Test bank for introduction to criminal justice 8th edition by bohm

Page of 11 This chapter has 74 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order Multiple Choice Questions - (46) Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis - (4) True/False Questions - (18) Level: Basic - (49) Short Answer Questions - (8) Level: Difficult - (1) Essay Questions - (2) Level: Moderate - (24) Odd Numbered - (37) Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice - (12)  Even Numbered - (37) Topic: Crime in the United States - (6) Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis - (13) Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control - (4) Bloom's Taxonomy: Application - (6) Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem - (3) Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension - (22) Topic: Criminal Justice: The System - (33) Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation - (7) Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice - (18) Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge - (28) According to a 2006 ABCNEWS.com survey, approximately what percentage of Americans who perceive a crime problem nationally say their belief is based on crime reports they have seen on the news? 20% 40% 60% → 80% Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Crime in the United States As discussed in your textbook, the list of calls for police service in Long Beach, California, shows which call for service to Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm be most common? burglar alarms Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ violations → parking violent offenses disturbances Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Crime in the United States Approximately how many hours a day does the average American spend in front of the television, according to a 2009 study by Ball State University's Center for Media Design? → 12 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Topic: Crime in the United States Multiple Choice Question Critics of the American media argue that the news media have a dual obligation to present news that reflects a higher focus on international crime than on domestic crime and maintain their presentation of sensational crimes present news that reflects a more balanced picture of the overall crime problem and increase their presentation of sensational crimes present news that reflects a more balanced picture of the overall crime problem and reduce their presentation → of sensational crimes present news that reflects a higher focus on international crime than on domestic crime and reduce their presentation of sensational crimes Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Crime in the United States Like the family, schools, organized religion, the media, and the law, criminal justice is a(n) → institution of social control private response to crime informal method of social control subtle social control Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control According to a 2010 public opinion poll, approximately what percentage of Americans responded that they had a "great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in the criminal justice system? 5% → 25% 50% 75% Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control American criminal justice consists of three main agencies Which of the following is NOT one of those three main agencies? corrections → prisons police courts Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Approximately how many agencies of federal, state, and local governments comprise criminal justice in the United States? 50 500 5,000 → 50,000 Multiple Choice Question The term jurisdiction, as used in your text, means the specific location in which a court is located Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition the loose confederation of prisons and jails around the country politically defined geographical area → a Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ the system of rank and hierarchy within police agencies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System by Bohm Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 10 Often, an arrest supported by and is sufficient to close a case, especially with a less serious crime → witness statements; crime scene evidence media coverage; jurisdiction crime scene evidence; media coverage witness statements; jurisdiction Multiple Choice Question 11 After an arrest has been made, the suspect is brought to the police station to be incarcerated → booked interrogated tried Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 12 There are three types of charging documents Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of charging documents described in your text? an information → a misdemeanant a complaint a grand jury indictment Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Multiple Choice Question 13 The booking process typically involves entering the suspect's charge in the police blotter entering the suspect's name in the police blotter perhaps entering the suspect's fingerprints or photograph in the police blotter → All these answers are correct Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 14 A(n) is a charging document specifying that an offense has been committed by a person or persons named or described Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 → information grand jury indictment complaint All these answers are correct Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 15 A(n) outlines the formal charge or charges, the law or laws that have been violated, and the evidence to support the charge or charges → information grand jury indictment complaint ordinance violation Multiple Choice Question 16 A suspect becomes a defendant after an information has been made a complaint has been made arrest → charges have been filed Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition byBloom's BohmTaxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 17 In the case of a misdemeanor or an ordinance violation, a(n) may be held → summary trial information arrest warrant grand jury Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 18 The purpose of the is for a judge to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime or crimes with which he or she is charged → preliminary hearing indictment arraignment initial appearance Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 19 The primary purpose of the is to hear the formal information or indictment and to allow the defendant to enter a plea preliminary hearing indictment → arraignment initial appearance Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 20 About of criminal defendants plead guilty to the charges against them, in an arrangement called plea bargaining → 95% 75% 50% 25% Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 21 Cases that are not resolved through plea bargaining or by a jury trial are decided by a judge in a grand jury indictment → bench trial arraignment Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Multiple Choice Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 22 The vast majority of criminal cases in the United States are disposed of through which of the following processes? jury trials → plea bargaining bench trials vigilantism Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 23 Currently, five general types of punishment are in use in the United States Which of the following is NOT one of these punishments in use in the United States? probation → transportation intermediate punishments death Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 24 Defendants can appeal their convictions on legal grounds Which of the following is NOT one of the legal grounds described in your textbook? mistaken interpretations of law Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm defects in jury selection improper admission of evidence at trial Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ → illegal search and seizure Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 25 Defendants can appeal their convictions on constitutional grounds Which of the following is NOT one of the constitutional grounds described in your textbook? → freedom of speech and public assembly incompetent assistance of counsel improper questioning of the defendant by the police identification of the defendant through a defective police lineup Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 26 Because there is considerable conflict and confusion between different agencies of criminal justice, an accurate way of defining American criminal justice may be to call it a system → a nonsystem extremely uniform smoothly operating Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem 27 Criminal justice officials frequently complained that their jobs were made because of the practice, once common in many states, of sealing juvenile court records less complicated → more difficult easier more interesting Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem 28 When politically conservative values are dominant in society, the principles and policies of seem to dominate the operation of criminal justice → the crime control model obstacle-course justice fact-finding processes the due process model Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 29 The ultimate goal of the crime control model is due process punishment → the control of crime human rights Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 30 If defendants ask for something special, such as a trial, the criminal justice assembly line is enhanced taken to its full potential essentially no different → slowed down Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Level: Basic Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Multiple Choice Question 31 If defendants are not satisfied with the outcome of their trials, they have the right to declare a mistrial → appeal demand a retrial Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by request new counsel Bohm Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 32 Which of the following are used to increase efficiency—meaning speed and finality—in the crime control model? mistrials → plea bargains appeals bench trials Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 33 A major problem with the crime control model is that a presumption of guilt goes against one of the oldest and most cherished principles of American criminal justice What is this principle? Defendants have the right to counsel, even if indigent Defendants have the right to a jury of their peers → Defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty Defendants are protected against compelled self-incrimination Multiple Choice Question 34 Herbert Packer characterizes the due process model as "assembly-line justice." focused on speed and efficiency more concerned with guilt than with innocence → "obstacle-course justice." Multiple Choice Question 35 On which of the following doctrines is the due process model based? → legal guilt factual guilt presumptive guilt legal innocence Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 36 Due process advocates recognize that there can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a person gets, or whether he or she gets a trial at all, depends substantially on → how much money that person has the region of the country in which he or she lives Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 the demands of the court's caseload the personal beliefs of his or her counsel Multiple Choice Question 37 In 2009, a total of was spent on civil and criminal justice → $258 billion $2.58 trillion $258 million $2.58 billion Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Level: Basic Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 38 In 2009, approximately how much did criminal and civil justice cost every resident of the United States (if the costs were divided evenly among all U.S residents)? $8.41 $84.10 → $841.00 $8,410.00 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm 39 On which of the following components of criminal justice was the most money spent in 2009? → police Full protection file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ judicial/legal services corrections reentry Multiple Choice Question 40 In 2009, which level of government spent the most on police protection? federal state → local Expenses were equally divided among all levels of government Multiple Choice Question 41 In 2009, which level of government spent the most on corrections? federal → state local Expenses were equally divided among all levels of government Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 42 In 2009, approximately what percentage of all government expenditures were spent on criminal justice? → 4% 8% 16% 27% Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 43 How much did the state of Florida reportedly spend to administer justice to serial murderer Ted Bundy? $10,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 → $10,000,000 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 44 How much did the federal government spend to execute mass murderer Timothy McVeigh (the cost of the entire process)? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 → $1 million $10 million $100 million $1 billion Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 45 In the Florida cocaine possession case described in the text, what criminal justice function cost the most? law enforcement defense prosecution and court → corrections Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 46 During the Middle Ages in Europe, people commonly believed that guilt or innocence could be determined through → trial by ordeal hanging trial by jury people's courts Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm Level: Basic Multiple Choice Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice Full news file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 47 Sensational crime stories provide a fairly accurate image of the types of crime by which the average citizen is victimized True → False Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Crime in the United States 48 What the media present, for the most part, misleads the American public about the nature of crime → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Crime in the United States 49 Usually, society turns to criminal justice only after other institutions of social control have failed → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control 50 The criminal justice response to crime usually begins when the police themselves discover that a crime has been committed True → False True / False Question 51 An arrest is the seizing and detaining of a person by lawful authority → True False True / False Question 52 A prosecutor always reviews a case before an arrest is made True → False True / False Question 53 An information is used for ordinance violation charges True → False Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Page of 11 True / False Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 54 Probable cause is a standard of proof that requires trustworthy evidence sufficient to make a reasonable person believe that, more likely than not, the proposed action is justified → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 55 A grand jury is a group of citizens who hear a criminal case during trial and decide upon the defendant's guilt True → False Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System True / False Question 56 Judges are limited by statutory provisions when passing a sentence → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 57 Bail is the conditional release of prisoners before they have served their full sentences True Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm → False Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ True / False Question 58 From a political standpoint, the crime control model reflects traditional liberal values True → False Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 59 To achieve "quick closure" in the processing of cases under the crime control model, a premium is placed on speed and finality → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 60 Plea bargaining is the perfect mechanism for achieving the primary focus of the due process model: efficiency True → False Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 61 In the due process model, the factual guilt of suspects is not determined until the suspects have had a full opportunity to discredit the charges against them → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 62 In the due process model, factual guilt is enough for people to be found guilty of crimes True → False Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 63 Neither the crime control model nor the due process model is likely to completely control criminal justice in the future → True False True / False Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Page of 11 64 Criminal justice is primarily a state and local function → True False Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Basic True / False Question Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice 65 Assume that an arrest is made and the defendant is found guilty Number the following steps in the order in which they occur in the criminal justice process Numbers should be from to 11 Possible appeal Either indictment by a grand jury followed by arraignment, or arraignment on an information Formal charging of the suspect Arrest Preliminary hearing (for a felony) Sentencing Booking Investigation Initial appearance Punishment Either a plea bargain or a trial Explanation: 10, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9, 3, 1, 5, 11, Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Level: Basic Short Answer Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 66 Identify the two ways described in your textbook in which criminal justice differs from other institutions of social control Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Explanation: The two ways are as follows: 1) The role of criminal justice is restricted officially to persuading people to abide by a limited range of social values: those whose violation constitutes crime Behaviors are of no official concern to criminal justice unless they violate the criminal law 2) Criminal justice is generally society's "last line of defense" against people who refuse to abide by dominant social values and commit crimes Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Moderate Short Answer Question Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control 67 List the three principal kinds of charging documents and describe for which type of offense each is used Explanation: The three principal kinds of charging documents are a complaint, an information, and a grand jury indictment 1) A complaint in many jurisdictions is used if the offense is a misdemeanor (a less serious crime) or an ordinance violation (usually the violation of a law of a city or town) 2) An information is used in about half the states if the offense is a felony and the state does not use a grand jury 3) A grand jury indictment is used in about half the states if the offense is a felony Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Short Answer Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 68 Defendants can appeal their convictions either on legal grounds or on constitutional grounds Your textbook identifies three examples of legal grounds and four examples of constitutional grounds Name two of each Explanation: Answers can include any of the following: Legal grounds: defects in jury selection, improper admission of evidence at trial, and mistaken interpretations of law Constitutional grounds: illegal search and seizure, improper questioning of the defendant by the police, identification of the defendant through a defective police lineup, and incompetent assistance of counsel Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Short Answer Question Topic: Criminal Justice: The System 69 What are the ways in which an appellate court can handle a case that has been appealed? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 10 of 11 Explanation: The appellate court can affirm the verdict of the lower court and let it stand; modify the verdict of the lower court, without totally reversing it; reverse the verdict of the lower court, which requires no further court action; reverse the decision and remand, or return, the case to the court of original jurisdiction for either a retrial or resentencing Short Answer Question 70 Explain the two reasons the American criminal justice system is a nonsystem Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Explanation: The two reasons are: 1) There is no single system, but instead a loose confederation of more than 50,000 agencies on federal, state, and local levels 2) Rather than being a smoothly operating set of arrangements and institutions, the agencies of the criminal justice system interact with one another but generally operate independently, often causing problems for one another Short Answer Question 71 Explain the doctrine of legal guilt Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ According to the doctrine of legal guilt, people are not to be held guilty of crimes merely on a showing, based on reliable evidence, that in all probability they did in fact what they are accused of doing It is not enough that people are factually guilty; they must also be legally guilty This means that the integrity of due-process rights must be maintained Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Short Answer Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 72 Your textbook identifies nine due-process rights that affect the determination of legal guilt Name five of them Explanation: Answers can include any of the following: protection against double jeopardy; protection against compelled selfincrimination; a speedy and public trial; an impartial jury of the state and district where the crime occurred; notice of the nature and cause of the accusation; the right to confront opposing witnesses; compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses; the right to counsel; the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Level: Moderate Short Answer Question Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice 73 Your neighbor realizes you are studying criminal justice and asks for your opinion regarding his cousin's recent encounter with the law It seems that cousin Michael, a 25-year-old and a new homeowner, had a fight with his neighbor, Jack Michael had just planted some new roses on what he thought was his property when Jack came outside and claimed the roses were on his property At first, Michael tried to handle the situation calmly, but when Jack said he would pull out the roses, Michael and Jack started shouting loudly at one another A friend called the police, who responded and warned both Michael and Jack that they needed to calm down or they could be charged with a misdemeanor for disturbing the peace After the police left, Jack waited and then stole the roses from out of the ground and was observed by Michael's newlyinstalled video cameras as the culprit Michael went to the police and signed a complaint for felony larceny due to the cost of the roses Now, your neighbor wants to know what is likely to happen to Jack Explain what is likely to occur by outlining the stages from arrest to the possible disposition of the case, using either the crime control or due process model Assume this is Jack's first offense and that he fully admits to taking the roses Explanation: Answers will vary but should include a discussion of the police, courts and corrections They should at least briefly identify the stages of the arrest, booking, preliminary hearing, arraignment, standard of proof and likelihood of plea bargaining Corrective measures answers will vary depending on whether the student applies a due process or crime control model Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Essay Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 11 of 11 74 Using your local law enforcement jurisdiction as an example, gather the most recently published crime statistics, as well as a review of recent headlines, and prepare an answer to the following scenario: Mary, charged with a felony burglary, has been indicted by a grand jury and is facing trial next month Given the history of your jurisdiction's key players in the police department, court, and corrections, will she likely face a due process or crime control model? Why? How, if at all, will this vary from recent trends within the U.S.? Explanation: Answers will vary according to jurisdictions but should include a discussion of liberalism and conservatism as reflected in each of the two models, and likelihood of how the current presidential administration will impact these models Discussions of this are reflected in the text under "Crime Control versus Due Process." Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Level: Difficult Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice Essay Question Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/