MOCK-TEST-2-PAPER

CÙNG HỌC THI HSG MÔN TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 02 Môn thi: Thời gian thi: Ngày thi: KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA THPT NĂM 2019 TIẾNG ANH 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) Đề thi có 16 trang * Thí sinh khơng sử dụng tài liệu, kể từ điển * Giám thị khơng giải thích thêm I LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part For questions 1-5, listen to a talk on temporary jobs available at a local ice cream factory and complete the table with the missing information Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided Position Salary Food taster £15.30 (3) Office assistant £8.45 (5) Requirements/Duties Benefits A (1) job Take part in (2) Possess satisfatory tasting skills Deal with packaging and labelling Extra pay Being (4) is crucial Prepare reports, manage the customer database Proper training Part For questions 6-10, listen to a report on five key global issues What the speaker say about each of the issues? Choose five answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-J, in the corresponding numbered boxes provided A Clashes between forces within a newly-formed country cause heavy death toll and looming starvation B Under a new zero-tolerance policy, children were forced to work in cages C A peace agreement was signed, ending years of civil war D The authority is reportedly detaining populations of an ethnic group in a bid to re-educate them E World powers help to resolve a civil conflict by backing Saudi Arabia’s campaign F An inhumane policy faced immense public opposition and political pressure G Military forces commit atrocities against a minority group, resulting in mass migration H The government attacks a religious minority group in an effort to crack down on freedom of speech I Some countries place travel restrictions on civilians to prevent them from fleeing across borders J A civil conflict broke out, followed by military intervention from neighbouring countries Global issues China’s internment camps Rohingya crisis South Sudan’s civil war Conflict in Yemen 10 U.S family separation Your answers 10 Part For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion on expectations in today’s job market and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what your hear Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided 11 How does Diane Webber view “job for life”? A She regrets the fact that this situation is no longer the norm B She feels that many long-serving employees fail to make a useful contribution C She believes that people should have challenged their employers’ motives more D She wishes the workplace had been more secure in the past 12 According to Diane, younger workers in today’s workplace A learn all the skills they need early on B accept lateral moves if they are attractive C expect to receive benefits right from the start D change jobs regularly to achieve a higher level 13 What does Diane say about continuity in companies? A It is desirable in both junior and senior management B It is impossible to achieve in today’s more competitive environment C It is unimportant, due to the greater emphasis on teamwork D It is necessary, but only up to a point 14 According to Diane, what is the actual benefit of higher levels of personnel movement? A Higher levels of output B Better problem-solving C More creativity D Greater efficiency 15 Diane considers that nowadays companies are at most risk from A run-of-the-mill employees who play safe B successful high-fliers who quickly move on C unreliable staff who lack commitment D external advisors who have undue power Your answers 11 12 13 14 15 Part For questions 16-25, listen to a report on trends in technology in 2018 and supply the blanks with the missing information Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided - The top ten (16) _ are key trends that the enterprise cannot afford to ignore - Artificial intelligence and machine learning is a foundation component of all of the applications and services and things in our world around us which lead us to the two (17) _: Intelligent apps and analytics and intelligent things Think of intelligent user interface with things like (18) - Think of intelligent actions so your applications themselves have improved (19) and look at how AI improves the business intelligence and (20) for end users - Think of that term AI not just as artificial intelligence and robotic things replacing people but think (21) _ and assisting humans - Multiple intelligent things: (22) , robots and autonomous vehicles working cooperatively together (23) are the digital representations of the real-world things - The next trend is cloud to the edge Edge computing and using the processing power at the edge of these edge devices can act as (24) - We’ve got to think of this distributed computing environment and finally the last two trends are looking at conversational systems and (25) II LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS) Part For questions 26-39, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided 26 I'm about to start my long-planned swimming regime But I've got really terrible cellulite, which makes me feel rather A self-assured B self-centred C self-conscious D self-evident 27 , we cleared the table and washed the dishes A Having the food eaten B Eating the food C Eaten the food D The food eaten 28 I am putting my job by giving you this information A on the point B on the trot C on the line D on the verge 29 This horror film is not for people who are and can not stand the sight of blood A sullen B discreet C squeamish D callous 30 Our teacher tends to certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about A boil down B string along C skate over D track down 31 The return on your investment will come in at first, but you'll see a more steady flow of income later A bits and bobs B dribs and drabs C fingers and thumbs D bibs and tuckers 32 There is a big investigation , but I don't know when A in the offing B off the peg C on the blink D over the hill 33 As I said before, the report will be released in the of time I can't estimate when that will be A rightness B fullness C greatness D correctness 34 These fanatics are in earnest when they say they want to destroy all forms of government A mortally B fatally C deadly D gravely 35 That car accident seems to have scared Janet out of her - she's still shaken by it A powers B senses C wits D moods 36 At the end of her speech, she a note of warning about the risks involved in the project A hit B punched C struck D beat 37 Tickets are hard to come by but I'll my best to get you one A utmost B level C regular D extreme 38 He is the favourite to win the tournament of champions next week A all-out B far-fetched C odds-on D well-earned 39 I hope the fact that Louise isn't coming won't your enjoyment of the evening A scrap B mar C oust D flout Your answers 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Part For questions 40-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided 40 People in coastal area live mainly on the , which allows them to earn a great deal of money from the sea products (CULTURE) 41 It was quite obvious that there had been a definite between her and her daughterin-law right from the beginning (STRANGE) 42 Osteoarthritis is a(n) joint disease due to the wear and tear of joint cartilage (GENERATE) 43 Although some hold out hope for a sea wall and land reclamation programme, it is admittedly nothing more than a mere (STOP) 44 This book is You can find information about the varieties of plants around the world here (EMBRACE) 45 Antiseptics and are widely used in hospital to kill the bacteria (INFECT) Your answers 40 41 42 43 44 45 III READING (50 POINTS) Part For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided Few inventions have had more scorn and praise (46) upon them at the same time than television And few have done so much to unite the world (47) one vast audience for news, sport, information and entertainment Television must be rated (48) printing as one of the most significant inventions of all time in the field of communications In just a few decades it has (49) virtually every home in the developed world and an ever-increasing proportion of homes in developing countries It took over half a century from the first suggestion that television might be (50) before the first flickering (51) _ were produced in laboratories in Britain and America In 1926 John Logie Baird’s genius for publicity brought television to the (52) of a British audience It has since reached such (53) of success and (54) on such a pivotal function that it is difficult to imagine a world (55) of this groundbreaking invention Your answers 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Part For questions 56-68, read the following passage and the tasks that follow READING WARS A In many developed countries literacy skirts are under siege This is true even in societies where access to primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education New Zealand, for example, was leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to twenty-fourth just a few years tater Test scores in the USA also slumped ten percent during the 1990s despite the country riding an economic boom for much of the decade In some cases these statistics reverse trends that were in motion for over a century and a half The steady, gradual expansion of literacy across social groups and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialization that began in the mid-1850s B This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching literacy What was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts— rapidly escalated into a series of skirmishes that were played out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacy crisis; politicians successfully ran their national campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and lobby groups C The arguments around reading pooled into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and behaviorism The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they were spliced and formalized within rigid doctrines, strict rules and universal skillsets Constructivists associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram Students are encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they not understand, or learn to interpret those words by situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider narrative These practices materialize as learning processes centered on guided group reading and independent reading of high-quantity, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasises pupils conveying their own thoughts and feelings for real purposes such as letters to pen pals or journal entries D．Behaviorism sees the pedagogial process in a less dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not lexically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-lexically, as a combination of features that can be separated and learnt in a schematic process The behaviorist approach does not focus on words at all in the early stages of learning Rather, it is centered on a universally applicable method of teaching students to isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesize these individual parts and make sense of spoken words textually In this way, individual components are not equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse Code Because of its emphasis on universal rules, behaviorism is much more conducive to formal examination and the consolidation of results across regions and countries The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills that exist independently of individuals Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalized process that erupts within the students themselves E So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say Champions of behaviorism have claimed victory because constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the West Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviorist approach has a heavy methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results not represent the ability of individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively Furthermore, different socio-economic groups respond in different ways to each method Those from wealthier families tend to well regardless of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach implemented in the 1990s Children from poorer families, however, are better served by behaviorism These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method F It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviorism will be permanently sidelined from curricula in the near future Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach Constructivism may ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and learning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle In a world rife with social inequities, households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviorist approach may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skills of literacy quickly and efficiently, even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process Questions 56-62: There are six paragraphs marked A-F in the passage In which paragraph is the following mentioned? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided 56 A reason why constructivism might increase inequalities in society 57 Ways in which people debated the merits of different ways of teaching reading 58 A comparison between forms of communication that build meaning from isolated parts 59 Reasons why a method that is theoretically superior might not always work effectively in practice 60 An explanation of why measuring the success of different reading methods is difficult 61 An example of an activity that teachers might use to develop writing skills 62 Evidence of a national decline in reading standards Your answers 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Questions 63-65: Which THREE of the following are features of constructivism? Choose THREE letters, A-G Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided A．Students learn best by working on their own B．People are naturally inclined to develop language abilities C．It is vital that a disciplined and regulated approach is used D．It is important that students understand every word they encounter E．Language is best learnt as a single, organic process F．Everyone learns to read and write in a similar manner G．Context can provide helpful cues to understanding words Your answers 63 64 65 Questions 66-68: Which THREE of the following are features of behaviorism? Choose THREE letters, A-G Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided A．The whole of a word is less important than its parts B．There is not a common set of conventions C．Students learn best by working on their own D．Meaning is created by connecting word fragments E．Linguistic capacities are built into people F．Students learn by receiving information from teachers G．It is difficult to judge how well students are doing collectively Your answers 66 67 68 Part In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed For questions 69-75, read the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap There is ONE extra paragraph which you not need to use Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided MERGING ART&SCIENCE: A FALSE PREMISE The current vogue is for believing that art and science should be brought together This obsession for showing that art - particularly the visual arts - is similar to science in content and the creative processes is bemusing I detect in it an element of social snobbery - artists are envious of scientists and scientists want to be thought of as artists 69 If Watson and Crick had not got the structure of DNA we know that Franklin and Klug would soon have had it Indeed simultaneous discovery is a common feature of science If one could rerun the history of science and start again it would have a different history but the end results would be the same: water would be H2O and genes would code for proteins but the names would be different 70 Whatever the feelings of the scientist these are absent from the final understanding of a process while art is a personal creation and contains the personal views of the artist And since science is a communal process a scientist has to be very aware of what is known about the problem being investigated There are strict criteria about lack of contradiction and, of course, correspondence with reality Science makes progress, we build on the work of our current and earlier colleagues To talk about progress in art makes no sense, there is change but not progress 71 Thus, I cannot understand what is being referred to when there is reference to critical thinking in art In what sense can a painting be right or wrong? Anyone can have views about a painting and engage in art discussions Non-scientists can thrill to scientific ideas but to make meaningful comments about them, and I exclude their application to technology, one actually has to have detailed knowledge; science needs a much greater, and quite different, intellectual effort 72 It is very rare for referees to recommend acceptance without changes This can be a complex procedure but in general authors are grateful for the careful reading and criticism of their paper Even so we reject about half of all papers we receive Paintings, however, are neither revised nor can be shown to be wrong 73 The idea of creativity makes scientists want to be thought of as artists and vice versa and there may well be something similar in all human creativity, but that it is particularly similar in scientists and artists is without foundation The similarity between art and science is even less than that between billiards and rugby, both of which at least use a ball 74 It seems just poetic licence to suggest that this picture did much to convince European scientists that the great mystery of life might be explained in terms of electrochemical forces (Although it may be that Jan Vermeer did indeed discover that more compelling illusions can be achieved through a kind of optical illusion that makes special use of the perceptual system inside our brains, rather than through the details that reach our eyes) 75 Art does not explain, but it broadens our experience in ways that are not clearly understood I value it in its own terms, but it has nothing to with understanding how the world works To pretend that it does is to trivialise science and nothing for art We should stop pretending that the two disciplines are similar, and instead rejoice in the very different ways that they enrich our culture The missing paragraphs: A What are the criteria used by the director of a gallery and his or her advisers when selecting for exhibition? Is he or she like the editor of a science journal? No, for there is nothing in art like the peer review so fundamental to science; there are no art critics, just art writers As the editor of a scientific journal, it is extremely rare that my personal view determines whether or not a paper gets published My role is to choose a good editorial board and to know to whom the papers to be reviewed should be sent B Bringing visual artists and scientists together merely makes them feel elevated: it is not a scientific experience Although it must be said that science has had a strong influence on certain artists - in the efforts to imitate nature and thus to develop perspective or in the area of new technologies - art has contributed virtually nothing to science C Then of the hundreds of thousands of papers published each year, few have a lifetime of more than a few years Most disappear with little if any trace The original papers, with very rare exceptions, like those of Einstein, are never part of scientific culture and they are not for sale Science, unlike art, is not entertainment D What intrigued me at the opening was how the exhibits were chosen There is less of a problem with well established artists such as Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon or Matisse It is the very modern works that present the problem E How different from this are all the arts No Shakespeare - no Hamlet; no Picasso - no Guernica Moreover a work of art is capable of many interpretations and has moral content There is but one correct scientific explanation for any set of observations and reliable scientific understanding has no moral or ethical content; that is to say that the scientist does not allow his own reactions to come into play F The Oxford University art historian Martin Kemp takes a very different view from mine here He claims that during the 'Scientific Revolution' some artists were able to play an active role in the dialogue between seeing and knowing He gives the fiery emissions of Joseph Wright's volcanoes painted in the late eighteenth century as an example Wright's painting of Vesuvius erupting may be dramatic but it owes nothing to geology G Art is not constrained by reality It cannot be shown to be wrong And of all the arts, painting is the one least related to science as it does not deal with complex ideas or explanations, is the easiest to appreciate, and the response is often an emotional one Ideas in the visual arts come from art critics and historians, not the works themselves H Science is about understanding how the world works, there being only one right description of any observed phenomenon Unlike the arts it is a collective endeavour in which the individual is ultimately irrelevant - geniuses merely speed up discovery Your answers 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Part For questions 76-85, read an extract from an article on the design of green building and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits best according to the text Write your answers in the corrresponding numbered boxes provided 1) There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment; Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue Seldom these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to utilise this knowledge on a practical level 2) While the terms green and sustainable are often considered synonymous, in that they both symbolise nature, green does not encompass all that is meant by sustainability, which can be defined as minimizing the negative impacts of human activities on the natural environment, in particular those which have long-term and irreversible effects Some elements of green design may be sustainable too, for example those which reduce energy usage and pollution, while others, such as ensuring internal air quality, may be considered green despite having no influence on the ecological balance 3) Although there are a good many advocates of ‘green’ construction in the architectural industry, able to cite ample reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention a plethora of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design 4) The commissioning process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives, criteria and the type of design envisaged are discussed and documented This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas, and also provides a specific benchmark against which individual elements, such as costs, design and environmental impact can be judged 5) Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take ‘green’ issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately However, in time, the owner realises that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact 6) In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design He may have done research into it himself, or he may have been informed of the merits of green design through early discussion with professionals However, firms should not take it as read that someone commissioning a building already has a preconceived idea of how green he intends the structure to be Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate 7) Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs, return for investment and to what extent green design should be the limiting factor governing decisions in the design process (1) Many of these costs are incurred by the increased cooperation between the various stakeholders, such as the owner, the design professionals, contractors and end-users (2) However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines (3) This increased coordination clearly requires additional expenditure (4) A client may initially balk at these added fees, and may require further convincing of the benefits if he is to proceed It is up to the project team to gauge the extent to which a client wants to get involved in a green design project and provide a commensurate service 8) Of course, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design Case studies cite examples of green/sustainable designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction Tax credits and rebates are usually available on a regional basis for projects with sustainable design or low emissions, among others 76 The writer’s main purpose is to: A explain to professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs B explain the importance of green building design in reducing long-term damage to the environment C explain to owners commissioning a building why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D explain to professionals why it is important to follow the correct procedures when a building is commissioned 77 The examples of green and sustainable designs given in paragraph show that: A designs must be sustainable in order for them to be described as green B for the purposes of this paper, the terms green and sustainable have the same meaning C some sustainable designs are green, while others are not D some designs are termed green, even though they are not sustainable 78 According to paragraph 3, the reason for the lack of green buildings being designed is that: A few firms have any experience in design and constructing buildings to a green design B construction companies are unaware of the benefits of green and sustainable designs C firms not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably D firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability 79 In paragraph 4, what does the word ‘benchmark’ mean? A standard B target C process D comparision 80 Which of the following is NOT true about the commissioning process? A It is conducted before the building is designed B It is a stage that all clients go through when constructing a building C It is a step in the design procedure in which the client’s goals are identified D It provides the firm with a measure of how well they did their job 81 In paragraph 5, what does the phrase ‘come a cropper’ mean? A experience misfortune B change one’s mind C notice the benefits D make a selection 82 In paragraph 6, the writer implies that: A most clients enter the commissioning process with a clear idea of whether or not they want a green building B designers are usually less concerned about green design than the clients are C the commissioning process offers a perfect opportunity to bring up the subject of green design D firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings 83 Where in paragraph does this sentence belong? In a typical project, landscape architects and mechanical, electrical and plumbing engineers not become involved until a much later stage A (1) B (2) C (3) D (4) 84 In paragraph 7, what does ‘balk at’ mean? A display shock towards C question the reason for B agree to pay D understand the need for 85 Green buildings are most likely to incur more expense than conventional buildings due to: A higher taxes incurred on sustainable buildings B higher long-term operational costs C the higher cost of green construction materials D increased coordination between construction teams Your answers 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Part The passage below consists of four paragraphs marked A, B, C and D For questions 86-95, read the passage and the task that follows Write your answers in the corrresponding numbered boxes provided IT’S NOT FAIR Do animals share our sense of unfairness over displays of greed? A How often have you seen rich people take to the streets, shouting that they're earning too much? Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum wage has to go up, or that their jobs shouldn't go overseas Concern about fairness is always asymmetrical, stronger in the poor than the rich And the underlying emotions aren't as lofty as the ideal itself Children become thoroughy indignant at the slightest discrepancy in the size of their slice of pizza compared to their sibling's Their shouts of "That's not fair!" never transcend their own desires We're all for fair play so long as it helps us There's even an old story about this, in which the owner of a vineyard rounded up labourers at different times of the day Early in the morning, he went out to find labourers, offering each denarius But he offered the same to those hired later in the day The workers hired first thing in the morning expected to get more since they had worked through the heat of the day, yet the owner didn't feel he owed them any more than he had originally promised B That this sense of unfairness may turn out to be quite ancient in evolutionary terms as well became clear when graduate student Sarah Brosnan and I discovered it in monkeys When testing pairs of capuchin monkeys, we noticed how much they disliked seeing their partner get a better deal We would offer a pebble to one of the pair and then hold out a hand so that the monkey could give it back in 10 exchange for a cucumber slice Alternating between them, both monkeys would happily barter 25 times in a row The atmosphere turned sour, however, as soon as we introduced inequity One monkey would still receive cucumber, while its partner now enjoyed grapes, a favourite food with monkeys While that monkey had no problem, the one still working for cucumber would lose interest Worse, seeing its partner with juicy grapes, this monkey would get agitated, hurl the pebbles out of the test chamber, sometimes even those measly cucumber slices A food normally devoured with gusto had become distasteful C There is a similarity here with the way we reject an unfair share of money Where these reactions come from? They probably evolved in the service of cooperation Caring about what others get may seem petty and irrational, but in the long run it keeps one from being taken advantage of Had we merely mentioned emotions, such as "resentment" or "envy," our findings might have gone unnoticed Now we drew the interest of philosophers, anthropologists and economists, who almost choked on the monkey comparison As it happened, our study came out at the very time that there was a public outcry about the multimillion dollar pay packages that are occasionally given out on Wall Street and elsewhere Commentators couldn't resist contrasting human society with our monkeys, suggesting that we could learn a thing or two from them D Our monkeys have not reached the point at which their sense of fairness stretches beyond egocentric interests - for example, the one who gets the grape never levels the outcome by giving it to the other but in cooperative human societies, such as those in which men hunt large game, anthropologists have found great sensitivity to equal distribution Sometimes, successful hunters aren't even allowed to carve up their own kill to prevent them from favouring their family These cultures are keenly aware of the risk that inequity poses to the social fabric of their society Apes, as opposed to monkeys, may have an inkling of this connection High-ranking male chimpanzees, for example, sometimes break up fights over food without taking any for themselves During tests, a female received large amounts of milk and raisins, but noticed her friends watching her from a short distance After a while, she refused all rewards Looking at the experimenter, she kept gesturing to the others, until they were given a share of the goodies She was doing the smart thing Apes think ahead, and if she had eaten her fill right in front of the rest, there might have been repercussions when she rejoined them later in the day In which section does the writer mention A robust response to news of the writer’s research? One animal harbouring resentment towards another? An animal thinking of the consequences of their actions? Any unfairness provoking a strong and egocentric reaction? The animal behaviour shown not going as far as equivalent human behaviour? A sense of injustice from people having to cope with adverse conditions? A justification for the irrational sense of unfairness? An animal’s feeling of injustice leading to preposterous behaviour? Unfairness among humans being perceived by those who are less well-off? Examples of both humans and animals behaving with fairness? Your answers: 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 IV WRITING (60 points) Part Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words long The child who is too aggressive is usually revealing tow difficulties Firstly, far from being too confident, he is actually not confident enough of himself Secondly, he has not learnt, or is afraid to trust, the acceptable ways of getting what he wants and defending his rights 11 Why the child lacks confidence may not be apparent In a young child, a lack of confidence can be readily understood He has not yet had enough experience to know what he can An older child may be bullying and aggressive because he is too strictly held down at home, or equally because he is too laxly handled and has not been helped to self-control Too much and too little parental authority often have similar troubling effects on children of different temperaments The same may be said of the second difficulty the child reveals by his aggressive behavior A young child does not yet know that here are better ways than fighting An older child may not have been given much guidance, or through circumstances he may not have had much experience in getting along with other children When parents or other adults have not been on hand to teach and show children by their example, or have been too protective of their children in the pre-school years, it may take both time and experience for the children to learn to get along with others, once they are in school and on their own The child who is too aggressive needs his confidence build up in good and wholesome ways His boldness, his energy, his desire to lead and manage others can be directed into useful channels At home and in school, the aggressive child can be given more responsibility and more praise for his real achievements 12 Part The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant You should write about 150 words *Fairtrade: a category of products for which farmers from developing countries have been paid an officially agreed fair price 13 Part Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic: “We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning ” Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reasons on which that claim is based 14 15 V SPEAKING (20 POINTS) It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction To what extent your agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children? You have minutes to sketch out what you are going to say Your talking time should not exceed minutes 16