appear to be innate This argument favors the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate 10 Answers should include the following information: (1) Structuralism is a school of thought that emphasized study of the mind's basic components, or structures (2) Functionalism emphasized the study of the mind in action (3) Psychoanalysis was developed outside of academia by Sigmund Freud, who claimed that the mind contains different parts that are in conflict with one another (4) Behaviorism is a school of thought focusing solely on the prediction and control of behavior, by studying how the environment shapes observable actions (5) Humanistic psychology is an intellectual movement arguing that everyday personal experiences should be psychologists' main target of study Positive psychology believes that positive traits should be the focus of psychology (6) The cognitive revolution argued that the mind's ability to acquire, retain, and draw on knowledge could, and should, be central to psychological science 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 A 15 B 16 C 17 C 18 A 19 D 20 B 21 C 22 B 23 D 24 D 25 A 26 C Page 14 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 A A A C D D A A A B C D D D D A D D A A A A D D C C B B C C A A B B B C B B C C B A A A B C A B C A A B A B A B A B C C C A A A A A B B B B C D D C C A A B Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 15 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 B A A A A C C C C D D C C B B D B A A A D C A A A A Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 16 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which would be an example of psychology as the science of the mind? TestofBank for Psychology The of Person andto Brain by Cervone A) When reminded... evaluate the existence of ESP Test forof Psychology D) not resolve the Bank question the existence ofThe ESP .Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/... hospitals and other health service settings B) for the government C) in private practice Test Bank for Psychology The D) for non-profit organizations Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone