2. Variable description
Table 1: Health insurance coverage by expenditure quintiles
Table 2: The use of outpatient care across providers by the insurance status and the type of insurance.
Commune clinics
Public polyclinics
/district hospital
Provincial/
central hospital
Private clinics/ hospital
Total
No health insurance
23.17
12.84
12.05
51.94
100.00
Table 3: Decomposition of utilization by health facilities, inpatients
Table 4: Number of outpatient contacts per person
Commune clinics
Public polyclinics/ district hospital
Provincial/ central hospital
Private clinics/ hospital
Total
No health insurance
0.239
0.132
0.128
0.547
1.046
Table 5: Number of inpatient contacts per person
Commune clinics
Public polyclinics /district hospital
Provincial /central hospital
Private clinics /hospital
Total
No health insurance
0.007
0.022
0.031
0.002
0.062
Table 6: Probability of health facilities contacts in general Odd ratio
Outpatient
Inpatient
Table 7: The results for contacts and frequency of outpatient contacts at the commune health centres
Probability of contact
Frequencies of contacts
All sample
Urban
Rural
All sample
Urban
Rural
Age
0.991
*
0.954
***
0.996
-0.01
*
-0.054
**
-0.006
0.005
0.016
0.005
0.006
0.022
0.006
Age Squared
1.000
**
1.000
**
1.000
0
**
0.001
***
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
Male
0.817
***
0.783
*
0.817
***
-0.052
-0.066
-0.043
0.040
0.130
0.042
0.05
0.166
0.052
HH Head education grade
1.004
0.986
1.005
-0.004
0.014
-0.006
0.007
0.023
0.007
0.009
0.025
0.01
Education: Primary school
0.882
**
0.748
0.900
*
0.039
0.307
0.028
0.054
0.185
0.057
0.069
0.253
0.071
Education: Secondary school
0.844
***
0.726
0.853
**
-0.085
0.265
-0.091
0.065
0.215
0.069
0.092
0.301
0.096
Education: High school
0.553
***
0.549
*
0.551
***
-0.009
-0.587
0.076
0.110
0.343
0.115
0.159
0.518
0.164
Education: Technical/University
0.539
***
0.376
***
0.610
***
0.408
***
0.543
0.417
***
0.111
0.315
0.119
0.149
0.344
0.159
In marriage or not
1.240
***
1.740
***
1.176
**
0.077
0.835
***
0.015
0.062
0.211
0.066
0.074
0.274
0.075
Expenditure per capita
0.651
***
0.570
***
0.662
***
0.167
***
0.137
0.144
**
0.046
0.131
0.050
0.058
0.148
0.061
Ethnic Minority
1.323
***
1.818
***
1.328
***
-0.456
***
-0.251
-0.455
***
0.065
0.190
0.069
0.088
0.291
0.091
Household size
0.956
***
0.944
0.957
***
-0.056
***
-0.127
***
-0.05
***
0.013
0.036
0.013
0.014
0.047
0.014
Urban
0.284
***
-0.214
**
0.070
0.092
Illness/injuries
27.966
***
6.184
***
32.884
***
-0.332
**
0.189
-0.404
**
0.081
0.226
0.085
0.153
0.285
0.166
Number of days in bed due to illness/injuries
0.998
*
1.001
0.997
**
0.002
*
0
0.003
**
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Number of inactive days
1.000
0.996
1.000
0.008
***
0.003
0.008
***
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.007
0.002
Suffer from chronic disease
1.002
1.240
0.977
0.407
***
0.204
0.429
***
0.065
0.197
0.069
0.078
0.286
0.081
Free health card for children under 6 Yos
2.954
***
3.083
***
2.863
***
0.311
***
1.067
***
0.231
*
0.110
0.301
0.115
0.113
0.309
0.122
Health insurance/
Free health card for the poor
2.158
***
2.413
***
2.138
***
0.257
***
0.694
***
0.214
***
0.056
0.196
0.058
0.071
0.225
0.073
Compulsory health insurance
1.861
***
2.106
***
1.846
***
0.184
*
0.353
0.155
0.072
0.213
0.077
0.096
0.28
0.1
Voluntary health insurance
1.459
***
0.824
1.581
***
0.284
***
0.605
**
0.269
***
0.063
0.232
0.066
0.083
0.258
0.086
Red River Delta
0.870
*
1.177
0.861
*
-0.075
0.194
-0.108
0.074
0.225
0.078
0.104
0.29
0.111
North West
0.736
***
1.090
0.745
***
-0.194
-0.451
-0.199
0.106
0.338
0.112
0.153
0.446
0.158
North Central Coast
0.800
***
1.051
0.790
***
-0.227
**
-0.847
**
-0.202
*
0.075
0.292
0.078
0.109
0.362
0.111
South Central Coast
0.738
***
0.889
0.714
***
0.392
***
0.453
0.358
**
0.085
0.250
0.091
0.134
0.297
0.144
Central Highlands
0.895
0.766
0.894
0.328
***
-0.38
0.388
***
0.082
0.242
0.088
0.105
0.357
0.109
South East
0.520
***
0.766
0.483
***
0.413
***
0.292
0.443
***
0.084
0.228
0.092
0.113
0.284
0.119
Mekong River Delta
1.157
**
1.139
1.150
**
0.701
***
0.403
*
0.725
***
0.062
0.214
0.065
0.076
0.241
0.079
_cons
0.541
3.975
0.368
**
-0.936
*
-0.986
-0.713
0.394
1.104
0.425
0.512
1.36
0.542
Likelihood ratio test statistics for overdispersion
2472.58
115.96
2284.58
Table 8: Probability of out-patient contacts and Frequencies of contacts: public polyclinics/hospitals
Probability of contact
Frequency of contacts
Odd ratio
Coefficients
All sample
Urban
Rural
All sample
Urban
Rural
Age
0.998
0.980
*
1.009
0
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.006
Age Squared
1.000
1.000
**
1.000
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
Male
0.821
***
0.652
***
0.916
*
0.057
0.15
**
-0.011
0.039
0.071
0.046
0.046
0.072
0.057
HH Head education grade
1.017
**
1.017
1.014
*
-0.001
0.014
-0.014
0.007
0.012
0.008
0.008
0.011
0.01
Education: Primary school
0.945
0.901
0.965
-0.104
-0.316
***
0.042
0.056
0.112
0.065
0.064
0.114
0.078
Education: Secondary school
1.181
***
1.063
1.228
***
-0.121
*
-0.29
**
-0.002
0.064
0.124
0.075
0.073
0.114
0.09
Education: High school
1.010
0.945
1.102
-0.161
*
-0.291
**
-0.11
0.088
0.149
0.109
0.098
0.144
0.136
Education: Technical/University
1.271
***
1.090
1.592
***
-0.129
-0.428
***
0.098
0.090
0.154
0.112
0.095
0.143
0.12
In marriage or not
1.458
***
1.504
***
1.395
***
0.112
*
0.264
***
0.004
0.061
0.107
0.074
0.059
0.088
0.079
Expenditure per capita
1.327
***
1.178
**
1.443
***
0.155
***
0.114
*
0.188
***
0.041
0.069
0.052
0.044
0.061
0.061
Ethnic Minority
0.724
***
0.557
***
0.833
**
-0.144
*
-0.161
-0.131
0.075
0.171
0.087
0.085
0.156
0.099
Household size
0.928
***
0.880
***
0.958
***
-0.02
-0.037
-0.006
0.013
0.021
0.016
0.013
0.024
0.015
Urban
1.236
***
0.01
0.047
0.052
Illness/injuries
18.120
***
14.055
***
21.477
***
-0.081
-0.073
-0.069
0.074
0.129
0.090
0.107
0.159
0.142
Number of days in bed due to illness/injuries
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.003
***
0.003
***
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Number of inactive days
1.006
***
1.007
***
1.005
***
0.003
***
0.003
***
0.002
***
0.001
0.003
0.001
0
0.001
0.001
Suffer from chronic disease
2.344
***
2.759
***
2.162
***
0.469
***
0.46
***
0.473
***
0.055
0.101
0.066
0.052
0.088
0.065
Free health card for children under 6 Yos
2.171
***
3.536
***
1.763
***
0.235
-0.039
0.543
**
0.118
0.219
0.144
0.172
0.204
0.219
Health insurance/Free health card for the poor
2.115
***
3.490
***
1.809
***
0.283
***
0.453
***
0.181
**
0.060
0.134
0.068
0.064
0.117
0.076
Complusory health insurance
2.418
***
3.228
***
2.128
***
0.272
***
0.317
***
0.216
**
0.064
0.114
0.078
0.066
0.104
0.086
Vulneraty health insurance
2.162
***
2.366
***
2.079
***
0.159
**
0.149
0.167
**
0.055
0.101
0.066
0.062
0.11
0.075
Red River Delta
0.941
1.448
***
0.764
***
-0.042
-0.09
0.006
0.071
0.125
0.089
0.099
0.134
0.144
North West
1.254
*
1.198
1.175
-0.118
-0.152
-0.019
0.121
0.242
0.141
0.146
0.271
0.172
North Central Coast
0.885
1.231
0.812
**
-0.17
*
-0.238
-0.052
0.074
0.172
0.082
0.093
0.17
0.111
South Central Coast
1.534
***
1.797
***
1.405
***
0.238
***
0.182
0.261
**
0.070
0.121
0.088
0.078
0.112
0.107
Central Highlands
0.983
1.391
**
0.810
**
0.232
**
-0.063
0.442
***
0.081
0.141
0.102
0.09
0.145
0.114
South East
1.049
1.351
***
0.961
0.63
***
0.449
***
0.796
***
0.066
0.107
0.087
0.071
0.1
0.095
Mekong River Delta
1.029
1.340
**
0.903
0.559
***
0.466
***
0.627
***
0.060
0.116
0.071
0.063
0.104
0.08
_cons
0.001
***
0.006
***
0.000
***
-1.018
***
-0.645
-1.372
**
0.371
0.683
0.456
0.39
0.607
0.533
Table 9: Probability of out-patient contacts and Frequency of contacts: Private clinics/hospitals
Probability of contact
Frequency of contacts
Odd ratio
Coefficients
All sample
Urban
Rural
All sample
Urban
Rural
Age
0.972
***
0.978
**
0.971
***
-0.006
0
-0.007
0.005
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.011
0.006
Age Squared
1.000
***
1.000
***
1.000
***
0
**
0
0
**
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
Male
0.889
***
0.770
***
0.945
-0.064
-0.002
-0.109
**
0.041
0.077
0.048
0.046
0.086
0.051
HH Head education grade
1.002
1.013
0.997
0.002
0.015
-0.003
0.007
0.013
0.008
0.008
0.013
0.009
Education: Primary school
0.865
***
0.737
***
0.929
-0.153
**
-0.387
***
-0.051
0.055
0.112
0.064
0.061
0.127
0.069
Education: Secondary school
0.773
***
0.578
***
0.889
-0.215
***
-0.469
***
-0.097
0.070
0.137
0.081
0.083
0.169
0.092
Education: High school
0.750
***
0.666
**
0.805
*
-0.342
***
-0.521
***
-0.154
0.097
0.161
0.123
0.119
0.172
0.162
Education: Technical/University
0.803
**
0.697
**
0.936
-0.121
-0.235
-0.161
0.100
0.163
0.129
0.106
0.167
0.147
In marriage
1.338
***
1.188
1.415
***
0.024
-0.008
0.035
0.060
0.106
0.073
0.067
0.12
0.078
Expenditure per capita
1.441
***
1.554
***
1.350
***
0.227
***
0.122
0.22
***
0.044
0.078
0.053
0.047
0.08
0.059
Ethnic Minority
0.671
***
0.875
0.665
***
-0.254
**
-0.804
***
-0.145
0.089
0.207
0.099
0.115
0.202
0.128
Household size
0.961
***
0.936
***
0.975
*
0.019
0.066
***
-0.017
0.012
0.024
0.014
0.014
0.024
0.014
Urban
0.791
***
0.021
0.049
0.055
Illness/injuried
33.549
***
25.330
***
38.283
***
0.364
**
-0.034
0.615
***
0.105
0.198
0.124
0.167
0.249
0.188
Number of days in bed due to illness/injuried
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.002
***
0.001
0.003
***
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Number of inactive days
1.001
0.999
1.001
0.005
***
0.004
*
0.006
***
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
Suffer from chronic disease
1.507
***
1.557
***
1.462
***
0.389
***
0.521
***
0.32
***
0.062
0.114
0.075
0.065
0.112
0.076
Free health card for children under 6 Yos
0.777
**
0.950
0.754
**
0.097
0.192
0.082
0.116
0.224
0.136
0.127
0.234
0.152
Health insurance /Free health card for the poor
0.668
***
0.912
0.621
***
0.071
0.3
*
-0.046
0.066
0.141
0.075
0.076
0.169
0.082
Compulsory health insurance
0.529
***
0.477
***
0.565
***
-0.202
**
-0.025
-0.325
***
0.080
0.132
0.098
0.09
0.124
0.119
Voluntary health insurance
0.603
***
0.718
***
0.555
***
-0.157
**
-0.157
-0.121
0.059
0.108
0.071
0.071
0.119
0.087
Red River Delta
0.444
***
0.527
***
0.416
***
-0.34
*
0.321
-0.553
**
0.108
0.210
0.127
0.183
0.261
0.241
North West
0.687
**
2.252
***
0.453
***
-0.236
-0.44
-0.046
0.181
0.283
0.239
0.27
0.373
0.354
North Central Coast
0.616
***
1.809
***
0.488
***
-0.248
*
0.333
-0.512
***
0.099
0.205
0.113
0.147
0.27
0.152
South Central Coast
2.479
***
3.557
***
2.104
***
-0.003
0.435
**
-0.268
**
0.078
0.143
0.096
0.104
0.187
0.13
Central Highlands
2.519
***
3.391
***
2.246
***
0.069
0.347
*
0.02
0.084
0.161
0.101
0.108
0.196
0.129
South East
2.206
***
2.206
***
2.507
***
0.562
***
0.714
***
0.571
***
0.071
0.126
0.089
0.087
0.166
0.097
Mekong River Delta
2.697
***
3.165
***
2.627
***
0.691
***
0.89
***
0.653
***
0.064
0.132
0.075
0.081
0.171
0.089
_cons
0.001
***
0.000
***
0.001
***
-2.102
***
-1.4
*
-1.996
***
0.396
0.776
0.471
0.441
0.812
0.54
Likelihood ratio test statistics for overdispersion
3195.51
929.62
2150.7
Table 10: Probability of in-patient contacts and frequency of contacts: public polyclinics/hospitals
Probability of contact
Frequency of contacts
Odd ratio
Coefficients
All sample
Urban
Rural
All sample
Urban
Rural
Age
0.972
***
0.951
***
0.978
**
0.001
0.003
0
0.008
0.017
0.009
0.013
0.023
0.015
Age Squared
1.000
***
1.001
***
1.000
**
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
Male
0.875
**
0.720
***
0.952
0.182
0.515
**
-0.008
0.055
0.107
0.063
0.12
0.222
0.134
HH Head education grade
0.972
***
0.961
**
0.981
*
-0.018
-0.029
-0.014
0.009
0.018
0.011
0.016
0.025
0.019
Education: Primary school
1.019
1.208
0.945
-0.128
-0.195
-0.077
0.080
0.175
0.090
0.149
0.26
0.173
Education: Secondary school
1.142
1.398
1.044
-0.114
-0.394
0.048
0.094
0.211
0.106
0.164
0.304
0.191
Education: High school
1.111
1.579
*
0.951
0.022
0.005
-0.003
0.130
0.237
0.162
0.253
0.404
0.339
Education: Technical/University
1.019
1.261
0.952
-0.432
*
-0.541
-0.188
0.121
0.223
0.155
0.227
0.341
0.27
In marriage or not
1.948
***
2.192
***
1.842
***
-0.057
-0.3
0.002
0.098
0.195
0.113
0.142
0.273
0.171
Expenditure per capita
1.361
***
0.959
1.654
***
0.131
-0.234
0.43
***
0.058
0.107
0.070
0.106
0.157
0.119
Ethnic Minority
1.130
1.061
1.293
**
0.249
0.015
0.532
**
0.100
0.227
0.113
0.213
0.318
0.234
Household size
0.995
0.964
1.015
-0.035
-0.02
-0.054
**
0.016
0.031
0.018
0.024
0.048
0.027
Urban
0.941
0.188
0.071
0.149
Illness/injuries
18.357
***
9.016
***
25.816
***
0.21
0.707
-0.063
0.131
0.210
0.172
0.465
0.773
0.549
Number of days in bed due to illness/injuries
1.013
***
1.011
***
1.014
***
0.006
***
0.006
***
0.005
***
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.001
Number of inactive days
1.012
***
1.018
***
1.010
***
0.003
***
0.004
***
0.003
***
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Suffer from chronic disease
1.454
***
1.804
***
1.344
***
0.69
***
0.701
**
0.659
***
0.079
0.142
0.094
0.14
0.31
0.155
Free health card for children under 6 Yos
1.855
***
1.944
*
1.770
***
0.125
-2.094
*
0.578
0.160
0.351
0.177
0.343
1.08
0.375
Health insurance/ Free health card for the poor
1.650
***
1.912
***
1.632
***
0.294
*
0.132
0.333
*
0.084
0.206
0.092
0.162
0.287
0.194
Complusory health insurance
2.171
***
2.980
***
1.866
***
0.374
**
0.504
*
0.301
*
0.086
0.163
0.104
0.148
0.265
0.164
Vulneraty health insurance
1.575
***
1.846
***
1.426
***
0.343
*
0.247
0.393
**
0.082
0.165
0.096
0.177
0.348
0.199
Red River Delta
1.033
1.218
0.914
0.122
-0.164
0.176
0.100
0.176
0.124
0.203
0.342
0.247
North West
1.592
***
2.622
***
1.326
*
0.352
0.767
**
0.012
0.141
0.265
0.166
0.335
0.357
0.347
North Central Coast
1.102
1.449
*
1.040
0.217
-0.092
0.349
0.102
0.221
0.114
0.197
0.449
0.217
South Central Coast
1.550
***
1.380
*
1.623
***
0.084
-0.064
0.13
0.096
0.175
0.114
0.185
0.311
0.233
Central Highlands
0.875
0.951
0.778
*
0.152
-0.045
0.227
0.116
0.221
0.138
0.226
0.375
0.287
South East
0.650
***
0.681
**
0.687
***
0.443
**
0.284
0.549
**
0.106
0.177
0.133
0.199
0.369
0.237
Mekong River Delta
0.880
0.999
0.803
**
0.439
***
0.361
0.458
**
0.087
0.175
0.101
0.164
0.344
0.197
_cons
0.000
***
0.020
***
0.000
***
-2.743
***
0.407
-5.072
***
0.529
1.049
0.634
1.021
1.732
1.196