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(BQ) Part 1 book Lange Q & A surgical technology examination has contents: Medical terminology, pharmacology and anesthesia, blood values, aseptic technique, operating room environment, diagnostic procedures, medical, ethical, and legal responsibilities,... and other contents.
www.downloadslide.net www.downloadslide.net www.downloadslide.net Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-25-958611-8 MHID: 1-25-958611-1 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-25-958811-2, MHID: 1-25-958811-4 eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the 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publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise www.downloadslide.net Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Medical Terminology Answers and Explanations Microbiology Questions Answers and Explanations Pharmacology and Anesthesia Questions Answers and Explanations Blood Values Questions Answers and Explanations Aseptic Technique Questions Answers and Explanations Sterilization and Disinfection Questions Answers and Explanations Operating Room Environment Questions Answers and Explanations Transportation and Positioning Questions www.downloadslide.net Answers and Explanations Counts Questions Answers and Explanations 10 Specimens Questions Answers and Explanations 11 Medical, Ethical, and Legal Responsibilities Questions Answers and Explanations 12 Diagnostic Procedures Questions Answers and Explanations 13 Consents Questions Answers and Explanations 14 Skin Preparation and Draping Questions Answers and Explanations 15 Instruments Questions Answers and Explanations 16 Sutures, Stapling Devices, and Drains Questions Answers and Explanations 17 Wound Healing and Dressings Questions Answers and Explanations 18 General Surgery Questions Answers and Explanations 19 Obstetrics and Gynecology www.downloadslide.net Questions Answers and Explanations 20 Ophthalmology Questions Answers and Explanations 21 Otorhinolaryngology Questions Answers and Explanations 22 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Questions Answers and Explanations 23 Genitourinary Questions Answers and Explanations 24 Thoracic Questions Answers and Explanations 25 Cardiac Questions Answers and Explanations 26 Vascular Questions Answers and Explanations 27 Neurosurgery Questions Answers and Explanations 28 Orthopedics Questions Answers and Explanations 29 Pediatrics Questions Answers and Explanations www.downloadslide.net 30 Biomedical Science (Electricity, Hemostasis, Lasers, and Computers) Questions Answers and Explanations 31 Occupational Hazards/Fire Safety Questions Answers and Explanations 32 Endoscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery, and Robotics Questions Answers and Explanations Bibliography Index www.downloadslide.net Preface Lange Q&A: Surgical Technology Examination, Seventh Edition, has been designed to assist surgical technicians planning to take the National Certification Examination for Surgical Technologists Although unable to guarantee a perfect score, a study guide can provide a good deal of assistance in test preparation by enabling the student to review relevant material while becoming familiar with the type of questions that will be encountered on the examination The ever-growing body of knowledge necessary to prepare the surgical technologist for a professional role in the operating room requires that competency be measured by an examination that tests both constant and technologically up-to-date information With this in mind, the authors have prepared a seventh edition of the review book that has been extensively revised and updated to include those advances in technology that have emerged since the previous edition The book contains over 1,900 questions that closely correlate in percentage the amount prescribed in the Study Guide for Certification provided by the Liaison Council of the Association of Surgical Technologists The text is divided into 32 chapters Following each chapter are questions Each question has one answer and a full-length explanation, a difficulty in a single area indicates a need for individual study emphasis www.downloadslide.net Acknowledgments We would like to give special thanks to Mark Sherman and John Chmielewski for giving us their overwhelming support throughout the process of writing this review book We also would like to thank all students past, present, and future for giving us the inspiration to write this review book 10 www.downloadslide.net Questions Which of the following is a monofilament suture? (A) Prolene (B) Silk (C) Polyester (D) Vicryl The size of the suture is based on its diameter An example of a suture with the same diameter is a 2-0 silk and (A) 3-0 silk (B) 2-0 nylon (C) 4-0 silk (D) Both A and C Which term refers to the amount of force needed to break the suture? (A) Multifilament (B) An absorbable quality (C) Tensile (D) Nonabsorbable Which needle would be used on a liver resection? (A) Cutting (B) Tapered (C) Keith (D) Blunt Which suture needle is contraindicated for a repair of nerve tissue? (A) Taper (B) Cutting (C) Reverse cutting (D) Both B and C When using a skin gun, the staples go through which two layers? 304 www.downloadslide.net (A) The epidermis and the dermis (B) Cuticular and subcuticular (C) Subcuticular and muscle (D) Cuticular and muscle In an appendectomy, a purse string suture is used to: (A) tie off the appendix (B) invert the stump of the appendix (C) use to retract the appendiceal stump (D) All of the above A cutting needle would not be used on: (A) the skin (B) the bowel (C) the tendon sheath (D) the eye If the surgical technician in the scrub role receives a broken needle back from the surgeon, they should: (A) order an x-ray (B) report it to the circulator (C) remember to add to the final count (D) tell the surgeon immediately 10 All of the following are absorbable sutures EXCEPT: (A) polyglactin 910 (B) chromic (C) nylon (D) plain gut 11 What suture would be used on a coronary artery bypass and an aortic valve replacement? (A) Polypropylene (B) Silk (C) Dexon (D) Vicryl 12 Chromic and plain gut suture originate from: (A) sheep intestine (B) beef intestine (C) pig intestine 305 www.downloadslide.net (D) Both A and B 13 Which of the following sutures would commonly cause the least tissue reaction? (A) Chromic (B) Silk (C) Stainless steel (D) Vicryl 14 What term is used for a suture thread preattached to a needle? (A) Swaged (B) Tensile strength (C) French eye (D) Continuous 15 Retention sutures with bolsters would be used in what type of incision? (A) Pfannenstiel (B) Abdominal midline (C) Oblique (D) Transverse 16 What type of suture technique is used for a cosmetic closure? (A) Purse string (B) Detach (C) Retention (D) Subcuticular 17 A Keith needle is: (A) straight needle with a tapered point (B) straight needle with a cutting point (C) another name for a spatula needle (D) extremely large curved needle 18 The name given to suture material that is passed around a vessel or a duct for ligation is: (A) tie on a passer (B) control release (C) swaged needle (D) Ligareel 19 A strand of suture material attached to the top of an Adson clamp or a right angle is: 306 www.downloadslide.net (A) stick tie (B) Keith (C) tie on a passer (D) ligareel 20 The technique used to reduce suture memory is: (A) hold needle in one hand with thread in the other and lightly tug on suture strand (B) hold suture thread between gloved hands and lightly tug on thread (C) either of the above will work but you must stretch the suture until the memory is gone (D) none are acceptable techniques to reduce memory 21 The reason for using suture boots on a suture thread instead of just a clamp is: (A) the clamp is part of the count and should not be used (B) once you clamp the suture, it should not be removed until the end of the case (C) if you use a clamp on suture it will crimp suture altering the integrity of the suture (D) they are yellow and easy to identify 22 Another name for Polyglactin 910 is: (A) Vicryl (B) PDS (C) nylon (D) None of the above 23 Silk suture must be kept dry because moisture causes: (A) a crimp in the suture (B) contamination (C) decreases its tensile strength (D) hardness of the suture 24 Which information is included on each suture packet? (A) Lot # (B) Product code # (C) Suture length and color (D) All of the above 25 The type of needle commonly used for skin is: (A) reverse cutting (B) side cutting (C) tapered 307 www.downloadslide.net (D) hypo 26 Arterial needles used to guide angioplasty catheters over the guide wires include: (A) Potts (B) Cournand (C) Angio-Cath (D) Both A and B 27 The needle used to obtain tissue from the brain for specimen is: (A) Dorsey cannulated needle (B) Preaya needle (C) Spinal needle (D) Tru-cut biopsy needle 28 Who developed the principle of suture technique? (A) Pasteur (B) Lister (C) Halstead (D) Debakey 29 Suture techniques include all EXCEPT: (A) Keith (B) continuous running locking (C) interrupted (D) subcuticular suture 30 Retention sutures are: (A) used to retract tissue (B) used for tendon repair (C) it was originally used to tie off the umbilical cord of infants (D) large sutures, nonabsorbable, interrupted and placed through all layers to reinforce closure 31 All of the following pertain to drains EXCEPT: (A) they drain fluids and air from a wound (B) can be active (C) can be passive (D) are never removed from the patient 32 The drain commonly used after thyroid surgery is: 308 www.downloadslide.net (A) Hemovac (B) Jackson–Pratt (C) Stryker (D) All of the above 33 When loading the suture, the needle should be placed: (A) ⅓ the distance from the swaged end (B) ½ the distance from the swaged end (C) ¼ the distance from the swaged end (D) on the area of the needle that the swaged end attaches to the thread 34 The suture code RB on the package means: (A) renal artery bypass (B) retro bulbar (C) retinal blunt (D) reverse blunt 35 The suture code for the CTX needle is: (A) cardiac transplant (B) circle taper extra large (C) cutting (D) None of the above 36 Arterial needles used to guide angioplasty catheters over guide wires include: (A) Potts (B) Cournand (C) Dorsey (D) Both A and B 37 The biopsy needle commonly used on the liver is: (A) Chiba (B) Franklin–Silverman (C) Tru-cut (D) Both B and C 38 Suture techniques include: (A) continuous running (B) blanket stitch (C) sub cuticular 309 www.downloadslide.net (D) All of the above 39 Which of the following sutures are nonabsorbable, placed interrupted and placed through all layers of tissue for wound reinforcement: (A) traction (B) buried (C) bridges (D) retention 40 All apply to a Penrose drain EXCEPT: (A) it is a passive drain (B) it works by a wicking action (C) drains by capillary action (D) can be used for retraction 41 Where is a T-tube commonly placed for drainage purposes? (A) Cystic artery (B) Cystic duct (C) CBD (D) Hepatic artery 42 Active Drains include: (A) Stryker (B) Hemovac (C) gastrointestinal decompression (D) All of the above 43 Gastrointestinal decompression drainage tubes include: (A) Levin tube (stomach) (B) Miller–Abbott tube (intestines) (C) Salem Sump (Nasogastric suction) (D) All of the above 44 All apply to closed chest drainage system except: (A) This provides drainage of the pleural cavity and expansion of the lungs after surgery (B) You always want to maintain a positive pressure in the pleural space or the lungs will collapse (C) When it is not attached to suction the collection unit must be kept below the chest level of the patient because gravity will allow the fluid contents to go back into the plural space and collapse the lung 310 www.downloadslide.net (D) Chest tubes—they are clear plastic drains that are inserted into the chest cavity—the tubing from the Pleur-Evac is connected to the chest tube 45 All apply to the skin stapler except: (A) They are used to approximate skin edges (B) One staple is fired at a time (C) Adson forceps are used to invert the skin edges, the gun is lined up with the skin edges and the staple is released (D) Depending on the manufacturer the average gun hold from 28 to 36 staples 46 All are false in regards to linear staple guns except: (A) The GIA gun places two double rows of staggered staples and has a blade that ligates in between the staples and divides the tissue (B) This is commonly used to ligate small vessels, small tubular structures and example would be the omentum (C) Commonly used on tubular structures of the lower GI track, distal colon or rectum (D) Two clips are placed proximal and distal on a structure and can be cut with a blade or scissors to divide the structure 47 What are two basic types of abdominal/thoracic linear staple guns? (A) LDS and EEA Staple guns (B) Endoscopic Staplers and Hemoclip appliers (C) Skin Stapler (D) GIA and TA 48 LDS is the acronym for? (A) It is a ligating and dividing stapler device (B) Used for ligating ducts and small vessels (C) Lysis of duct structures (D) All of the above 49 In what type of surgical procedure are you most likely to use an EEA stapler device to create an end to end anastomosis? (A) Hysterectomy (B) Distal colon resection (C) Ovarian cystectomy (D) Hemorrhoidectomy 50 A CDC guideline that addresses the care of “sharps” includes all of the following EXCEPT: (A) needles should always be recapped 311 www.downloadslide.net (B) needles should not be bent or broken by hand (C) needles should not be removed from disposable syringes (D) needles should be discarded in puncture resistant containers for disposal 51 In a gastrointestinal closure, the mucosa of the intestinal tract is closed with: (A) chromic 4-0 or 3-0 (B) silk 4-0 or 3-0 (C) Dacron 3-0 or 2-0 (D) Novafil 3-0 or 2-0 52 Which type of suture would be used to invert the stump of an appendix? (A) Buried (B) Purse-string (C) Mattress (D) Tension 53 Why are bumpers or bolsters used on retention sutures? (A) To prevent the suture from cutting into the skin surface (B) To facilitate easy removal (C) To identify the order of suture removal (D) To prevent unequal tension on the wound edges 54 Which procedure would not require a pressure dressing? (A) Plastic surgery (B) Knee surgery (C) Radical mastectomy (D) Hysterectomy 55 A closed-wound suction system works by: (A) positive pressure (B) negative-pressure vacuum (C) air displacement (D) constant gravity drainage 56 Mersilene is a/an: (A) wire mesh (B) absorbable suture (C) nonabsorbable suture (D) synthetic mesh 312 www.downloadslide.net 57 All the following drains are considered active postoperative drains that are attached to an external force EXCEPT: (A) sump (B) chest (C) Penrose (D) Hemovac 58 A continuous suture placed beneath the epidermal layer of the skin in short lateral stitches is called a: (A) mattress suture (B) transfixion suture (C) retention suture (D) subcuticular suture 59 Which procedure is followed if the scrub is pricked with a needle? (A) Change glove only (B) Discard needle, change glove (C) Place new glove over old (D) Change gown and gloves 313 www.downloadslide.net Answers and Explanations (A) Prolene is a single continuous fiber made of a polymer chemical (i.e., chains of the same molecule strung together) that is extruded and stretched (B) A 2-0 silk has the same diameter as a 2-0 nylon suture A numbering system indicates the sutures outside diameter and ensures that a stated size is the same regardless of the material (C) Tensile strength refers to the amount of force needed to break the suture (D) A blunt needle is the least traumatic and the safest needle point It is used on friable tissue and organs that are soft and spongy (D) The taper needle has a round body that tapers to a sharp point Its primary use is for suturing soft tissue such as the biliary track, the dura, gastrointestinal (GI), muscle, and nerve (B) When using a skin gun, the cuticular and subcuticular are penetrated (B) A purse string suture is used to invert the stump of the appendix into the cecum (B) A cutting needle is not used on the bowel because it lacerates the bowel (D) When the STSR receives a broken needle back from the surgeon they should immediately tell him 10 (C) All are absorbable except nylon which is a nonabsorbable suture 11 (A) The polypropylene is commonly used on soft tissue and cardiovascular surgery 12 (D) Chromic and plain gut is protein collagen derived from the sub mucosal layer of sheep or beef intestine 13 (C) Surgical stainless steel is the strongest of suture materials It has no significant inflammatory properties It is available in monofilament, twisted and commonly used in the presence of infection 14 (A) The suture is inserted into the eye end of the needle and is crimped and sealed This is referred to as swaged on 15 (B) Retention sutures provide additional support to wound edges in abdominal surgery 16 (D) In subcuticular stitching, the needle is placed within the dermis from side to side This technique brings the skin edges together and no suture material is visible from the outside This technique 314 www.downloadslide.net produces a very fine scar or no scar 17 (B) A Keith needle is a straight needle with a cutting point frequently used in GYN and used on superficial tissue 18 (A) A tie on a passer is a piece of suture attached to a clamp that is passed around a vessel or a duct for ligation and is commonly used in deeper cavities 19 (C) A tie on a passer is a strand of suture material attached to the top of an Adson or right angle clamp 20 (B) You can only hold the suture If you grasp the needle, you may pull it off You can never get all the memory out without causing damage to the suture 21 (C) Suture boots are used to identify and hold one end of a double armed suture but ideally used to prevent a kink in the thread which can lead to vessel damage 22 (A) Another name for Polyglactin 910 is Vicryl 23 (C) When silk becomes wet it compromises its tensile strength 24 (D) All of the above are included on a suture package 25 (A) A reverse cutting needle is commonly used for skin closure A side cutting is commonly used for eye procedures Tapered needles are used in the GI tract and for delicate tissue Hypodermic needles are used to inject medications into tissue and IV fluids 26 (C) A Potts and Cournand are types of arterial needles An Angio-Cath is used to introduce IV fluids 27 (A) The Dorsey cannulated needle is used to obtain tissue for a brain biopsy A Preyea needle is used for stress incontinence A spinal needle is used to introduce anesthetic medication into the epidural space, subdural space and to obtain spinal fluid A Tru-cut needle is used for a liver biopsy 28 (C) Dr Halstead developed the principles of suture technique Lister contributed to antiseptic technique Debakey is known for his contributions to cardiac surgery 29 (A) A Keith is a straight needle and has nothing to with sewing technique 30 (D) Retention sutures are large sutures They are nonabsorbable and placed interrupted through all layers of tissue for wound re- inforcement 31 (D) Active drains are removed from the patient 32 (B) Jackson–Pratt drain is commonly used following thyroid surgery A Hemovac is used when a moderate amount of drainage is expected They are commonly used in orthopedic surgery A Stryker drain works off of a battery It is an evacuation pump mainly used on hips and knees It is very effective in eliminating dead space 315 www.downloadslide.net 33 (A) When loading the suture, the needle should be placed ⅓ of the distance from the swaged end 34 (A) The RB suture code stands for renal artery bypass 35 (B) The CTX suture code stands for circle taper extra-large needle C/CV is a cardiovascular needle 36 (D) Potts and Cournand are two types of angioplasty catheters A Dorsey needle is a cannulated needle used for brain biopsies 37 (D) the Tru-cut biopsy needle is commonly used for a liver biopsy The Franklin Silverman biopsy needle can be used for a liver biopsy along with other organs The Chiba biopsy needle is commonly used for lung tissue 38 (D) All of the above are suture techniques 39 (D) Retention sutures are large nonabsorbable interrupted sutures that are placed through all layers of tissue for wound reinforcement Traction suture are used to retract tissue commonly during eye, heart, CBD, or tongue surgery Buried suture is when the knot of the suture is buried under the tissue layer and not sticking out Bridges and bolsters are used with the retention suture to prevent the heavy suture from cutting into the patient’s skin 40 (B) All apply to the Penrose drain except it does not work by wicking action The cigarette drain is a Penrose drain with a gauze strip inside that works by wicking 41 (C) The t-tube is commonly used for drainage of the CBD 42 (D) Stryker—this drain works off a battery evacuation pump and is mainly used in hips and knees, it is very effective in eliminating dead space Hemovac is used when there is a moderate amount of drainage Commonly used in orthopedic surgery Gastrointestinal decompression is a plastic or rubber nasogastric tube-NG tube and is inserted through a nostril down into the stomach or intestine to remove gas fluids and other contents to decompress the gastrointestinal tract 43 (D) The Levin tube is used for stomach decompression The Miller–Abbott is used to decompress the intestines, and the Salem Sump is used for nasogastric suction 44 (B) You always want to maintain a negative pressure in the plural cavity or the lungs will collapse 45 (C) Adson forceps are used to evert the skin edges and the gun is lined up with the skin and the edges of the skin and the staple is released 46 (A) The GIA gun places two double rows of staggered staples and has a blade that ligates in between the staples and divides the tissue The LDS—ligating and dividing staple gun is commonly used to ligate small vessels, small tubular structures and example would be the omentum The EEA gun is used on tubular structures of the lower GI track, distal colon or rectum Hemoclips are two clips are placed proximal and distal on a structure and can be cut with a blade or scissors to divide the structure 316 www.downloadslide.net 47 (D) GIA and TA linear staple guns are stapling devices that are commonly used to divide and join tubular segments back together side by side for intestinal (GI) or thoracic procedures All other choices are NOT basic types of linear staple guns 48 (A) Ligating and diving stapler is the acronym for an LDS stapler device This is a double row of two staples that are released side by side for a one time staple and cuts between with a blade within the gun This is also commonly used to ligate small vessels, small tubular structures 49 (B) The EEA stapler device is a circular staple gun with a double row of staggered staples and a blade attached to cut around this circular lumen within the tissue Commonly used on tubular structures of the lower GI track, such as distal colon or rectum surgical procedures 50 (A) Precautions must be taken to prevent injuries To prevent needle stick injuries, needles should not be recapped, purposely bent or broken by hand, removed from the disposable syringes, or otherwise manipulated by hand Sharps should be place in a puncture-resistant container for disposal 51 (A) In a gastrointestinal closure, the mucosal layer is closed with chromic 4-0 or 3-0; the seromuscular layer is closed with chromic 3- or 2-0 and silk 4-0 or 3-0 52 (B) A purse-string suture is a continuous suture placed around a lumen and tightened, drawstring fashion, to close the lumen This is used, for example, when inverting the stump of an appendix or when closing the anus in the perineal stage of an abdominoperineal resection 53 (A) A bumper is passed over or through the exposed portion of suture in a retention suture to prevent the suture from cutting into the skin surface 54 (D) Pressure dressings are used frequently following extensive operations, especially in plastic surgery, knee operations, and radical mastectomies 55 (B) This portable system is used to apply suction to a large closed-wound site postoperatively A constant, negative vacuum evacuates tissue fluid and blood to promote healing by reducing edema and media for microbial growth 56 (D) Synthetic meshes, such as Mersilene or Martex, are helpful in repair of recurrent hernias requiring a strong repair 57 (C) Sump, chest, and Hemovac drains are all active drains attached to an external force of vacuum to create suction The Penrose exits the wound and provides a path of least resistance for drainage into the dressing 58 (D) A subcuticular suture is a continuous suture placed beneath the epithelial layer of the skin in short lateral stitches It leaves a minimal scar 59 (B) Change a glove at once and discard needle or instrument if a glove is pricked by a needle or snagged by an instrument 317 www.downloadslide.net 318 ... IMMUNITY—resistant to infection NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY—acquired when you get a disease and acquire antibodies ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY—vaccination NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE... Questions Answers and Explanations 24 Thoracic Questions Answers and Explanations 25 Cardiac Questions Answers and Explanations 26 Vascular Questions Answers and Explanations 27 Neurosurgery Questions... official source of applications for and information about the surgical technology examination can be obtained from The National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (http://nbstsa.org)