The objective of the thesis is to quantify the influence of factors on the components of management capacity of middle managers in tobacco businesses in Vietnam, based on which Recommendations to further improve the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco businesses in Vietnam in the near future.
1 INTRODUCTION The reason for choosing the topic The structure of the thesis Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is structured into chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical basis The tobacco industry is not a spearhead economic sector of Vietnam, but contributes to a huge budget Chapter 2: Overview and research model for Vietnam As a conditional business sector by the Tobacco Control Law, visual health warnings have a Chapter 3: Research methodology strong impact on consumers' psychology and behavior Up to now, Vietnam's tobacco industry, typically Chapter 4: Research results corporations (Vietnam Tobacco Corporation - Vinataba, Khanh Viet Corporation - Khatoco, Sai Gon Chapter 5: Discussion of research results and recommendations industrial corporation - CNS, Dong Nai Food Industry Corporation - Dofico) with a total of 122 companies stretching from the North to the South, including dependent companies, parent-child groups, member CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS companies, joint-stock companies, joint-venture companies, associate companies The four corporations have a total of 232 middle-level managers with an average age of 40 years Corporations have carried out the work 1.1 Middle managers in the enterprise of personnel planning annually according to regulations However, up to now, corporations have not yet 1.1.1 The concept of middle managers developed a title standard for managers The recruitment and appointment of managers is mainly based on Middle managers in the enterprise are the managers who perform management activities below the senior the criteria for general staff appointment specified in the staff appointment regulations, many of which are managers but above the grassroots administrators or the executive staff still qualitative Therefore, the management team of tobacco enterprises in general is still familiar with the 1.1.2 The role of middle managers in the enterprise management regime of subsidies, not really breaking through and integrating with the market mechanism Middle manager is an indispensable team for any enterprise Their important role manifests in the Therefore, the current problem is the management capacity of the middle management team of Vietnamese following aspects: the role of information transmission, decision-making role, advisory role , advising, tobacco enterprises at what level and can meet what percentage of the needs of globalization and management role, negotiating role international economic integration For the above reasons, the author has chosen the topic "Factors affecting 1.2 Management capacity of middle manager the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam" for my thesis 1.2.1 Concept of enterprise management capacity Objectives of the study 1.2.2 Concept of management capacity of middle manager The objective of the thesis is to quantify the influence of factors on the components of management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam, on that basis, recommendations are made to further improve the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam in the coming time Object and scope of the study 3.1 Research objects: The object of the thesis is the factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco businesses in Vietnam 3.2 Research scopes - About content: In the scope of this thesis, the author only limits research to the level of management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam - About space: studying corporations operating in the field of tobacco in Vietnam (Vinataba, Khatoco, CNS, Dofico) - About time: Secondary data was collected until June 30, 2019, primary data was collected from October 2018 to May 2019 and the proposed solution was to 2025 The management capacity of the middle manager is the combination of the characteristics, knowledge and behavior of the middle manager individual in coordination practice, establishing the relationship of the resources of the responsive business and ensure the business activities to meet the requirements set out in the present, paving the way for the future operation of the business 1.2.3 Framework of management capacity of middle manager 1.2.4 Factors constituting the management capacity of middle managers in enterprises 1.2.4.1 Management quality (BE) Management qualities are the specific personal characteristics needed that can attract, influence, make others listen and follow In other words, these are the personal qualities of a manager, in order to distinguish one manager from another Individual qualities can be positive or negative 1.2.4.2 Management knowledge (KNOW) Management knowledge is the scientific knowledge and understanding of managers in order to serve the management and administration of enterprises that they study or accumulate in the process of enterprise management For middle managers, they need to have the following management knowledge: knowledge about the business lines of the business they are managing, knowledge about business strategy management, Research methods knowledge about human resource management, knowledge of financial and accounting management, The thesis uses a combination of two research methods: qualitative research methods and quantitative knowledge of production and business management, knowledge of technology management, knowledge of research methods marketing management New contributions of the thesis 1.2.4.3 Management actions (DO) 2.1.3 The researches on the factors affecting the management capacity of business management team Management actions are what middle managers in specific management situations (actions that When studying the factors affecting the management capacity of the management team in managers often perform in certain situations, even forming a management style) These management actions enterprises, there are many domestic and foreign researches such as: Kontoghiorghes, C and Neophytou, A are concretized by the main actions of any manager in the enterprise: modeling for subordinates, accepting (2011); Abigail Redic et al (2014), Das,V.T and Amala,G (2016), Do Anh Duc (2015), Luu Ngoc Hoat challenges, creating shared visions, developing employees, blood transfusion (2015), Truong Hong Vo Tuan Kiet and Lam Huon (2015), Le Thi Phuong Thao (2016) 1.3 Factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers in enterprises 2.2 Research models 1.3.1 Group of factors inside the enterprises 2.2.1 Research gaps An overview of domestic and foreign researches shows that there have been many researches on the - The middle managers themselves are the factors within the enterprise, which are crucial for the formation management capacity of senior or middle managers in enterprises The author focuses my research on the and career development of each administrator It is noticeable that personal factors directly affect the factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco businesses in Vietnam in order to formation and development of management capacity of middle managers in enterprises Factors that belong study a part of the gaps in previous studies to middle managers themselves include: Health, age, qualifications, work experience, qualities, innate 2.2.2 Proposal of research model talents, family traditions… - Factors that belong to the characteristics of the enterprise: size of the enterprise, type of business, its operations, organizational structure of the enterprise … - Factors from senior managers and subordinates - Cultural environment in the enterpise - Mechanisms and policies of the enterprise AFFECTING FACTORS MANAGEMENTCAPACITY 1.3.2 Group of factors outside the enterpise Middle managers themselves Economic environment; political and legal environment; cultural and social environment; scientific, technical and technological environment; competition in the market Mechanisms and policies of the enterprise H1 H2 Management quality H3 CHAPTER OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH MODEL 2.1 Research overview 2.1.1 The researches on the components of enterprise management capacity The topic "Enterprise management capacity" is a topic that has been studied a lot in the world, in which many related issues have been discussed and agreed However, there are still many different Management knowledge Directional decision of senior managers H4 Competence of subordinates Management actions H5 Competition in the market perceptions about management capacity as well as elements of enterprise management capacity depending on the views of each author In order to focus on the research content of the thesis, the author has Figure 2.3 Research model of the thesis researched domestic and foreign studies related to the components of enterprise management capacity such as: Richard E.Boyatzis (1982), Kerstin Keen (2000), Tran Thi Van Hoa (2009), Le Quan (2011), Le Quan and Nguyen Quoc Khanh (2012), Do Anh Duc (2015) 2.1.2 The researches on management capacity of middle managers in enterprises There have been many researches on management teams in the enterprise, most of which are focused Source: Author's proposal 2.2.3 Research hypotheses CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 The research process of the thesis on senior managers with very few studies paying attention to the role of middle managers in the enterprise The research process of the thesis consists of steps as follows: However, when researching the middle managers in enterprises, the authors' research include: Floyd, S.W Step1: Determining research objectives: the main research objective of the model is to measure the influence and Wooldridge, B (1990, 1992, 1997), Xu Hong-Hua and Wang Yan-Hua (2009), Cavazotte F., Moreno V., of factors on the management capacity of middle managers of tobacco enterprises in Vietnam Hickmann M (2012), Tran Thi Van Hoa (2009), Do Vu Phuong Anh (2016), Doan Xuan Hau (2016) 5 Step2: Overview of research on enterprise management capacity, factors affecting enterprise management capacity, management capacity of middle managers in enterprises Step 3: Building a theoretical framework on: Factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers 3.4.1.2 Selecting the survey sample 3.4.1.3 Testing scales and the components of management capacity of middle managers The scale test was performed by Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient analysis method and Exploratory Step 4: Building and adjusting the scales Factor Analysis (EFA) to screen and remove observed variables that did not meet the standard, also known Step5: Preliminary quantitative research to assess scales with small sample sizes as is turning garbage Step6: Official quantitative research: conducted through testing scales and hypotheses using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), checking the appropriateness of the research model using SEM tool and Test estimation model by Bootstrap method 3.4.1.4 Testing the suitability of the model After performing Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis Step7: Discussing the results of the study, and then recommend recommendations to improve the (EFA), the model continued to be tested by CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) to verify the conformity of management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam measurement model with market data 3.2 Data sources and data collection methods 3.4.2 Official quantitative research 3.3 Qualitative research methods 3.3.1 The expert method The expert method is used by the author to build and adjust the draft scales for the independent and dependent variables of the model from which to build the official scale for quantitative research 3.3.2 The individual interview method From the results of testing the model's suitability with market data through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the official quantitative research process was conducted by the author through the process of testing the influence of five factors on the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam The method used by the author in the official quantitative research is analysis of linear structure model (SEM) The objective of the individual interview method is to adjust the content of the draft scale designed CHAPTER RESEARCH RESULTS from the results of the above-mentioned expert method to complete the official scale used for quantitative research 3.4 Quantitative research method Quantitative research methods are used to quantify the relationship between variables in the research model and test the research hypotheses obtained from theory through the use of statistical analysis tools The quantitative research process is divided into phases: preliminary quantitative research and official quantitative research 3.4.1 Preliminary quantitative research The author conducted a preliminary quantitative study to check the reliability of the scales, thereby eliminating the inappropriate observable variables (if any) from which to build a complete system of scales 4.1 Research results of current management capacity of middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam 4.1.1 Overview of middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam Up to the present time, Vietnam's tobacco industry has a total of 232 middle managers with the following characteristics: age, gender, education level, seniority and management experience 4.1.2 Situation management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam 4.1.2.1 Management quality (Be) All positive management qualities are assessed at a good score from 3.24 points to 3.67 points In for official quantitative research The preliminary quantitative research process is as follows: which the quality of "Sensitive to business opportunities in the market" of middle managers is assessed with 3.4.1.1 Designing the survey questionnaire the highest score of 3.67 points For the negative qualities, all the survey subjects rated at a level lower than the average positive qualities below 3.0 points 4.1.2.2 Management knowledge (Know) Management knowledge of middle managers of Vietnamese tobacco enterprises is not good, the lack of some management knowledge of this team has caused them to have no accurate understanding of the nature of management activities as well as effective management decisions This directly affects the business performance of the business 4.1.2.3 Management action (Do) Management actions of middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam have not created the absolute consensus of the staff and employees in the enterprise The lack of attention to employee development should partly affect the performance of the enterprise 7 4.1.3 General assessment of middle managers and management capacity of middlel managers at tobacco 0.6 This proves that the factor analysis results to group the enterprises in Vietnam variables together to ensure reliability 4.1.3.1 General assessment of middle managers 4.1.3.2 General assessment of management capacity of middle managers With the survey results in typical tobacco enterprises in Vietnam, it shows that the middle managers at these enterprises fully converges on the level of professional knowledge and capacity to be able to manage - The coefficient of total variance of 05 factors is 75,379, showing the variation of factors given by the analysis can explain 75.379% of the variation of the original survey data The value of variance is greater than 50%, so it also guarantees the analysis required - Eigenvalues factor of the fifth factor is 1,088> 1, proving that the data obtained has good subordinates and with the CEO team to steer the boat of their enterprises to success convergence, confirming that there are 05 factors drawn from the analysis 4.2 Research results on factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers at tobacco c Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) enterprises in Vietnam 4.2.1 Results of survey screening As presented in the research method, with objects to be investigated are senior managers, middle managers, low level managers and staff; The author conducted a survey of 713 people and collected 687 questionnaires and then filtered out 668 valid surveys 4.2.2 Results of sample analysis The results of CFA analysis of the criteria to measure the suitability of the model shown in Figure 4.1 show: Chi-square / df value = 1,474 < 3, TLI = 0.987 > 0.9, CFI = 0.991 > 0.9, NFI = 0.973 > 0.9, GFI = 0.982 > 0.9, RMSEA coefficient = 0.027 < 0.08; These values show the model is consistent with market data Moreover, the P-value results of the observed variables representing all factors have a value of 0.000, the standardized weights of the scales are high (> 0.5) so the observed variables are confirms the ability to perform well for the factor in CFA model and high convergence scales The data obtained from 668 questionnaires was used to conduct analysis to answer the research questions raised After performing the data cleaning and processing of primary data through Excel software, 4.2.3.2 Testing the scale of the components of management capacity of middle managers the final data is entered into SPSS 25.0 software data to conduct analysis and evaluation a Analysis of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients 4.2.3 Results of testing scales The results of the data analysis show that the scales measuring the components of the management capacity of middle managers including: management qualities, management knowledge, management actions all have 4.2.3.1 Testing the scale of factors affecting management capacity of middle managers a Analysis of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient reaches a high above 0.6 (the "management quality" scale with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient = 0.884, the ”Management knowledge” scale with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient = 0.913, the ”management action” scale with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient = 0.886), therefore the data is guaranteed Competence of subordinates reliability Moreover, the correlation coefficient of the total variables of all observed variables with the factor The results of data analysis show that: the scales for measuring the groups of factors affecting the that these variables represent is greater than 0.3 Therefore, the scales are concluded to ensure reliability management capacity of middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam include: middle managers Observed variables and factors are retained for further analysis themselves, mechanisms and policies of the enterprise, directional decision of senior managers, competence b Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of subordinates, competition in the market have Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reaching a high level of 0.6 (In particular, the scale of the factor "Middle managers themselves" has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient = 0.847; - Bartlett's test results show that: among the variables are correlated with each other (Sig = the scale of the factor “Mechanisms and policies of the enterprise” has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient = 0.804; 0.000 0.6 proves the results of factor analysis to group the the scale of the factor “Directional decision of senior managers” has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient = 0.866; variables together is the reliability guarantee the scale of the factor “Competence of subordinates” has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient = 0.765; the scale of - The coefficient of variance of 03 factors is 56,797, showing the variation of factors given by the the factor “Competition in the market” has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient = 0.704) This shows that the survey analysis can explain 56.797% of the variation of the original survey data The value of variance is greater data is completely reliable Moreover, the correlation coefficient of the total variables of all observed than 50%, so it also guarantees the analysis required variables with the factor that these variables represent is greater than 0.3 This shows that the respondents have the concept of the factor group given according to the observed variables expressing that factor, so the scale is built based on the appropriate observed variables Therefore, the scales are concluded to ensure reliability Observed variables and factors are retained for further analysis b Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) - Eigenvalues factor of the third factor is 2.993 > 1, proving that the data obtained has a good convergence, confirming that there are 03 factors drawn from the analysis c Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) The CFA analysis results of the measurement criteria of the model shown in Figure 4.2 show that Chi-square / df value = 2.285 < 3, TLI = 0.965 > 0.9, CFI = 0.969 > 0.9, NFI = 0.947 > 0.9, GFI = 0.948 > 0.9, RMSEA - Bartlett’s test results show that among the variables is correlated with each other (Sig = 0.000 coefficient = 0.044 < 0.08 These values show the model is consistent with market data This result shows 10 that the observed variables representing three scales expressing management capacity including management qualities, management knowledge, management actions are suitable to represent these scales 4.2.4 Model test results and research hypotheses through analysis of linear structure model (SEM)) The results of testing linear structure model (SEM) on factors affecting management capacity of middle CHAPTER DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Discussion of research results In order to measure the influence of factors on the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam, the thesis has proposed factors The data processing results show that all five factors positively affect the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam, managers are as follows: including: the factor "Middle managers themselves" with coefficient is 0.306, the factor "Mechanisms and Table 4.14 The results of testing the influence of factors to middle management capacity Regression coefficient S.E C.R P policies of the enterprise" with coefficient is 0.248, the factor "Directional decision of senior managers" with coefficient is 0.239, the factor "Competence of subordinates" with coefficient is 0.181, the factor "Competition in the market" with coefficient is 0.091 NL_QL < - BT_QL 0.306 0.019 16.024 *** NL_QL < - CC_CS 0.248 0.018 13.450 *** NL_QL < - QT_CC 0.239 0.014 17.024 *** NL_QL < - NV_CD 0.181 0.019 9.565 *** NL_QL < - CT_TT 0.091 0.021 4.297 *** 5.2 Recommendations 5.2.1 Management quality (BE) To improve the management capacity of middle managers for tobacco enterprises in Vietnam based on management qualities, they need to be focused on: Firstly, middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam on the one hand must train to further Source: Data analysis results The results of testing the linear structure model of factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers are shown in Figure 4.3 and Table 4.14 show that: CMIN / DF = 1,725; GFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.964; CFI = 0.968 and RMSEA = 0.033, so the model is suitable for market data The analysis results of the research hypotheses also showed that the affecting factors are statistically significant (with P-values < 0.05) on middle management capacity Therefore, the regression equation is written as follows: NLQL = 0.306* BTQL + 0.248*CCCS + 0.239*QTCC + 0.181* NVCD+ 0.091* CTTT promote their positive qualities such as: flexibility and sensitivity to business opportunities, risk-taking wisdom, ability to manage, ambition, vision, and determination in all difficult and complex situations, always seeking Solutions to problems, always being open to ideas, always willing to listen to employees' contributions and testing new ideas, having a high sense of responsibility at work, attaching importance to initiatives of subordinates Secondly, besides training and promoting the qualities of an ordinary manager, the middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam must also find the missing and weak personal qualities to thereby perfecting and improving the inherent personal qualities On the other hand, it is necessary to learn about new qualities in the world that are suitable for the characteristics of the tobacco industry and the changing environment of business activities This result shows that middle management capacity is most affected by the factor "Middle managers themselves" with coefficient is 0.306, followed by the factor "Mechanisms and policies of the enterprise" Thirdly, middle managers themselves in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam must always be aware of the with coefficient is 0.248, then the influence of the factor "Directional decision of senior managers" with importance of learning and training to form new personal qualities that are appropriate for market coefficient is 0.239, the factor "Competence of subordinates" has a lower influence on the factor of 0.181, fluctuations and trends of the times Middle managers can learn through people around, through books, the lowest influencing factor is "Competition in the market" with a coefficient is 0.091 participate in behavioral design programs, knowledge refresher course for middle managers, self-test with quality exercises on online websites 4.2.5 Bootstrap test results on factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers This Boostrap test is used to check the reliability of the estimated coefficients in the model This study uses Boostrap method with the number of repeating samples is B = 1000 Hypothesis H0: Bias = 0, H1: Bias ≠ The results show that the coefficients in the model not differ from the model determined with the sample size 668 This shows that the model is still true with the sample size of 1000 and the estimates in the model can be trusted Thus, the hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 are accepted with high confidence In other words, all factors influence the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam 5.2.2 Management knowledge (KNOW) Middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam need to: Firstly, in order to equip the knowledge related to strategic management, the middle managers of tobacco enterprises in Vietnam can register and attend training courses, seminars, and seminars for middle managers such as strategic thinking, creative thinking, strategic management in the business, business planning 11 12 Secondly, in order to equip the knowledge related to change management, middle managers of CONCLUSION tobacco enterprises in Vietnam need to participate in training courses, seminars, and programs of consulting and training support organizations related to such issues as: Management of change in organization; Risk management; Leading change; Methods of managing change in an organization With the topic "Factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam", within the framework of the doctoral thesis in economics of business administration, the thesis has achieved results are as follows: Thirdly, besides participating in theoretical training courses, seminars to equip the lack of management knowledge, middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam are also to add new knowledge about management through practice such as visiting, surveying and learning management experience in enterprises of the same tobacco industry or other industries that have been successful in Vietnam as well as in the world like the experience of big companies in Japan (Toyota, Nissan, Honda) 5.2.3 Management action (DO) Firstly, the thesis has clarified the concept of middle management capacity in enterprises, built a "management capacity framework" for middle management team according to BKD model At the same time, identifying the factors affecting the management capacity of middle managers in the enterprise include: middle managers themselves, mechanisms and policies of the enterprise, directional decision of senior managers, competence of subordinates, competition in the market Secondly, through surveys of middle managers and other related subjects(senior management, lowlevel managers, employees) at typical tobacco enterprises in Vietnam (Vinataba, Khatoco, CNS, Dofico), In order to improve the management capacity of middle managers for tobacco enterprises in Vietnam based on management action, they should be focused: Firstly, in order to raise the action of "Staff development", middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam must raise awareness of their role in staff development activities; devote appropriate time and resources to investment in this activity by attending training courses, seminars, exchanges and joining the thesis has analyzed and assessed the current situation of the level of responsiveness in the current management capacity of middle managers in these enterprises in the following aspects: management qualities (Be), management knowledge (Know) and management action (Do) Thirdly, the thesis also quantifies the influence of factors on middle management capacity in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam associations For example, participating in the program "The secret of creating a fire to motivate employees" Fourthly, based on the analysis of the current management capacity of middle managers in typical of the Vietnam-Japan Human Resources Cooperation Center (VJCC); or the training program "Human tobacco enterprises in Vietnam and the results of measuring the level of the influence of factors on the management", "Creating motivation for employees" of PACE business school… middle management capacity at these businesses, the thesis has proposed some recommendations to Secondly, in order to develop the action of "Staff development", middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam also need to be aware of building and setting perspectives and visions of what will your business contribute to the tobacco industry in Vietnam and what will the tobacco industry contribute to the country , thereby transforming your vision for subordinates so that they must strive to develop Thirdly, besides participating in training courses, seminars and seminars to enhance the "Staff development" action, middle managers at tobacco enterprises in Vietnam also have can learn, refer to learning more experiences, models of staff development in the world such as in Japan, Korea and China Especially the experience of big Japanese companies such as Toyota, Nissan or Honda has pioneered the implementation of employee development strategy, which is to use the "autonomous development model" of Professor Mitsuyo Hanada 5.2.4 Developing a "Management Capacity Framework" for middle managers of tobacco enterprises in Vietnam 5.3 Limitations of the research and subsequent research directions improve the management capacity for middle managers at these tobacco enterprises according to constituent elements However, during the research process, the thesis also cannot avoid shortcomings The author is looking forward to the comments and corrections so that the author can continue to improve and draw experience for future studies ... by the author through the process of testing the influence of five factors on the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam The method used by the author in the official... Discussion of research results In order to measure the influence of factors on the management capacity of middle managers in tobacco enterprises in Vietnam, the thesis has proposed factors The data... studying the factors affecting the management capacity of the management team in managers often perform in certain situations, even forming a management style) These management actions enterprises,