Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology Which science studies human and primate origins, variation, and evolution? a physical/biological anthropology b multidisciplinary anthropology c applied anthropology d primatology ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Which of the following best describes North American anthropology? a It incorporates aspects of the social, life, and physical sciences b It is primarily dedicated to studying traditional societies c It is the study of human biological evolution d It is a subfield of sociology ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order In Canada and the United States, how many major subfields does anthropology have? a b c d ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Which of the following is a reason why anthropology is a holistic discipline? a Its researchers take an integrative approach to understanding the whole human condition b Its researchers have a unique understanding of cultural variation c Its researchers conduct applied research all around the world d Its researchers are especially interested in holistic medicine ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order Which of the following does the term “biocultural” refer to? a the biological evolution of all hominins that rely on culture b a research approach acknowledging the interrelatedness of biology and culture Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-1 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology c changes in human culture from generation to generation d biological changes in a species across time ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember According to the text, which of the following best defines cultural anthropology? a It focuses on traditional societies b It focuses on analyzing material culture from ancient populations c It has no practical applications in modern society d It takes a cross-cultural perspective on all aspects of human societies ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Which of the following best describes the role of archaeologists? a They aim to recover valuable artifacts for museum displays and other institutional collectors b They usually conduct their research without help from experts in other disciplines c They study past human lifeways by analyzing human interactions with their environments d They analyze human skeletal remains when contacted by local police or the RCMP ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember What is the name for the subdiscipline of anthropology concerned with various aspects of human language? a cultural anthropology b anthropological linguistics c applied anthropology d paleoanthropology ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember What is osteology? a a subfield of isotopic anthropology b the study of our hominin ancestors c the descriptive and comparative study of bones and teeth d the investigation of mummified soft tissues ANSWER: c Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-2 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology POINTS: REFERENCES: p 10 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 10 Osteologists aim to what with their research? a reconstruct the lives of past peoples b reconstruct ancient languages c inform the public about primate conservation issues d avoid community-based research ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 10 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 11 If an anthropologist works with teams of local stakeholders in order to design and conduct their research, you would say they are doing what kind of research? a medical anthropology b ethnoarchaeology c ecological research d community-based research ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 10 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 12 What biological anthropologists hope to learn by conducting stable isotope analyses of a deceased person’s remains? a their sex b their diet c their age at death d their gender ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 11 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 13 What technique would you use to reconstruct the age at which children were weaned in a past population? a computed tomography b radiology c radiocarbon d stable isotopes ANSWER: d POINTS: Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-3 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology REFERENCES: p 11 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 14 Which subfield of biological anthropology studies ancient disease? a paleoepidemiology b paleopathology c paleodemography d paleomedicine ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 12 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 15 If you were investigating the origins of syphilis, which of the following would you be studying? a primatology b nutritional anthropology c paleopathology d isotopic anthropology ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p 12 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 16 What is the name for the study of human evolution using fossils? a osteology b paleopathology c forensic anthropology d paleoanthropology ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 12 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 17 Which of the following terms is used to classify all humans and our bipedal ancestors? a taxon b hominin c Homo sapiens d apes ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 12 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-4 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology 18 Which of the following human biologists study? a human disease and trauma in past populations b modern human diversity in its historical and environmental contexts c how ancient humans adapted to environmental variability and culture change d the origins and causes of racial difference ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 13 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 19 Which of the following does anthropometry involve? a the measurement of body size, shape, and proportion b the prevalence of diseases in the past c the treatment of high-altitude hypoxia d the reproductive success of human populations ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 13 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 20 Which branch of anthropology helps us understand population diversity at the level of genes and their products? a isotopic b applied c medical d molecular ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 14 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 21 The rate at which researchers were able to identify DNA sequences in 2004 increased by how may fold in 2011? a four b forty c four hundred d forty thousand ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 14 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 22 Biological anthropologists reconstruct evolutionary events and population histories through the examination of what? a whole-genome variation b primatological linguistics Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-5 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology c mitochondrial throughput d Y-chromosome convergence ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 14 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 23 Your research involves observing the parenting behaviours of spider monkeys Which of the following are you? a primatologist b paleoanthropologist c cultural anthropologist d molecular anthropologist ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 15 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 24 Why are primatologists interested in keystone species? a because they are only located on the island of Madagascar b because they are so successful at breeding c because they are susceptible to changes imposed by human activity d because they occupy isolated ecological niches that have not been impacted by humans ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p 16 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 25 Which anthropologists work with local police forces in order to identify human remains? a paleoanthropologists b human biologists c primatologists d forensic anthropologists ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 16 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 26 Which of the following is the primary interest of medical anthropologists? a the origins of infectious diseases and their transmission to First Nations groups b the development of medical services and their delivery to high-risk groups c the interplay of culture, biology, and medicine in traditional and Western societies c the use of cultural knowledge to treat diseases and illnesses in traditional societies ANSWER: c Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-6 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology POINTS: REFERENCES: p 18 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 27 Which of the following did Sherwood Washburn’s vision of a new biological anthropology include? a a careful consideration of process b a healthy distrust of collaboration c the avoidance of experimental approaches d the sharpening of a focus on human varieties ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 18 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 28 In the past, biological anthropology investigated varieties of “mankind.” Which of the following does it focus on today? a varieties of mankind and our primate relatives b applied approaches to working with human types c determining the number of human types d variation within humankind ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 19 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 29 If you were inclined to put your classmates in distinct groups based upon the shapes of their skulls, which figure in the history of biological anthropology would you most admire? a Blumenbach b Boas c Black d Washburn ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 19 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 30 If you view biological diversity as being the result of dynamic interactions between organisms and their environments, you are taking what kind of approach to your research? a typological b processual c holistic d eugenic ANSWER: b POINTS: Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-7 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology REFERENCES: p 19 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 31 Before the Second World War, which of the following were biological anthropologists most interested in? a the adaptability of modern human populations b documenting physical distinctions between human varieties c exploring the meaning of variation within populations d the origins of our fossil hominin ancestors ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 20 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 32 In 1925, who discovered and reported on the first Australopithecus africanus fossil? a Davidson Black b Raymond Dart c Sir Solly Zuckerman d Richard Leakey ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 20 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 33 Davidson Black was a Canadian anatomist For which of the following is he best remembered? a He was the first to apply anthropological techniques to studying human variation b He was the first to identify and name what is now known as Homo erectus c He held the first Canada Research Chair (CRC) d He was the first to teach biological anthropology at the University of Toronto ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 20 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 34 What was the Piltdown Man? a the first hominin discovered b the missing link between apes and humans c a forgery d a well-preserved mummy from the Peruvian highlands ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p 20 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-8 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology 35 Why was Franz Boas’s work in biological anthropology especially influential? a He proved that there are distinct human races b He provided a record of the origins of immigrants to the United States c He found that cranial morphology can determine one’s success in life and that of one’s children d He found that seemingly fixed biological potentials are actually environmentally determined ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 36 The social philosophy proposing that humankind might be improved through direct intervention in reproduction is called what? a bubonics b eugenics c craniometry d processualism ANSWER: b POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 37 What are ossuaries? a repositories for human skeletal remains b skeletal collections of known individuals c racial categories d community-based research projects ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 38 When did biological anthropology became a formally organized discipline in Canada? a 1800s b early 1900s c 1960s d 1980s ANSWER: c POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 39 The roots of modern Canadian physical anthropology can be traced to what organization? a The National Museum of Man Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-9 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology b The Royal Ontario Museum c The University of Toronto d McGill University ANSWER: a POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 40 The earliest years of biological anthropology in Canada saw a research focus on what subfield? a archaeology b primatology c paleoathropology d skeletal biology ANSWER: d POINTS: REFERENCES: p 21 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 41 What are the five major subfields of anthropology, and what aspects of human experience they investigate? ANSWER: While many texts discuss four major subfields of North Americanist anthropology, this author presents five—anthropological linguistics, cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, applied anthropology, and archaeology Anthropological linguistics studies the origin, evolution, and use (social context) of languages Cultural anthropology studies the structure and function of human societies, usually from a cross-cultural perspective Biological anthropology is the study of the biological origins, evolution, and contemporary diversity of humans and their primate relatives Applied anthropology emphasizes projectbased, problem-oriented, practical applications of anthropological knowledge And archaeology is the systematic study of past human lifeways through and analysis of human interactions with, and modification of, the environment POINTS: REFERENCES: p 4–8 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 42 Using an example, define and explain the biocultural approach taken by anthropologists ANSWER: The biocultural approach is a research perspective that recognizes the inter-relationship of biology and the many facets of culture There are several examples of biocultural research projects provided in the text, but the work of Kurki and colleagues is specifically highlighted as being an exemplar of biocultural anthropology work Their comparative study of body-size proportionality in small-bodied foragers from past and present South African and Andaman Island populations has successfully integrated aspects of cultural anthropology, archaeology, and anthropological linguistics with biological anthropology to allow them to get a fuller understanding of their research question POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 43 Who was Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi? How does the investigation of his remains exemplify a community-based research project? Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-10 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi (Long Ago Person Found) is the name given to the partial remains of a young man that were discovered in 1999 as they emerged from melting glacial ice in northwestern British Columbia He was found with artifacts such as clothing and hunting implements The ability to reconstruct the past life of this person relied on exceptional cooperation and the goodwill of members of the scientific community, First Nation elders, band leaders, and community members POINTS: REFERENCES: p 10 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order ANSWER: 44 Explain why biological anthropologists are interested in nonhuman primate biology and behaviour ANSWER: Primatologists study nonhuman primates for two major reasons: 1) primates are inherently interesting and live fascinating lives beyond the realm of human experience; and 2) because we are closely related to nonhuman primates (in some cases, very closely), we study primates to study ourselves In this sense, primates serves as models for how our ancestors might have lived and behaved in certain contexts POINTS: REFERENCES: p 14 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember 45 Explain why Johann Friedrich Blumenbach’s classification of human varieties was “racial” but not “racist.” ANSWER: Johann Friedreich Blumenbach (1752–1840) was a comparative anatomist who is often credited as being one of the forefathers of the old physical anthropology He worked to classify humans into groups that could be called “races” based on the comparative study of individuals’ skulls using craniometry (the metrical assessment of the size and shape of the human skull) While his categories may have been “racial” in terms of trying to identify discreet human types, it was not “racist” as we understand the term today Blumenbach did not equate his types of humans with set possibilities and limitations of ability or certain kinds of behaviour, as someone with a more racist agenda would Instead he saw the varieties of “man” as grading into one another over geographic distance and having more to with opportunity than innate character POINTS: REFERENCES: p 19–20 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 46 What is unique about the anthropological approach to understanding human variation? ANSWER: In answering this question, students should touch on several key perspectives that make for a uniquely anthropological perspective on studying human variation These include:multi- and inter-disciplinarity (drawing from and contributing to many other fields that study humankind); holism (the integrated study of all aspects of human life in order to develop and comprehensive view of the whole of the human condition); and the biocultural perspective (a research perspective that recognizes the inter-relationship between biology and the many facets of culture) POINTS: REFERENCES: p 5–8 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 47 Discuss the “globesity” pandemic and the factors contributing to the high prevalence of OW–OB among children of First Nations ancestry ANSWER: “Globesity” is a term sometimes used to refer to what the World Health Organization (WHO) refers to as the overweight and obesity (OW–OB) pandemic The prevalence of OW–OB in First Nations Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-11 Test Bank for A Human Voyage Exploring Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Keenleyside Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter - Introduction to Biological Anthropology communities is significantly higher than it is in other parts of the Canadian population As Box 1.1 explains, this higher prevalence is not rooted in ancestral biology, but in history and political economy Exploration of the social determinants of health (e.g., education, income, housing, family structure, etc.), which are grounded in colonial and post-colonial histories, allow for broader and more nuanced understanding of the variation in human biological outcomes POINTS: REFERENCES: p KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order 48 Name/describe three of the major subfields of biological anthropology that require knowledge of the human skeleton How anthropologists use this knowledge to answer questions about human behaviour? ANSWER: Major subfields of biological anthropology that require knowledge of the human skeleton included osteology, paleopathology, and paleoanthropology Osteology is the descriptive and comparative study of bones and teeth Osteology involves the determination of sex, age at death, growth and development, biological affinities, environmental adaptations, signs of cultural practices, paleodietary reconstruction, etc Paleopathology is the study of ancient disease and trauma and produces insights regarding stress, violence, and infectious and parasitic diseases, and can thus provide perspectives on past health and adaptation Paleoanthropology is the study of human evolution through fossils This work involves the discovery of new hominin ancestors, documenting hominin diversity and adaptations, and reconstructing the evolutionary relationships that link us to our ancient bipedal ancestors POINTS: REFERENCES: p 10–13 KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited Keenleyside, Lazenby Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 1-12