Adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric in Yavatmal district, India

The present study was conducted in Yavatmal district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in the year 2017 with 100 turmeric growers as respondents. An exploratory research design of social research was used for investigation. After analysis it was observed that relatively higher per cent of respondents (49.00%) had medium level of adoption. The results of correlation revealed that, the characteristics of the respondents viz., education, training received, farming experience, land holding, annual income, area under turmeric cultivation, social participation, extension contact, sources of information, market orientation, and innovativeness had positively and significantly correlated at 0.01 per cent level of probability with adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric, whereas, age and risk preference did not show any relation with adoption. By and large turmeric growers were highly motivated to cultivate turmeric crop due to as it is a cash crop, high profitability, possibility of intercropping, attractive price and soil suitable for turmeric cultivation.

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.079 Adoption of Improved Cultivation Practices of Turmeric in Yavatmal District, India Maya A Kankate1, V.S Tekale2 and Pranali N Thakare2* Extension Education Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.S.) 440001, India Department of Extension Education, Dr PDKV, Akola (M.S.) 444104, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Adoption, Turmeric grower, Improved cultivation practices Article Info Accepted: 07 November 2018 Available Online: 10 December 2018 The present study was conducted in Yavatmal district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in the year 2017 with 100 turmeric growers as respondents An exploratory research design of social research was used for investigation After analysis it was observed that relatively higher per cent of respondents (49.00%) had medium level of adoption The results of correlation revealed that, the characteristics of the respondents viz., education, training received, farming experience, land holding, annual income, area under turmeric cultivation, social participation, extension contact, sources of information, market orientation, and innovativeness had positively and significantly correlated at 0.01 per cent level of probability with adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric, whereas, age and risk preference did not show any relation with adoption By and large turmeric growers were highly motivated to cultivate turmeric crop due to as it is a cash crop, high profitability, possibility of intercropping, attractive price and soil suitable for turmeric cultivation Introduction species are naturalized in North Eastern regions of India and Java Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a herbaceous perennial plant growing up to the height of 60 – 90 cm with short stem and native South Asia particularly India The plant is propagated by rhizomes Turmeric is one of the most important and ancient spice of India and a traditional crop having very good commercial value for spice oils and oleoresins It is used daily extensively by all classes of people in the preparation of tasty curried dishes A few India is the leading producer, consumer and exporter of turmeric in the world According to the Third Advance Estimates of Spice Board and Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, in India turmeric is cultivated in an area of 1.85 lakh with a production of 9.57 lakh tonnes during 20152016 (Anonymous, 2016) In the Maharashtra about 8200 of cultivation area under 640 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 turmeric crop The district growing turmeric in Maharashtra are mainly Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Hingoli, Parbhani, Nanded and some part of Vidarbha region Yavatmal district is surrounded by Andhra Pradesh state and Nanded district to South and Hingoli district to West As Andhra Pradesh is major turmeric growing state and Nanded, Parbhani and Hingoli are major turmeric growing districts in Maharashtra The people from Yavatmal district have changed their attitude towards the production of turmeric The total area under turmeric in Yavatmal district in the year 2014-2015 was 933.90 (Anonymous, 2014) Keeping in view this aspect present study was under taken Materials and Methods The investigation was carried out in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra state For the study of adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric, exploratory research design was used In Yavatmal district there are 16 tahsil out of these, two tahsil namely, Umarkhed and Mahagaon were selected From each of the selected tahsil, villages were selected on the basis of maximum area under turmeric cultivation, from each selected village 10 farmers were selected randomly Thus, from two selected tahsil 10 villages were selected and from these village total 100 turmeric growers were selected and considered as sample in present study The data were collected with the help of schedule developed by interviewing the respondents Results and Discussion It is revealed from Table that, majority of the respondents (55.00%) were belonged to middle age (36 to 50 years), relatively higher proportion of the respondents (42.00%) were educated up to high school level, great majority of the respondents had low level of training (68.00%), whereas 68.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of farming experience, more than half of the respondents (53.00%) from study area belonged to medium size of land holding (4.01 to 10.00 ha), majority of the respondents (54.00%) had high annual income (above Rs 2,00,000), further 68.00 per cent had medium area under turmeric cultivation, majority of the respondents (55.00%) were belonged to medium category of social participation, more than half of the respondents (53.00%) were belonged to medium level of extension contact, majority of respondents (52.00%) were using medium sources of information and also 56.00 per cent belonged to medium risk preference category, great majority of respondents (67.00%) had medium level of market orientation and medium level of innovativeness (55.00%) These results were similar with the findings of Naik (2012), Bhagat (2015), Tekale (2015) and Katole (2016) The data regarding practice wise adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric by turmeric growers were presented in Table 2, it was revealed that, majority of respondents completely adopted improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz harvesting of turmeric by digging (90.00%), harvesting of turmeric after yellowing of leaves followed by drying @50 per cent (75.00%), varieties (61.00%), soil type for cultivation of turmeric (60.00%), preparatory tillage practice like ploughing followed by clod crushing and harrowing (60.00%) and method of sowing (50.00%) Less than half of the respondents were completely adopted improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz time of sowing (47.00%), irrigation (45.00%), and seed rate (42.00%), intercultural operation like hoeing should be done eight days after spraying (40.00%), use of plant protection measure like control of pest viz rhizome fly and scales (35.00%), spacing (30.00%), intercultural 641 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 operation like earthing up (30.00%), and crop duration (25.00%), respectively per cent (25.00%) and harvesting of turmeric by digging (10.00%), respectively It was found that majority of the respondents had not adopted the improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz plant protection measure like control of leaf spot disease (71.00%) followed by intercultural operation like weed management (50.00%) Less than half of respondents had not adopted the improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz intercultural operation like hoeing should be done days after spraying (48.00%) and preparatory tillage practice like addition of well decomposed FYM (40.00%), respectively Majority of respondents were partially adopted improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz spacing (60.00%), fertilizer management (50.00%) and crop duration (50.00%) Less than half of respondents were partially adopted improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz intercultural operation like earthing up (47.00%), preparatory tillage practice like addition of well decomposed FYM (45.00%), sowing time (40.00%), plant protection measures like control of pests viz., rhizome fly and scales (40.00%), method of sowing (33.00%), soil type (30.00%), preparatory tillage like ploughing is followed by clod crushing and harrowing (30.00%), intercultural operation like weed management (30.00%), irrigation (25.00%) and harvesting of turmeric after yellowing of leaves followed by drying @50 It was observed from Table that, nearly half of the respondents (49.00%) had medium level of adoption followed by 30.00 per cent and 21.00 per cent of the respondents were in high and low level of adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric Table.1 Profile of Turmeric grower (N=100) Characters (N=100) Age Young (up to 35 years) Middle (36 to 50 years) Old (above 50 years) Education Illiterate Primary school Middle school High school Higher secondary school/Junior college Diploma/Technical education Under graduate degree Post graduate degree Training received No training (0) Low (up to 1) Medium (02) High (03 and above) Farming experience 642 Frequency Percentage 25 55 20 25.00 55.00 20.00 03 09 15 42 16 02 10 03 03.00 09.00 15.00 42.00 16.00 02.00 10.00 03.00 17 68 13 02 17.00 68.00 13.00 02.00 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 Low (up to) Medium (10 to 25 years) High (above 25 years) Land holding Marginal Small Semi-medium Medium Large Annual income Up to Rs 50,000/Rs 50,001 to 1,00,000/Rs 1,00,001 to 1,50,000/Rs 1,50,001 to 2,00,000/Above Rs 2,00,000/Area under turmeric cultivation (ha.) Small Medium Large Social participation Low Medium High Extension contact Low Medium High Source of information Low Medium High Risk preference Low Medium High Market orientation Low Medium High Innovativeness Low Medium High 643 15 68 17 15.00 68.00 17.00 03 14 25 53 05 03.00 14.00 25.00 53.00 05.00 02 15 16 13 54 02.00 15.00 16.00 13.00 54.00 22 68 10 22.00 68.00 10.00 27 55 18 27.00 55.00 18.00 25 53 22 25.00 53.00 22.00 26 52 22 26.00 52.00 22.00 26 56 17 26.00 56.00 17.00 13 67 20 13.00 67.00 20.00 18 55 27 18.00 55.00 27.00 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 Table.2 Distribution of the respondents according to their practice wise adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric Sr No Improved practices Soil type Well drained, crumby, fertile, medium type soil Sowing time May – June Method of sowing Ridges and Furrow (Rhizome) or Broad Bed Furrow Seed rate 2250 to 2500 Kg rhizome/ha Preparatory tillage Ploughing is followed by clod crushing and harrowing Add well decomposed FYM @ 40 to 50 cartload/ha Variety PDKV-Waigaon, Selam, PhuleSwarupa, Krushna, Rajapuri Spacing 30 - 40 cm row to row and 22.5 to 30 cm plant to plant` rhizome Fertilizer management 200:100:100 NPK kg/ha ½ dose of N - after 30 days of emergence and remaining ½ dose of N - after 45 days of 1st dose Irrigation Irrigation should be done to 10 days of interval as per the soil and crop requirement Intercultural operation For weed management, spraying of Pendamethaline 1.5 kg a.i per 2-3 DAS should be done Hoeing should be done days after spraying 10 11 Earthing up should be done to each crop under 90 days after sowing Plant protection measure 1.For control of rhizome fly and scales, use of 644 Respondent (n=100) CA PA NA Freq Freq Freq (%) (%) (%) 60 30 10 (60.00) (30.00) (10.00) 47 40 13 (47.00) (40.00) (13.00) 50 33 17 (50.00) (33.00) (17.00) 42 (42.00) 60 (60.00) 27 (27.00) 30 (30.00) 31 (31.00) 10 (10.00) 15 (15.00) 61 (61.00) 45 (45.00) 12 (12.00) 40 (40.00) 27 (27.00) 30 (30.00) 60 (60.00) 10 (10.00) 25 (25.00) 50 (50.00) 25 (25.00) 45 (45.00) 25 (25.00) 30 (30.00) 20 (20.00) 30 (30.00) 50 (50.00) 40 (40.00) 30 (30.00) 35 (35.00) 12 (12.00) 47 (47.00) 40 (40.00) 48 (48.00) 23 (23.00) 25 (25.00) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 12 13 disease free rhizomes For control of leaf spot disease, spraying of Copper oxychloride25 gm in 10 lit of water Crop duration For turmeric, average time required is about 210 to 270 days Harvesting Yellowing of leaves followed by drying @50% is the major indication of harvesting stage of turmeric Harvesting is done by digging 12 (12.00) 25 (25.00) 17 (17.00) 50 (50.00) 71 (71.00) 25 (25.00) 75 (75.00) 25 (25.00) 00 (00.00) 90 (90.00) 10 (10.00) 00 (00.00) CA - Complete adoption PA - Partial adoption NA - None adoption Table.3 Distribution of respondents according to their overall adoption Sr No Adoption index Respondents (n =100) Frequency Percentage 21 21.00 49 49.00 30 30.00 100 100.00 Low Medium High Total Table.4 Relationship between the characteristics of the respondents with their adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric Sr No 10 11 12 13 “r” values Characteristics 0.0961NS 0.5127** 0.2743** 0.3453** 0.2932** 0.3417** 0.4721** 0.4014** 0.3765** 0.3690** 0.1354 NS 0.3545** 0.4084** Age Education Training received Farming experience Land holding Annual income Area under turmeric cultivation Social participation Extension contact Source of information Risk preference Market orientation Innovativeness ** Significant at 0.01 level of probability, NS- Non significant 645 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 Table.5 Distribution of respondent according to factor motivating the turmeric grower for turmeric cultivation Sr No Factors Good storage facility Possibility of inter-cropping Cash crop Profitability Attractive price Soil suitability Adequate water Easy marketability Long term crop 10 Easy loan facility High Freq (%) 02 (02.00) 71 (71.00) 79 (79.00) 73 (73.00) 63 (63.00) 55 (55.00) 41 (41.00) 17 (17.00) 40 (40.00) 20 (20.00) It could be inferred from the above findings that nearly half of the respondents had medium level of adoption and 30.00 per cent of respondents had high adoption of improved turmeric cultivation practices These findings are similar to finding of Patel et al., (2012), Ovhar (2013) and Barman et al., (2015) Motivation Medium Freq (%) 03 (03.00) 25 (25.00) 19 (19.00) 17 (17.00) 25 (25.00) 33 (33.00) 36 (36.00) 25 (25.00) 34 (34.00) 24 (24.00) Low Freq (%) 95 (95.00) 04 (04.00) 02 (02.00) 10 (10.00) 12 (12.00) 12 (12.00) 23 (23.00) 68 (68.00) 26 (26.00) 56 (56.00) non-significantly correlated with the adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric The correlation analysis of age and risk preference were not shown any relation with the adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric grower Factors motivating turmeric grower for turmeric cultivation It could be seen from Table that, the characteristics, education, training received, farming experience, land holding, annual income, area under turmeric cultivation, social participation, extension contact, source of information, market orientation and innovativeness were positively and significantly correlated at 0.01 per cent level probability with adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric Whereas age and risk preference were The data in Table revealed that, majority of turmeric growers (79.00%) were highly motivated to cultivate turmeric crop as it is a cash crop, followed by 73.00 per cent respondents were motivated due to its profitable crop, possibility of intercropping (71.00%), attractive price (63.00%) and soil suitability (55.00%) The less than half of the respondents 646 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 640-647 were highly motivated for cultivation of turmeric due to adequate water (41.00%), long term crop (40.00%), easy loan facility (20.00) and easy marketability (17.00%), respectively References Anonymous, 2014 Annual Report of District Superintendent Agriculture Office, Yavatmal Anonymous, 2016 www.mahaagri.govt.in15 July, 2016 Barman Sundar, Manjit Sonowal and Ananta Saikia 2015 Adoption of improved bhut jolokia (Capsicum chinense) cultivation practices by farmers of the upper Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam Indian Res J Ext Edu.15 (1):20-24 Bhagat M C., 2015 Adoption gap in vegetable production practices M.Sc (Agri.) Thesis (Unpub.), Dr PDKV, Akola Jayanthi, M and A Vaideke 2015 A Study on cultivation practices of turmeric farmers in Erode district Indian J Applied Res Vol (5): 21-24 Katole, R.T., S.K., Bansod, G.B., More and U.S Kulkarni 2016 Knowledge and adoption of integrated pest management practices by the brinjal growers Agric Update 11(4):390-393 Naik, V.R., 2012 A Study on knowledge and adoption of recommended cultivation practices of onion by farmers M.Sc (Agri.) Thesis (Unpub.), University of Agric Sci., Dharwad Ovhar, N.D 2013 Adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric by the farmers M.Sc (Agri.) Thesis (Unpub.), Dr PDKV, Akola Patel, B M., J K.,Patel, D K., Badhe and Krunal D Gulkari, 2012 Adoption of recommended potato production technology by potato growers Adv Res J Crop Improv Vol (3): 44-46 Tekale, V.S., 2015 Entrepreneurial behavior of vegetable grower Research Review Committee Report, Dept of Extn Educ., Dr PDKV, Akola: 153-171 The high proportion of the respondents were medium motivate to cultivate turmeric crop namely, adequate water (36.00%), long term crop (34.00%), soil suitability (33.00%), attractive price (25.00%), possibility of intercropping (25.00%), easy marketability (25.00%), cash crop (19.00%) and profitability (17.00%), respectively By and large turmeric growers were highly motivated to cultivate turmeric crop due to it is a cash crop, high profitability, possibility of intercropping, attractive price and soil suitable for turmeric cultivation Following motivating factors viz cash crop, attractive price, soil suitability, adequate water and long term crop were similar with the findings of Jayanthi and Vaideke (2015) In conclusion, the findings of study indicated that relatively higher per cent of the respondents had medium level of adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric Hence independent variables were significantly related with their adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric The results revealed that turmeric grower had medium level of adoption hence, in order to achieve a higher level of adoption respondents are required to be fully aware about improved cultivation practices of turmeric The factors motivating to turmeric growers for cultivation of turmeric were it is a cash crop, profitable crop, possibility of intercropping, attractive price and soil suitability How to cite this article: Maya A Kankate, V.S Tekale and Pranali N Thakare 2018 Adoption of Improved Cultivation Practices of Turmeric in Yavatmal District, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 7(12): 640-647 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.079 647 ... adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric The correlation analysis of age and risk preference were not shown any relation with the adoption of improved cultivation practices of turmeric. .. findings of Jayanthi and Vaideke (2015) In conclusion, the findings of study indicated that relatively higher per cent of the respondents had medium level of adoption of improved cultivation practices. .. completely adopted improved cultivation practices of turmeric viz harvesting of turmeric by digging (90.00%), harvesting of turmeric after yellowing of leaves followed by drying @50 per cent (75.00%),