Test bank for CJ realities and challenges 2nd edition by masters

Page of 11 This chapter has 70 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order  Multiple Choice Questions - (70) Topic: Judicial System - (2) Odd Numbered - (35) Topic: Judiciary - (1) Even Numbered - (35) Topic: Law Enforcement - (1) Level: Basic - (40) Topic: Media Coverage - (5) Level: Difficult - (5) Topic: Politics - (4) Level: Moderate - (25) Topic: Sanctions - (1) Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong? - (2) Topic: The Consensus Perspective - (6) Topic: Corrections - (4) Topic: The Consequences of Crime - (2) Topic: Crime Control Model - (3) Topic: The Right to DNA Testing after Conviction - (1) Topic: Crimes Prohibited by Law - (1) Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws - (7) Topic: Discrimination - (3) Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System - (2) Topic: Domestic Issues - (1) Topic: The Wedding Cake Model - (5) Topic: Domestic challenges - (2) Topic: Victim Services - (4) Topic: Due Process Model - (6) Type: Application - (21) Topic: Fear of crime - (3) Type: Comprehension - (3) Topic: Global Challenges - (3) Type: Evaluation - (6) Topic: Impact of Crime on Victims - (1) Type: Knowledge - (40) In order for a behavior to be considered a crime it must be → defined by society as a crime considered undesirable behavior by the public against all social norms witnessed by at least one person Multiple Choice Question Behaviors that society considers deviant → change across time and location are consistent across time and location are consistent only across time but differ across location are consistent only across location but differ across time Multiple Choice Question Wearing your pajamas to work would be an example of a violation of a(n) → informal social norm formal social norm written law behavior rule Multiple Choice Question The criminal justice system is set into motion when is violated an informal social norm any social norm → a legal norm a community standard Level: Basic Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Type: Knowledge Level: Moderate Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Type: Application Level: Moderate Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Multiple Choice Question Type: Comprehension Which perspective argues that laws are made to serve to represent the interest of the public majority? conflict → consensus dominant hierarchical Level: Basic Topic: The Consensus Perspective Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge Which perspective argues that laws are tools of those who control society, used to serve their self-interest? → conflict consensus dominant hierarchical Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Multiple Choice Question Level: Basic Topic: The Consensus Perspective Type: Knowledge Rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior are laws corrective actions behavioral adjustments → sanctions Multiple Choice Question Which criminal justice actor has the responsibility of instructing the jury for rendering a verdict? → judge prosecutor court probation officer court mediator Level: Basic Topic: Sanctions Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Judicial System Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge Individuals who receive early release from prison, based on complying with certain standards while free, are under what type of supervision? community watch probation → parole correctional supervision Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 10 A first-time offender, charged with misdemeanor marijuana possession, would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model? layer layer layer → layer Level: Moderate Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 11 Someone who receives a traffic citation for speeding would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model? layer layer layer → layer Level: Moderate Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 12 A first-time offender who steals a car would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model? layer layer → layer layer Multiple Choice Question 13 The crime control model is mainly focused on → Efficient arrest and processing of alleged offenders rehabilitation offender rights constitutional protections Multiple Choice Question 14 The due process model is mainly focused on → offender rights punishment Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Level: Difficult Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Type: Application Level: Basic Topic: Crime Control Model Type: Knowledge Page of 11 rehabilitation constitutional protections Level: Basic Topic: Due Process Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 15 The requirement that police must obtain a search warrant before searching a suspect's residents is supportive of which crime model? → due process model crime control model evidence model suspect procedural model Level: Moderate Topic: Due Process Model Type: Application Multiple Choice Question 16 Besides changing the law, how can the legislature influence the criminal justice system? → restricting funding passing laws to force states to change their laws lobbying state governments The legislature cannot influence the criminal justice system beyond changing the law Level: Moderate Topic: Politics Multiple Choice Question Type: Comprehension 17 In 2004 Scott Peterson went on trial for the murder of his wife and unborn child Even before the trial, the case had a great deal of media attention In fact, from the time the victim, Lindsay Peterson, was reported missing, the news reported extensively on the case After a long trial, Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death by lethal injection in 2005 Given the wedding cake model, under which level would the Scott Peterson case be classified? → layer layer layer layer Level: Moderate Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Evaluation 18 In 2004 Scott Peterson went on trial for the murder of his wife and unborn child Even before the trial, the case had a great deal of media attention In fact, from the time the victim, Lindsay Peterson, was reported missing, the news reported extensively on the case After a long trial, Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death by lethal injection in 2005 In Westernized cultures, Scott Peterson's crime would most likely be classified as → mala in se mala prohibita a status violation violation of informal social norms Level: Moderate Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong? Multiple Choice Question Type: Evaluation 19 John and Greg are college roommates The two share an apartment but have separate bedrooms While Greg is at class, John enters his room and takes a few of Greg's personal items He never takes money, only clothes and other small personal items Greg has noticed that things have been missing and when he asks John, John tells him he doesn't know where they are or who took them Greg does not suspect John Instead, he thinks other friends who frequently visit are responsible Given the above scenario, John's taking of Greg's items is best classified as a deviant behavior → crime deception violation of norm Level: Difficult Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 20 During her Introduction to Criminal Justice class, Kim's phone rings Instead of silencing it, she answers it and carries on a conversation with her roommate The people sitting around her give her disapproving glances to show their irritation The professor also stops the lecture and glares at her until she hangs up Kim is very embarrassed and sinks into her seat Which type of sanction has Kim received? → informal formal criminal regulatory Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Level: Moderate Topic: The Consequences of Crime Type: Application 21 During her Introduction to Criminal Justice class, Kim's phone rings Instead of silencing it, she answers it and carries on a conversation with her roommate The people sitting around her give her disapproving glances to show their irritation The professor also stops the lecture and glares at her until she hangs up Kim is very embarrassed and sinks into her seat Kim's behavior is an example of a violation of a public rule crime behavioral rule → social norm Level: Moderate Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 22 All fifty states and the District of Columbia have lowered the blood alcohol level required to charge a youth under 21 with driving under the influence These laws typically prohibit those under 21 from drinking if they have a BAC of 02 or higher These state laws were passed after federal legislation was enacted in 1995 abolishing highway funding to states that did not pass these laws The above scenario is an example of legislatures affecting the law through changing the law → funding distribution lobbying reallocation Level: Moderate Topic: Politics Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 23 After burglarizing a house, Tom is caught by the police Upon apprehension, the police arrest Tom and take him to the local jail Tom waits in jail until the next morning when he is taken to court for arraignment During the arraignment, Tom is told of the charges filed against him At this time, Tom's attorney also asks the court for bail Because Tom has an extensive prior record, no job, and no family living in the area, the judge denies bail and rules that Tom must wait in jail until sentencing Before the case goes to trial, Tom is offered a plea bargain by the district attorney assigned to the case Complying with the terms of the plea bargain, Tom pleads guilty and is sentenced to months in jail followed by 12 months probation Tom's crime would be would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model? layer → layer layer layer Level: Difficult Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Evaluation 24 After burglarizing a house, Tom is caught by the police Upon apprehension, the police arrest Tom and take him to the local jail Tom waits in jail until the next morning when he is taken to court for arraignment During the arraignment, Tom is told of the charges filed against him At this time, Tom's attorney also asks the court for bail Because Tom has an extensive prior record, no job, and no family living in the area the judge denies bail and rules that Tom must wait in jail until sentencing Before the case goes to trial Tom is offered a plea bargain by the district attorney assigned to the case Complying with the terms of the plea bargain, Tom pleads guilty and is sentenced to months in jail followed by 12 months probation In the above scenario, the criminal justice process began when Tom attended arraignment at the court → Tom was arrested by the police Tom was denied bail Tom was offered the plea bargain Level: Moderate Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 25 The vast majority of people living in our society want to be protected from violence and theft Because of this desire to be safe, our society has laws to prohibit members of our society from harming others and from taking possessions that belong to others The laws described in the above scenario indicate evidence of what type of society? conflict → consensus organized radical Level: Moderate Topic: The Consensus Perspective Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 26 Offenders who commit street crimes (e.g., muggings, burglaries) are typically sentenced to much more severe sentences than white-collar criminals (e.g., tax evasion, fraud) More money also is allocated to fight street crime than is allocated to fight white collar crime The disparities in punishments for these two types of crimes are evidence of what type of society? → conflict consensus Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 organized radical Level: Moderate Topic: The Consensus Perspective Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 27 Offenders who commit street crimes (e.g., muggings, burglaries) are typically sentenced to much more severe sentences than white collar criminals (e.g., tax evasion, fraud) More money also is allocated to fight street crime than is allocated to fight white collar crime Given the logic of this perspective, what would explain the differences in the punishments of the street crimes and the white collar crimes? → There is unequal distribution of wealth and power between the two groups The two crimes incite various amounts of public fear Street crime costs society more money than white-collar crimes There are no victims in white-collar crimes Multiple Choice Question 28 Mala in se crimes are → wrong in and of themselves wrong because the law says they are wrong victimless not universally agreed on as being wrong Level: Moderate Topic: The Consensus Perspective Type: Evaluation Level: Basic Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong? Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 29 An example of a mala prohibita crime that is not also necessarily a mala in se crime is → assisted suicide rape robbery murder Multiple Choice Question 30 The individuals most likely to be victims of crimes are → young males young females elderly females elderly males Level: Moderate Topic: Crimes Prohibited by Law Type: Application Level: Basic Topic: Fear of crime Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 31 Which movement resulted in the reform of the criminal justice system to be more concerned with victims of crime? the Victim Awareness Project → Victim Rights Movement Helping Victims Movement Concerning the Victims Movement Multiple Choice Question 32 Which group is the most fearful of crime? → elderly women young men middle-aged men residents of rural communities Level: Basic Topic: Impact of Crime on Victims Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Fear of crime Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 33 Statistics indicate that the level of fear of crime in the general public has over the past couple of years → decreased increased stayed the same not been examined Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 Level: Basic Topic: Fear of crime Type: Knowledge 34 Individuals who are most fearful of crime typically get their news from → local news the Internet national news radio news Multiple Choice Question 35 Media reports on violent crimes such as murder give viewers the impression that → these crimes are more common than they actually are these crimes are less common than they actually are media coverage is accurate regarding the frequency of these crimes these crimes never occur Multiple Choice Question 36 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the crime control model? efficiency greater concern that guilty individuals will go unpunished attempt to arrest and convict a high number of offenders → emphasis on individual rights Multiple Choice Question 37 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of due process? emphasis on individual's constitutional rights → processing offenders through the system as quickly as possible notifying individuals of their rights making sure offenders are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Type: Comprehension Level: Basic Topic: Crime Control Model Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Due Process Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 38 The local news station reports on a burglary that occurs in small town The house was broken into when no one was home and only small items were taken After watching their local news, a group of neighbors on the opposite side of town that the burglary took place decide to band together and set up a vigilante group to police their streets They also decide it is necessary to arm themselves with firearms while they roam their neighborhood Their reaction is an example of → moral panic moral organization response tactic response organization Level: Moderate Topic: Media Coverage Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 39 What percentage of African American males age 20-29 are under the supervision of the criminal justice system? one-half one-tenth → one-third three-fourths Level: Basic Topic: Discrimination Type: Knowledge Multiple Choice Question 40 Of the following statements, which is true about youths and drug use? → White youths use more drugs than Black youths Black youths use more drugs than White youths Black and White youths use drugs at the same rate Black and White youths are equally represented in the criminal justice system for drug use Level: Basic Topic: Discrimination Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 41 A local neighborhood is concerned about the number of unsupervised youths that are present in their area Recently, there has been an increase in the number of vandalisms and thefts from the communities' households Most of the people in the Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 11 neighborhood believe the youths are the perpetrators of these incidents To deal with the issue, they want an increased police presence in the area and want the city to implement a town curfew In an effort to get their demands, they join together and begin calling and sending letters to the mayor's office threatening him that the members will not vote for him in the next election if he does not pass a curfew law and increase police efforts Their group is a local example of a(n) → interest group self-serving committee political action group interest committee Level: Difficult Topic: Politics Type: Evaluation Multiple Choice Question 42 Which state does NOT have a DNA testing law? Texas Wisconsin New York → Alaska Multiple Choice Question 43 What was the incidence of violent crime in the United States in 2008? 30,200 per 100,000 population 1,250 per 100,000 population → 454 per 100,000 population 56 per 100,000 population Level: Basic Topic: The Right to DNA Testing after Conviction Type: Knowledge Multiple Choice Question 44 In the 1980s there was an ideological shift in the criminal justice system to be more focused on → punitive punishment rehabilitation drug treatment therapy Multiple Choice Question 45 A 2010 Gallup poll found that % of Americans supported the legalization of marijuana 23 → 46 69 92 Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Politics Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: The Consensus Perspective Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 46 There are currently offenders in prison who have been convicted for crimes in which DNA was not tested Several of these offenders request that that these tests be done because it will prove that they did not commit the crimes for which they were found guilty Several district attorneys, however, contest their request and argue the tests are unnecessary as guilt has already been proven beyond a reasonable doubt The failure of states to accommodate DNA requests is reflective of which model? due process model → crime control model processing model evidence procedural model Level: Difficult Topic: Due Process Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Evaluation 47 What are descriptions written by victims to describe how their victimizations affected them called? feeling statements → victim impact statements victim forms victimology forms Multiple Choice Question 48 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Level: Basic Topic: Victim Services Type: Knowledge Page of 11 While walking down the street, John witnesses his good friend being robbed and beaten The police rely heavily on what he saw to find the perpetrator John also has to testify in court against the assailant He is very traumatized by the suffering of his friend and his involvement in the criminal justice system In this scenario, John is a(n) victim witness impacted witness → secondary victim crime victim Level: Moderate Topic: Victim Services Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 49 While walking down the street, John witnesses his good friend being robbed and beaten The police rely heavily on what he saw to find the perpetrator John also has to testify in court against the assailant He is very traumatized by the suffering of his friend and his involvement in the criminal justice system Who would you recommend as the best and most qualified person for John to speak with regarding his trauma? a witness counselor police officers a witness advocate → a victim advocate Level: Moderate Topic: Victim Services Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 50 The person who is appointed to assist victims with every aspect of the post-victimization period is called the victim counselor → victim advocate trauma advocate public counselor Level: Moderate Topic: Victim Services Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 51 While intoxicated, a man breaks into a home he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch When the residents of the home find him, they call the police The man is arrested for breaking and entering The judge determines that for his sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days What type of sentence did the man receive? probation parole → alternative community service Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 52 While intoxicated, a man breaks into a home he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch When the residents of the home find him, they call the police The man is arrested for breaking and entering The judge determines that for his sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days The man's behavior is an example of a violation of a public rule → formal norm behavioral rule social norm Level: Moderate Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 53 While intoxicated, a man breaks into a home he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch When the residents of the home find him, they call the police The man is arrested for breaking and entering The judge determines that for his sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days The sanction the man received is a(n) sanction → formal informal light treatment Multiple Choice Question 54 The two courts of the United States dual-court system are the → state and federal state and government government and local county and state Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Level: Moderate Topic: The Consequences of Crime Type: Application Page of 11 Level: Basic Topic: Judicial System Type: Knowledge Multiple Choice Question 55 The third-largest international illicit trade activity is weapons trafficking → human trafficking drug trafficking stolen goods trafficking Level: Basic Topic: Global Challenges Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 56 What have many jurisdictions recently established in an effort to deal with all the individuals in the criminal justice system with mental health problems? → mental health courts mental hospitals treatment services counseling services Multiple Choice Question 57 What are the main parts of the criminal justice system, in the contemporary view? probation, law enforcement, corrections, and victim services → law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and victims services law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and courts law enforcement, jails, prisons, and courts Multiple Choice Question 58 Approximately _ of criminal offender recidivate 1/4 1/3 ½ → 2/3 Multiple Choice Question 59 What system does the U.S Supreme Court belong to? → federal courts state court local court world court Multiple Choice Question 60 When it comes to the race of the victim and offender, most crimes are → intraracial interracial racially motivated perpetrated by a Black offender on a White victim Level: Basic Topic: Domestic Issues Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Domestic challenges Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Judiciary Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 61 A group of young men get caught breaking into a convenience store at night to steal packs of cigarettes Because it is their first offense, the judge sentences them to remain in the community under court supervision, without any time incarcerated What type of sanction did they receive? → probation parole punitive community Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Multiple Choice Question Type: Application 62 What famous case, introduced in 1966, made it a requirement for police to notify suspects of their rights? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 10 of 11 → Miranda v Arizona Thomas v Arizona Miranda v Unites States Plessy v Ferguson Multiple Choice Question 63 How many countries admit to having a bioweapons program? 20 10 → Multiple Choice Question 64 How many countries does the U.S believe have bioweapons programs? 20 → 10 Multiple Choice Question 65 After black males, this group has the second highest incarceration rate Asians Whites → Latinos Native Americans Level: Basic Topic: Due Process Model Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Global Challenges Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Global Challenges Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Discrimination Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 66 According to the Innocence Project, more than offenders have been exonerated due to DNA evidence between 1989 and December 2010 150 → 250 500 1000 Multiple Choice Question 67 What decade was the height of the due process model? 1970s → 1960s 1980s 1950s Multiple Choice Question 68 Which model advocates assembly line justice? → crime control model process model due process model offenses model Level: Basic Topic: Domestic challenges Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Due Process Model Type: Knowledge Level: Basic Topic: Crime Control Model Multiple Choice Question Type: Knowledge 69 In 2008, approximately how many people were incarcerated in the U.S (including those held in state and federal prisons and local jails)? 20 million → 2.4 million million 250,000 Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 11 of 11 Level: Basic Topic: Corrections Type: Knowledge 70 What is the main purpose of community-based policing initiatives? → foster a better relationship between police and the community make arrest processes more efficient increase the number of witnesses reduce property crimes Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Level: Basic Topic: Law Enforcement Type: Knowledge ... probation, law enforcement, corrections, and victim services → law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and victims services law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and courts law enforcement, jails,... United States dual-court system are the → state and federal state and government government and local county and state Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Level: Moderate Topic: The Consequences... increased police presence in the area and want the city to implement a town curfew In an effort to get their demands, they join together and begin calling and sending letters to the mayor's office