ally evolved into wings supports an evolutionary position → True False True / False Question 20 The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Darwin and Lyell → Darwin and Wallace Darwin and Malthus Darwin and Lamarck Multiple Choice Question 21 In the formula, p + q = → p represents the frequency of one of the alleles in the population p represents the probability of an allele mutating q represents the selection pressure acting against an allele none of the above Multiple Choice Question 22 Darwin's finches represent a good example of punctuated equilibrium sympatric speciation → adaptive radiation phyletic gradualism Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Multiple Choice Question 23 Which of the following best describes the relationship between organismal ontogeny and phylogeny? Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny Ontogeny rarely contains phylogenetic information Ontogeny usually recapitulates phylogeny in reverse order Ontogeny may recapitulate phylogeny for some characteristics, but → rarely does this occur for the organism as a whole Multiple Choice Question 24 Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory? It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record of animals It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of branching speciation → It requires macromutational changes It suggests that most species experience relatively little phenotypic change throughout their evolutionary duration Multiple Choice Question 25 Which of the following is not one of the observations that led Darwin to propose the theory of natural selection? Organisms have great potential fertility Natural populations normally remain constant in size except for minor fluctuations Natural resources are limited The hereditary process features inheritance of discrete and non-blending → particular factors Multiple Choice Question 26 Which of the following is not an inference of Darwin's theory of natural selection? There exists a struggle for existence among members of a population There is differential survival and reproduction among varying organisms in a population Characteristics that are harmful to survival are often advantageous for → reproduction Over many generations, differential survival and reproduction of varying organisms generates new species Multiple Choice Question 27 Which of the following scientists was most important in transforming Darwin's theory from its initial formulation to what we now call neo-Darwinism? → Weissmann Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Lamarck Lyell T H Huxley Multiple Choice Question 28 Which of the following was a common early criticism of Darwin's theory of natural selection? It could not explain the origins of new structures or new species, only the → modification of existing ones It could not work because Darwin overestimated the struggle for existence in nature It could not work because there was no evidence that variable traits could be inherited It could not work because it appeared to violate the laws of physics Multiple Choice Question 29 Darwin's thoughts on evolution were greatly influenced by an essay on populations written by Malthus Fill-in-the-Blank Question 30 The methods for dating geological formations are based on a process known as radioactive decay Fill-in-the-Blank Question 31 Structures in different organisms that are similar because they descend with some modification from a corresponding feature of their common ancestor are said to be _ homologous Fill-in-the-Blank Question 32 Evolutionary change in the timing of development is called heterochrony Fill-in-the-Blank Question 33 The biological factors that prevent members of different species from interbreeding are called _ reproductive barriers Fill-in-the-Blank Question 34 The evolution of ecologically diverse species from a common ancestral stock is called _ adaptive radiation Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Fill-in-the-Blank Question 35 All of the alleles of all genes possessed by members of a population collectively form the _ gene pool Fill-in-the-Blank Question 36 A useful method for dating fossil-bearing rocks that are multiple millions to billions of years old is _ potassium-argon dating Fill-in-the-Blank Question 37 The most serious weakness in Darwin's theory of natural selection was his failure to correctly identify the mechanism of heredity or inheritance Fill-in-the-Blank Question 38 Random changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations comprise the concept of genetic drift Fill-in-the-Blank Question 39 An explanation for gaps in the fossil record stating that evolutionary change is concentrated in episodic events of branching speciation is called punctuated equilibrium Fill-in-the-Blank Question 40 The term that Darwin used to describe the differential propagation of traits that are favorable for obtaining mates, although not necessarily for survival, is _ sexual selection Fill-in-the-Blank Question 41 Selection for particular biological traits through their utility in permitting species to survive mass extinction is called catastrophic species selection Fill-in-the-Blank Question 42 Lyell is credited with the principle of _, which was described in his Principles of Geology uniformitarianism Fill-in-the-Blank Question 43 Geological time may be broken down into eons, eras, periods and _ epochs Fill-in-the-Blank Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman 44 Certain fossils are very indicative of the geological period in which they occurred These are referred to as index or _ fossils guide Fill-in-the-Blank Question 45 is a term which relates to the branching interrelationships of all living things Phylogeny Fill-in-the-Blank Question 46 An example of industrial _ is the natural selection seen in the peppered moth of England melanism Fill-in-the-Blank Question 47 To date, the greatest mass extinction was the _ extinction Permian Fill-in-the-Blank Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman ... https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman. .. https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman. .. https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman Test Bank for Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Hickman Page of Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Animal-Diversity-7th-Edition-by-Hickman