Page of This chapter has 45 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order Multiple Choice Questions - (45) Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale - (5) Odd Numbered - (23) Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements composing life - (8) Even Numbered - (22) Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the significance of each part - (11) Bloom's: Application - (1) Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together - (11) Bloom's: Comprehension - (2) Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a unique substance for supporting life as we know it - (8) Bloom's: Evaluation - (1) Learning Objective: 1.5 Describe the acids, bases and buffers and their importance to life - (2) Bloom's: Knowledge - (41) Section: Acids, bases and buffers - (7) Difficulty: Easy - (14) Section: All life is composed of the same few elements - (17) Difficulty: Hard - (11) Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules - (11) Difficulty: Medium - (20) Section: Water is the medium of life - (10) When electrons in excited orbitals lose energy, that energy can be used to drive another chemical process emit light be passed on to a neighbouring atom → All of the answers are correct be used to drive photosynthesis in a leaf cell in sunlight Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are Question 01 When electrons in excited arranged and the significance of each part orbitals Section: All life is composed of the same few elements An oxygen atom has protons, neutrons and electrons Its atomic number is 16 Its mass number is It has electrons in the first energy level (electron shell) → It has electrons in the outermost energy level (electron shell) It has electrons in the outermost energy level (electron shell) Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the Question 02 An oxygen atom significance of each part has Section: All life is composed of the same few elements Atoms of the same element can exist in different forms called isotopes The most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12 but it has two less-common isotopes, carbon-13 and carbon-14 The less-common isotopes have the same number of electrons but more protons → the same number of protons but more neutrons the same number of neutrons but more protons the same number of protons but more electrons the same number of neutrons but more electrons Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules Multiple Choice Question Question 03 Atoms of the same element can Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between atoms with opposite polarity → transfer of electrons from one atom to another sharing of electrons between oppositely charged ions attraction between positively and negatively charged ions of the same element sharing of electrons in the outer electron orbital of an atom Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a molecule and Question 04 Ionic bonds the weak bonds which hold molecules together are Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules Hydrogen bonds can form between carbon and hydrogen atoms oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule → oxygen and hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules hydrogen atoms within the same molecule Multiple Choice Question Question 05 Hydrogen bonds can form Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Page of molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules One of the properties that make water an ideal medium for living organisms is that water → can absorb considerable amounts of heat with little change in temperature expands and becomes more dense as it changes from solid to liquid form releases heat when it evaporates is a universal solvent has a high boiling point Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a unique Question 06 One of the properties that substance for supporting life as we know it make Section: Water is the medium of life Hydrogen bonding between water molecules gives water a high level of structural organisation In ice, the maximum number of hydrogen bonds formed with one water molecule is → Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a unique Question 07 Hydrogen bonding between substance for supporting life as we know it water Section: Water is the medium of life Water is a versatile solvent because water molecules are small → polar hydrophilic loosely connected by hydrogen bonds hydrophobic Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a Question 08 Water is a versatile solvent unique substance for supporting life as we know it because Section: Water is the medium of life Which of the following statements is CORRECT? The internal pH of the cells of an organism is usually the same as the pH of the external environment → The internal pH of the cells of an organism may be quite different to the pH of the external environment Regardless of the internal pH of their cells, most living organisms can only survive within a narrow range of environmental pH Regardless of the pH of the environment, most living organisms will not survive if the internal pH of their cells fluctuates The internal pH of a muscle cell may become more basic during exercise Bloom's: Comprehension Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale Question 09 Which of the following statements Section: Acids, bases and buffers 10 The interior of a lysosome in an animal cell has a pH of 5, while the cytosol of the cell has a pH of 7.4 This indicates that in comparison to the cytosol, the interior of the lysosome has a lower concentration of total dissolved ions lower concentration of hydrogen ions higher concentration of bicarbonate ions → higher concentration of hydrogen ions higher concentration of hydroxyl ions Bloom's: Application Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale Question 10 The interior of a lysosome in an Section: Acids, bases and buffers 11 Buffers are substances that assist cells and organisms to resist changes in pH by accepting H+ ions as pH rises and releasing H+ ions as pH falls accepting OH– ions as pH rises and releasing H+ ions as pH falls → accepting H+ ions as pH falls and releasing H+ ions as pH rises accepting OH– ions as pH falls and releasing H+ ions as pH rises accepting OH- ions as pH falls and releasing OH- ions as pH rises Page of Multiple Choice Question Question 11 Buffers are substances that assist Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.5 Describe the acids, bases and buffers and their importance to life Section: Acids, bases and buffers 12 Living organisms are composed of elements made of small units called → atoms protons neutrons electrons ions Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 12 Living organisms are composing life composed Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 13 Which one of the following is not one of the four most abundant atoms (>99%) found in living cells? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen → Phosphorus Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 13 Which one of the following is composing life not Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 14 Electrons exist as orbitals around the nucleus of an atom Any orbital may contain → only electrons electrons electrons electrons any number of electrons depending on the orbital Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 14 Electrons exist as orbitals composing life around Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 15 Atoms in which the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons in the orbital are known as → ions molecules elements isotopes radioactive Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are Question 15 Atoms in which the number of arranged and the significance of each part protons Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 16 The energy levels of electrons in their orbitals are determined by → the distance of the orbital from the nucleus the number of electrons in the orbital the number of neutrons in the nucleus the number of protons in the orbital the distance of the electrons in the orbital from each other Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the significance of each part Section: All life is composed of the same few elements Multiple Choice Question Question 16 The energy levels of electrons in 17 An element is a substance made up of → one type of atom only one type of molecule only at least two different types of atoms one atom linked to a different atom by a covalent bond an atom with one neutron and one proton in the nucleus Page of Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements composing Question 17 An element is a life substance Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 18 The small, negatively charged particles in an atom are called → electrons protons neutrons ions isotopes Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the significance of each part Section: All life is composed of the same few elements Multiple Choice Question Question 18 The small, negatively charged 19 The atomic number of an atom is → the number of protons in the nucleus the number of protons in the orbitals the number of electrons in the nucleus the number of neutrons in the nucleus the number of ions in the nucleus Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the Question 19 The atomic significance of each part number Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 20 The mass number of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom → protons and neutrons combined in the nucleus of an atom neutrons in the nucleus of an atom electrons in an atom protons and electrons combined in an atom Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged Question 20 The mass number of an and the significance of each part atom Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 21 Living organisms are composed predominantly of which of the following groups of elements: → Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); carbon (C) Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); phosphorus (P) Hydrogen (H); phosphorus (P); carbon (C) Hydrogen (H); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl) Oxygen (O); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl) Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 21 Living organisms are composed composing life predominantly Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 22 The chemical properties of elements are determined primarily by → the number and arrangement of electrons in the highest energy level of the atom (the outermost electron shell) the number of neutrons in the nucleus the number and arrangement of electrons in the lowest energy level of the atom (the innermost electron shell) the ability of the electrons to change to a different orbital the type of bonds formed in the electron orbitals Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the significance of each part Section: All life is composed of the same few elements Multiple Choice Question Question 22 The chemical properties of elements 23 Elements in living organisms are similar to those found generally in the biosphere → not similar to those found in the biosphere mainly carbon (C) and sodium chloride (NaCl) highly reactive Page of mostly atoms with a high atomic mass Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are arranged and the Question 23 Elements in significance of each part living Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 24 Carbon has electrons in its outer shell available for covalent bonding Which of the following statements about carbon is INCORRECT? → Carbon is able to share the electrons with atoms of hydrogen Carbon is able to share the electrons with other carbon atoms to form biomolecules Carbon is able to share electrons with oxygen to form carbon dioxide Carbon is able to form stable molecules by gaining electrons in its outer electron orbital Carbon is able to form highly reactive molecules by losing of the electrons in its outer electron orbital Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are Question 24 Carbon has electrons in its arranged and the significance of each part outer Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 25 Nitrogen has electrons in its outer orbital which allows it to share its electrons with hydrogen atoms → hydrogen atoms hydrogen atoms hydrogen atoms hydrogen atoms Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components of an atom, how they are Question 25 Nitrogen has electrons in its arranged and the significance of each part outer Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 26 The pH of blood is 7.4 The pH of vinegar is 1.4 The blood sample has times lower [H+] than the vinegar 6,000 times higher [H+] than the vinegar 6,000 times lower [H+] than the vinegar 5.3 times lower [H+] than the vinegar → a million times lower [H+] than the vinegar Multiple Choice Question Question 26 The pH of blood 27 When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the type of bonding is termed ionic hydrogen → covalent non-covalent unstable Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale Section: Acids, bases and buffers Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 27 When two atoms share a molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together pair of Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 28 When atoms gain or lose electrons from their orbital and so become charged, they are called unstable non-covalent isotopes radioactive → ions Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 28 When atoms gain or lose molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together electrons Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 29 In a molecule of water, the electrons are not equally shared between the atoms This makes the molecule polar, and interaction with other polar molecules allows the formation of covalent bonds Page of → van der Waals interactions hydrogen bonds ionic bonds stable bonds Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 29 In a molecule of water, the molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together electrons Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 30 Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is CORRECT? Van der Waals forces allow temporary associations between molecules but the bonds are 100 times weaker → than covalent bonds Covalent bonds involve the attraction between two ions of opposite charge Hydrogen bonds formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms are strong, stable bonds In a molecule of water, the electrons are shared equally between the hydrogen and the oxygen molecule This is the reason for the stability of water Ionic compounds result from the attraction between anions (positively charged ions) and cations (negatively charged ions) Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 30 Which of the following molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together statements Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules Test Bank An Australian Focus 5th as Edition by Knox 31 Water molecules tend to for stickBiology to other water molecules This is known → cohesion Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ adhesion ionic bonding covalent bonding van der Waals forces Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a unique Question 31 Water molecules tend to substance for supporting life as we know it stick to Section: Water is the medium of life 32 Which of the following statements about water is INCORRECT? Water molecules tend to stick to one another (cohesion) and to other molecules that have charged surface groups to which water can hydrogen bond (adhesion) The cohesive forces between water molecules are stronger between water molecules than between water and air molecules This results in surface tension Both cohesive and adhesive forces are together responsible for the capillary action of water → Only adhesive forces are responsible for the capillary action that causes water to rise through plant stems Heat is liberated when liquid water is turned to ice This property of water is called the heat of fusion Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a Question 32 Which of the following unique substance for supporting life as we know it statements Section: Water is the medium of life 33 Water is extremely important in all living things because of its properties Which of the following is not a property of water? Water is a polar molecule because of the unequal sharing of the electrons between hydrogen and oxygen Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and with other polar molecules Hydrogen bonding makes water molecules cohesive This cohesiveness results in surface tension Water repels non-polar molecules → Water is an excellent buffer and maintains the intracellular pH in a cell Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a Question 33 Water is extremely unique substance for supporting life as we know it important in all Section: Water is the medium of life 34 Compared with a pH of 7, a solution with a pH of has times higher [H+] concentration times lower [H+] concentration → 1/100 the [H+] concentration 100 times the [H+] concentration 20 times lower [H+] concentration Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of Multiple Choice Question Question 34 Compared with a pH Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale Section: Acids, bases and buffers 35 Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) into solution are → acids bases buffers hydrophobic carbon containing molecules Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.5 Describe the acids, bases and buffers and their Question 35 Substances that release importance to life hydrogen Section: Acids, bases and buffers 36 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A buffer solution maintains a relatively constant pH either by removing hydrogen ions or by releasing them → Water molecules ionise and dissociate forming both hydrogen (H+) and hydroxyl ions (OH-) The pH is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution The pH is the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the solution The pH scale is logarithmic Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Test Bank for Biology An Australian Focus 5th Edition by Knox Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH scale Question 36 Which of the statements Section: Acids, bases and buffers Full filefollowing at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 37 When a negatively charged electron is provided with more energy it can Occupy space between orbitals → Move to an outer orbital from an inner orbital Move closer to the positively charged nucleus Become a positron Bind to another electron in the same orbital Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 37 When a negatively charged composing life electron Section: All life is composed of the same few elements 38 Why is Nitrogen fixation an energy intensive process? NH3 synthesis contains a rate-limiting step in its production Atmospheric N contains long Carbon chains that are difficult to break down N-fixation is a recently evolved mechanism and therefore inefficient Atmospheric N contains several single and double bonds → Atmospheric N is bound by a triple covalent bond Bloom's: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 38 Why is Nitrogen fixation molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together an energy Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 39 In regard to non-covalent bonds, which statement is true? Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds Non-covalent bonds are important in maintaining the three-dimensional shape of proteins → All statements are correct A Hydrogen bond is a non-covalent bond Non-covalent bonds are involved in the molecular role of inheritance Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules Multiple Choice Question Question 39 In regard to non-covalent bonds, which 40 Hydrogen bonds → are stable in the interior of a double helix are weaker than van der Waals bonds between water molecules are transient are stronger than ionic bonds are not involved in the process of hereditary Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of Multiple Choice Question Question 40 Hydrogen bonds Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 41 In regard to chemical bonding, what is the order of bond strength from weakest to strongest? → Van der Waals, Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, van der Waals Hydrogen, Covalent, Ionic, van der Waals Van der Waals, Ionic, Hydrogen, Covalent Ionic, Hydrogen, van der Waals, Covalent Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the strong bonds which hold atoms together in a Question 41 In regard to chemical molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together bonding, what is Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules 42 Why does sucrose dissolve readily in water? → Because water molecules form H-bonds with the hydroxyl groups in sucrose Because sucrose is non-polar Because sucrose molecules are unable to form H-bonds with water molecules Because sucrose is an efficient solvent Because sucrose is hydrophobic Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Question 42 WhyFull does file sucrose dissolve unique substance for supporting life as we know it readily in water? Section: Water is the medium of life 43 Like carbon, silicon can form complex molecules yet silicon-based life has not been found Why not? Carbon preferentially displaces silicon in extensive polymers Silicon atoms are not present in the lithosphere at high enough concentrations → The covalent bonds between silicon atoms yield less energy when oxidised The oxide of silicon is a liquid Silicon is not a tetravalent atom Test Bank for Biology An Australian Focus 5th Edition by Knox Bloom's: Evaluation Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 43 Like carbon, silicon can form composing life complex Section: Water is the medium of life 44 Which of the following atoms is NOT among those most commonly found to bind to carbon? Oxygen Hydrogen Sulfur → Potassium Nitrogen Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the main elements Question 44 Which of the following atoms composing life is Section: Water is the medium of life 45 Why is water a liquid over a wider range of temperatures than any other comparable solvent? Because it is an efficient solute Because of its tetravalency → Because of its hydrogen-bonding characteristics Because it can carry nutrients and oxygen in solution Because of its ability to form complex polymers Multiple Choice Question Question 45 Why is water a liquid over Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the special properties of water that make it a unique substance for supporting life as we know it Section: Water is the medium of life Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... tetravalent atom Test Bank for Biology An Australian Focus 5th Edition by Knox Bloom's: Evaluation Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.1 Define an element and list the... solution The pH scale is logarithmic Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Test Bank for Biology An Australian Focus 5th Edition by Knox Multiple Choice Question Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the pH... following molecule and the weak bonds which hold molecules together statements Section: Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules Test Bank An Australian Focus 5th as Edition by Knox 31 Water molecules