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Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 1. The body can use vitamins directly as a source of energy a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic degenerative diseases a. True b. False ANSWER: True 3. A nonessential nutrient is a substance that your body does not need a. True b. False ANSWER: False 4. A nonessential nutrient is a substance that your body cannot produce by itself a. True b. False ANSWER: False 5. Foods that are high in calories inhibit the production of adenosine triphosphate a. True b. False ANSWER: False 6. The types of lipids found in plant-based foods are quite different from those found in animal-based foods a. True b. False ANSWER: True 7. A _ is a compound found in animal-based foods that likely benefits human health beyond the provision of essential nutrients and energy a. vitamin b. phytochemical c. mineral d. zoochemical ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 8. Which of the following minerals provides the matrix for the bones in your body? a. Selenium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Iron ANSWER: c 9. Foods labeled organic must have at least _ percent organic ingredients a. 70 b. 50 c. 35 d. 25 ANSWER: a 10. The calorie is: a. the number assigned to a food based on the number of ingredients in that food b. the unit of measurement used to express the amount of energy in a food c. a marker of the mineral content in a food d. an indicator of how vitamin rich a food is ANSWER: b 11. Foods that carry the U.S. Department of Agriculture organic seal and are labeled 100 percent organic must have at least _ percent organically produced ingredients a. 85 b. 55 c. 70 d. 95 ANSWER: d 12. Identify micronutrients from the following a. Minerals b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Proteins ANSWER: a Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 13. A is a compound found in plants that likely benefits human health beyond the provision of essential nutrients and energy a. vitamin b. phytochemical c. carbohydrate d. zoonutrient ANSWER: b 14. _ refers to the number of illnesses or diseases in a given period of time a. Mortality rate b. Morbidity rate c. Survival rate d. Crude rate ANSWER: b 15. Which of the following foods can be recommended for a person who needs to strengthen his bone structure and wants to supplement his diet with calcium? a. Dairy products b. Oil c. Fruits d. Vegetables ANSWER: a 16. A substance that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms is a(n) a. inorganic compound b. metallic compound c. organic compound d. ionic compound ANSWER: c 17. Carbohydrates provide _ kilocalories of energy per gram of substance consumed a. 7 b. 6 c. 9 d. 4 ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 18. Which of the following is true of a conditionally essential nutrient? a. It is not normally required by the body for regular functions b. It is a nonessential nutrient that becomes essential under certain circumstances c. It is produced by the body under distress d. It is normally an essential nutrient but sometimes not required for body functions ANSWER: b 19. Which of the following is true of functional foods? a. They are produced by the body in amounts needed to satisfy its requirements b. They are important in regulating body temperature and protecting internal organs from damage c. They contain either a high concentration of nutrients, phytochemicals, or zoochemicals d. They must be obtained from the diet to sustain life ANSWER: c 20. Which of the following nutrients are micronutrients? a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Proteins ANSWER: a 21. Proteins are classified as macronutrients because they: a. have large molecules b. are the primary source of energy for the body c. help maintain the water balance in the body d. need to be consumed in large quantities ANSWER: d 22. Which of the following organizations is responsible for monitoring health trends in the United States? a. The National Institutes of Health b. The American Medical Association c. The Office of Dietary Supplements d. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 23. Before believing a claim that a particular nutrient decreases one's risk of cancer, one should: a. determine whether popular health magazines endorse the claim b. check whether the food packaging and labels assert the claim c. determine whether it is supported by major public health organizations d. check whether the food product's marketing campaign outlines the claimed benefits ANSWER: c 24. Which of the following functions is a primary function of water in our body? a. It comprises the major structural materials of our muscles b. It provides large amounts of energy c. It helps regulate our body temperature d. It protects our body from the damaging effects of air pollution ANSWER: c 25. One of the differences between nonessential nutrients and functional foods is that unlike nonessential nutrients, functional foods: a. regulate the usual body functions b. are synthesized by the body whenever there is a requirement c. promote optimal health beyond the body's basic nutritional needs d. are essential for providing energy for basic body functions ANSWER: c 26. After you eat an energy-yielding nutrient, cells in your body transfer the energy that it contains into a special substance called a. blood sugar b. adenosine triphosphate c. zoochemical d. super food ANSWER: b 27. Which of the following vitamins is a water-soluble vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 28. Which of the following nutrients are macronutrients? a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Minerals d. Phytochemicals ANSWER: b 29. If a slice of bread contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 3 grams of protein, and 3 gram of lipids, how many kilocalories (kcal) does it provide? a. Approximately 19 kcal b. Approximately 46 kcal c. Approximately 81 kcal d. Approximately 171 kcal ANSWER: c 30. Unlike noninfectious diseases, infectious diseases are: a. long-term diseases b. caused by pathogens c. genetic d. not contagious ANSWER: b 31. Dietary fiber is an important _ which plays a role in maintaining the health of your digestive tract a. lipid b. protein c. vitamin d. carbohydrate ANSWER: d 32. _ provide 4 kilocalories of energy per gram of substance consumed a. Lipids b. Minerals c. Vitamins d. Proteins ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 33. Identify an accurate statement about functional foods a. They are essential in regulating body functions b. They are made by the body c. They are required by the body only under certain conditions d. They help promote optimal human health ANSWER: d 34. The nutrients that are required by the body in very small amounts are called _ a. macronutrients b. micronutrients c. phytonutrients d. zoonutrients ANSWER: b 35. An essential nutrient is one that: a. is synthesized by the body in large amounts b. must be obtained from the diet to sustain life c. cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts d. is not required by the body to sustain life ANSWER: b 36. An investigator wanted to determine the effect of egg consumption on cholesterol levels. She asked a group of participants to consume three eggs per day for three weeks and another group of participants to not include eggs in their diet. She tested the cholesterol levels of both the groups before and after the three weeks. This type of study is called a(n) _ a. clinical trial study b. epidemiologic study c. cohort study d. intervention study ANSWER: d 37. In the context of scientific research, correlation occurs when: a. an alteration to one variable causes a change in another variable b. study participants experience an effect of the treatment just because they believe that the treatment will work c. two variables are clearly related, but one cannot be shown to cause the other d. neither the study participants nor the scientists know the group to which the participants have been assigned ANSWER: c Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 38. Which of the following is a similarity between conditionally essential nutrients and essential nutrients? a. Both are synthesized by the body b. Both cannot be synthesized by the body c. Both are not required to be obtained from the diet d. Both are required to be obtained from the diet ANSWER: d 39. One of the important functions of lipids in the human body is: a. to transport nutrients and waste products b. to develop the bone structure c. to develop muscular strength d. to provide energy ANSWER: d 40. Which of the following foods is rich in proteins? a. Corn Oil b. Rice c. Pasta d. Meat ANSWER: d 41. A(n) _ is a substance that your body needs, but if necessary, can produce in amounts needed to satisfy its requirements a. inorganic nutrient b. conditionally essential nutrient c. organic nutrient d. nonessential nutrient ANSWER: d 42. is a substance found in food that is required by the body and used for energy, maintenance of body structure, and/or regulation of chemical processes a. Dietary fiber b. A placebo c. Adenosine triphosphate d. A nutrient ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 43. Babies require four essential dietary lipids to support growth and development, whereas older children and adults require only two essential dietary lipids. Those lipids that are required by babies and not by adults are examples of _ a. conditionally essential nutrients b. nonessential nutrients c. zoochemicals d. phytochemicals ANSWER: a 44. The term _ refers to how living organisms obtain and use food to support all the processes required for their existence a. fortification b. enrichment c. nutrition d. anabolism ANSWER: c 45. A is a nutrition professional who helps people make food choices to support a healthy lifestyle a. medical doctor b. gastroenterologist c. dietitian d. chiropractor ANSWER: c 46. When a researcher wants to determine whether a variable is simply correlated with another variable, he or she conducts a(n) _ a. intervention study b. single-blind study c. double-blind study d. epidemiologic study ANSWER: d 47. Which of the following nutrients are important to the structure of cell membranes and are necessary to the development and maintenance of your nervous and reproductive systems? a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Vitamins d. Proteins ANSWER: a Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 48. Cholesterol is a(n) _ a. nonessential nutrient b. essential nutrient c. micronutrient d. inorganic nutrient ANSWER: a 49. In the context of intervention studies, when researchers know who is in the treatment group and who is in the placebo group but participants do not, the study is called a(n) _ a. cohort study b. single-blind study c. double-blind study d. epidemiologic study ANSWER: b 50. Which of the following is true of the trends in infant mortality rate and life expectancy in the United States over the past century? a. Infant mortality rates have increased and average life expectancy has decreased b. Infant mortality rates have decreased and average life expectancy has increased c. Both have decreased d. Both have increased ANSWER: b 51. _ assesses the number of deaths that occur in a certain population group in a given period of time a. Mortality rate b. Morbidity rate c. Life expectancy d. Life span ANSWER: a 52. Which of the following minerals helps regulate the water balance in our body? a. Iron b. Sodium c. Selenium d. Calcium ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page 10 Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 53. Which of the following is true of chronic degenerative diseases? a. They are infectious b. They are genetic and, therefore, not preventable c. They develop quickly d. They result in loss of tissue function over time ANSWER: d 54. Mathew conducted a week-long experiment to determine the efficacy of a pill for reducing blood pressure. Out of 50 research participants, he gave medicated pills to 25 participants. To create a control group, he gave unmedicated sugar pills to the rest of the participants. None of the participants were aware that they had been given unmedicated pills. After a week, Mathew noted that six of the participants who had received unmedicated pills, along with the participants who received medicated pills, exhibited improved blood pressure. This is an example of _ a. the placebo effect b. researcher bias c. the halo effect d. confirmation bias ANSWER: a 55. A certain fruit is being advertised and promoted on social media as a fruit with superior health-promoting qualities Which of the following publications would be the most trustworthy source of information to verify this claim? a. A local newspaper b. A peer-reviewed journal c. A blog written by a food blogger d. A fitness publication ANSWER: b 56. _ comprise the major structural materials of the body, including muscle, bone, and skin a. Minerals b. Lipids c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates ANSWER: c 57. Briefly discuss the roles of vitamins in our bodies ANSWER: Answers will vary. Our body requires vitamins to control hundreds of chemical reactions needed for its function. Vitamins also promote healthy and appropriate growth and development. Some vitamins, called antioxidants, protect your body from the damaging effects of harmful compounds such as air pollution Vitamins play important roles in the chemical processes that build and maintain tissue and in the utilization of energy contained in macronutrients Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page 11 Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 58. Briefly discuss the connection between obesity and chronic degenerative diseases ANSWER: Answers will vary. Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic degenerative diseases because being obese can predispose a person to life-threatening conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is becoming a health crisis of epidemic proportions both nationally and globally. As such, the dramatic shift from undernutrition to overnutrition or unbalanced nutrition that often occurs as a society transitions to a more industrialized economy—referred to as the nutrition transition—is strongly related to many of the chronic degenerative diseases facing humankind today 59. Outline the role of water in our bodies ANSWER: Answers will vary. Humans typically consume water every day, whether as a beverage or in the foods we eat. The functions of water are varied and vital. More specifically, water functions as the transporter of nutrients, gases, and waste products; as the fluid in which chemical reactions occur; and acts as a partner in many chemical reactions needed for our body to function. Water is also important in regulating body temperature and protecting internal organs from damage 60. Briefly discuss the importance of studying nutrition ANSWER: Answers will vary. Experts agree that chronic degenerative diseases and other health concerns caused at least in part by poor diet represent some of the United States' most serious and pressing public health issues. More than 13 percent of Americans now have cardiovascular disease (the leading cause of death), 30 percent have high blood pressure, and 12 percent have type 2 diabetes. Fortunately, consuming a healthy balance of nutrients, phytonutrients, and zoonutrients can decrease your risk of developing all these conditions. Indeed, as the occurrence of chronic diseases increases, it is ever more important to pay attention to what you eat throughout your entire life. As the old saying goes, "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Or perhaps, stated most succinctly and accurately by Sir Francis Bacon more than 400 years ago, "Knowledge is power." 61. How can researcher bias affect an intervention study's final results? ANSWER: Answers will vary. A researcher can inadvertently influence a study's outcome simply by knowing which subjects received an actual treatment and which received a placebo. This is a type of researcher bias For example, if a researcher knows that certain participants received a treatment thought to improve memory, he might unconsciously score a memory test more favorably for those individuals. Because this type of bias may affect a study's final results, it should be avoided at all costs Copyright Cengage Learning Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-NUTR-2nd-Edition-by-McGuire Page 12 ... Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire. .. Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire. .. Powered by Cognero Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire Page Test Bank for NUTR 2nd Edition by McGuire Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- NUTR- 2nd- Edition- by- McGuire