BÀI TẬP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH Chương 1: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (TENSES) A Simple present (Hiện đơn) Cấu trúc (Form) Cách dùng (Use) B Present continuous (Hiện tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (Form) Cách dùng (Use) C Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Cấu trúc (Form) Cách dùng (Use) D Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (Form) Cách dùng (Use) E Prensent perfect (Hiện hoàn thành) Cấu trúc (Form) 10 Cách dùng (Use) 10 Các từ cụm từ thường dùng vời HTHT 10 F Present perfect continuous (Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn) 10 Cấu trúc (Form) 10 Cách dùng (Use) 10 G Past perfecct (Qúa khứ hoàn thành) 10 Cấu trúc (Form) 11 Cách dùng (Use) 15 H Past perfecct continuous (Qúa khứ tiếp diễn) 15 Cấu trúc (Form) .16 Cách dùng (Use) 18 I Simple future (Tương lai đơn) 18 1 Cấu trúc (Form) 19 Cách dùng (Use) 19 Các trạng từ thường dùng 20 J Future continuous (Tương lai tiếp diễn) 20 Cấu trúc (Form) 20 Cách dùng (Use) 21 K Future perfect (Tương lai hoàn thành) 22 Chương 2: BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) Tóm tắt nghiên cứu 24 Hạn chế nghiên cứu 25 Gợi ý cho nghiên cứu sâu 25 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 26 Chương 1: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (TENSES) A.SIMPLE PRESENT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) a.Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form) I/We/You/They + verb (bare-inf) He/She/it + verb - s/es Động từ chia (V1 - bare-infinitive) Ngơi thứ ba số ít, động từ thêm -s -es (thêm -es sau động từ tận là: o,s,x,ch,sh.) - I play tennis every Wednesday Thứ tư chơi quần vợt - Water consists ò hydrogen and oxygen Nước gồm hyđrô oxy b Thể phủ định (Negative form) Đối với động từ be (am/is/are), thêm not sau be Rút gọn: am not = 'm not is not = isn't Are not = aren't - He is not/isn't a student Anh ta sinh viên Đối với động từ thường, dùng trợ động từ do/does I/You/We/They + not + verb (bare-inf.) He/She/it + does not + verd (bare-inf.) Rút gọn: not = don't does not = doesn't - We don't live far away Chúng sống không xa c Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form) Đối với động từ be, đem be đầu câu - Are you a student? Bạn có phải sinh viên khơng? §èi với động từ thờng, dùng Do/Does đầu câu Do + I/you/we/they + verb (bare-inf.)? Does + he/she/it + verb (bare-inf.)? - Do you live here? Anh sống à? Cách dùng (Use) a Diễn tả hành ®éng hay sù viƯc thêng hay x¶y - He smokes two packets of cigarettes a day - We go to school every morning except Sundays b DiƠn t¶ việc có thực trạng khoảng thời gian tơng đối dài - He works for an advertising company - They live in Oxford c Diễn tả định luật hay chân lí thời - They come from America - The sun rises in the east d Nói hành động tơng lai đợc đa vào chơng trình, kế hoạch - The next term starts on May - The last train leaves at 4.45 e Nãi vỊ t¬ng lai mệnh đề bắt đầu If When - If I come there tomorrow, I'll phone you - When it is ready, I'll give it to you f To be used to + noun/verb-ing đợc dùng để tập quán thói quen - Peter has lived in Paris for six year now, so he is quite used to the traffic - You can say what you like I'm used to being critized * Lu ý: Các trạng từ tần suất (adverbs of frequency) sau thờng đợc dùng với đơn đứng trớc động từ thờng (ordinary verbs), sau động từ đặc biệt (auxiliary verbs) tiếp diễn hoàn thành always - usually - often - sometimes - not often - sedom - rarely - never 100% 0% Always (lu«n lu«n), usually (thêng thêng), often (thêng), sometimes (thØnh tho¶ng), occasionally (thØnh tho¶ng), sedom (Ýt khi), never (kh«ng bao giê), every day/ week/ month (mối ngày/ tuần/tháng ), one a week (mỗi tuần lần), twice a year (2 năm lần), v.v - I always get up o'clock in the morning - She usually finds it easy to her homework - Tom rarely eats at restaurants - Do you often go swimming? - He is sometimes late for school B PRESENT CONTINUOUS (THì HIện tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (form) a Thể khẳng định (Affimative form) I +am He/She/it +is We/You/They +are + verb-ing - Look That man is taking a photo of you Nhìn Ngời đàn ông đang chụp hình bạn b Thể phủ định (Negative form) Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing The children aren't playing in the yard at the moment Vµo lúc bọn trẻ không chơi sân c ThÓ nghi vÊn (Interrogative form) Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing? - What are you looking for? Bạn làm vậy? Cách dùng (Use) Thì tiếp diễn đợc dùng để diễn tả: a Diễn tả hành ®éng hay sù viƯc diƠn vµo lóc nãi - What are you doing? - I am studying English - Listen! The baby is crying b DiƠn t¶ hành động hay việc xảy thời điểm không thiết vào lúc nói - He normal goes to work by car, but his car has broken down So he is coming to work by train this week - Peter is a student, but he is working as a waiter during the holiday c DiÔn tả dự định thực tơng lai gÇn - What are you doing tonight? - I am going to the cinema with my father to tonigh d Dïng víi ý chung ®Ĩ nãi vỊ ®iỊu xảy thời diểm ®ã - I don't like to be disturbed if i am working - She looks lovely when she is smiling e Để nói đến hành động xảy không mong đợi bực mình, đợc dùng với trạng tõ always, constantly, continously, forever - You are constantly talking in class, Tom - My father is forever losing his keys - She's always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back * Lu ý: + Không dùng tiếp diễn (present progressive tense) với động từ nhận thức, tri giác có sở h÷u nh: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, own, belong, have, Với động từ này, ta dùng đơn (present simple) - I am tired now Bây mệt - She wants to go for a walk at the moment Lóc nµy cô ta muốn dạo - Do you see what I mean? Bạn có hiểu muốn nói không? + Các động từ sau dùng đợc hình thức với nghĩa khác - I think you're right Tôi cho bạn nói - What are you thinking about? Bạn nghĩ gì? - I feel we shouldn't it T«i cho r»ng chóng ta không nên làm điều - I'm feeling fine today Hôm cảm thấy khỏe - The meat smells bad Thịt có mùi thiu - Why are you smelling that milk? Has it gone off? Sao bạn ngửi li sữa vậy? Nó chua à? - The whisky tastes wonderful Rợu whiky có vị thơm thật - I'm just tasting it Tôi nếm thử ®©y - I weighed 45 kilos two month ago Tôi nặng 45 cân cách tháng - The scales broke when he was weighing himself this morning C¸i cân bị hỏng anh tự cân sang - I measure 80 centimetres around the waist Vòng eo đo đợc 80 cm - Why is that man measuring the road? Vì ông lại ®o ®êng nh vËy? - I see what you mean Tôi hiểu anh nói - I am seeing Tom tomorrow Tôi gặp Tom vào ngày mai C SIMPLE PAST (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) a Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form) I/We/You/They/He/She/It+ Verb (past tense) - I meet him yesterday Hôm qua gặp anh b Thể phủ định (Nagative form) * Đối với động từ be (was/were) thêm not sau be Rút gọn: was not = wasn't Were not = weren't - He wasn't present at class yesterday - Hôm qua anh không học * Đối với động từ thường, dùng trợ động từ did Subject + did not/didn't + verb (bare-inf) - I didn't Watch TV last night Tối qua không xem ti vi c Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form) * Đối với động be, đem be đầu câu - Was the train ten minutes late Có phải xe lửa muộn 10 phút không? * Đối với động từ thường, đặt trợ động từ did đầu câu Did + Subject + verb (bare-inf)? Cách dùng (Use) Thì khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả: a Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm xác định khứ - Tom went to Paris last summer - My mother left this city two years ago b Kể lại chuỗi hành động xảy liên tục - The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to the bed and lay down on it - There was once a man who lived in a small house in the country One day he left his house and went into town From then on, he never came back to his house c Được dùng với nghĩa tươnglai với cấu trúc wish, would rather, it's (hight/about) time - Ten o'clock - it's time we went home - I wish I had a better memory - Don't come and see me today I'd ranther you came tomorrow d Could, might, would, should dùng để diễn tả ý tương lai - Could you help me for a moment? - I think it might rain soon - Daisy should be here soon e Used to + verb đợc dùng để thói quen khứ - When I was young, I used to go swimming in this river - My sister used to be afraid of dogs D PAST CONTINUOUS (thì khứ tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (form) a Thể khẳng định (Affimative form) We/You/They + was + verb-ing I/He/She/It + were - The children were playing football at that time Lúc bọn trẻ đá bóng b Thể phủ định (Negative form) Subject + was/were + not + verb- ing - I waved to her but she wasn't looking 10 That's strange! .disappeare d! Nicky and Jan aren't at this school any more Nicky and Jan this school I saw a friend of yours a few moments ago I a friend of yours I'm still writing my letters I writing my letters yet Is this your first visit to South America? Have to South America before? Oh no! My wallet is still in the car Oh no! I my wallet in the car It's a long time since we spoke to your sister We to your sister for a long time 10 Is Anna still asleep? Has up set? 12 Underline the most suitable verb form in each sentence The first one is done for you I suddenly remembered that I forgot/had forgotten my keys While Diana watches/was watching her favourite television programme, there was a power-cut Tom used to live / would live in the house at the end of street Who was driving / drove the car at the time of the accident? By the time Sheila got back, Chris went / had gone David ate / had eaten Japanese food before , so he knew what to order 33 I did / was doing some shopping yesterday, when I saw that Dutch friend of your I used to like / was liking sweets much more than I now What exactly were you doing / did you when I came into your coffice yesterday? 10 Laura missed the party because no-one was telling / had told her about it 11 Tanya would / used to be a doctor 13 Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past verb form Only use the past perfect where this is absolutely necessary While I (try) was trying to get my car started, a passing car (stop) and the driver (offer) to help me The police (pay) no attention to Clare's complaint because she (phone) them so many times before Mary (not wear) her glasses at the time, so she (not notice) what kind of car the man (drive) Nick (lie) down on the grass for while, next to some tourists who (feed) the ducks Tony (abmit) that he (hit) the other car, but said that he (not damage) it Sorry, I (not listen) to you I (think) about something else Helen (feel) very tired, (finish) her work, she (fall) and when she asleep The police (get) to Clare's house as fast as they could, but the burglars (disappear) I (phone) you last night but you (not answer) 34 What (you do) ? 10 We (not go) out yesterday because it (rain) 14 Look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct, anh some have a word which should not be there Tick () each correct line If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the space A letter from the builders Dear Mrs Sangster, 35 Just a quick note to explain what we have been been done so far this month The work on the kitchen has gone well so far although we haven't already finished knocking down the outside wall yet So I wrote to you last week and have explained that two of my workmen were ill They have quite recovered now, I am glad to say, and they have came back to work yesterday As the weather has been bad we have been work inside most of the time, and all the painting is now been 10 finnished We have also put in a new window 11 in the kitchen, as you have instructed in 12 your last letter As you have not been 13 visiting here for to weeks we have not had 14 the chance to discuss the walls 15 When we checked them we have discovered that they are in a dangerous condition I'll let you know what are have to them Best wishes, Luisa Andrew Turner, Builder 36 15 Put each verb in brackets into the correct tence Sometimes there is more than one possible answer Hannah: Phil: Hannah: Hannah: Phil: Hannah: Phil: Hannah: Phil: Hannah: Phil: 37 What's that the accident It (4) (not/slow) down at you're the reading crossroads at all It (5) (crash) (you/read)? straight into a car and (6) (kill) two It's people The driver of the a news article about van was only sixteen and (7) (take) that accident drugs regularly for at least a year And the van (8) at (be) in an accident before the crossroads Oh, that's terrible Completely irresponsible last month Mind Yes, (9) (I/see) some near misses there you, that crossroads in dangerous (1) before now (10 (I/think) they should put traffic lights there It says here that (I/remember) (11) (they/put) up warning signs only a The police (2) week before the accident, but that obviously wasn't enough (complete) (12) (I/ussally/take) another route if I their can (13) .(I/not/like) going that way enquiries Last year when (14) (I/have) that job in now town (15) Aparently the .(I/go) that way every day van (16) (they/dig) up the road by the (3) park at the moment, so more traffic than usual (do) fifty (17) (come) through the at the time of crossroads There's too much congestion Journey times (18) (get) slower and slower over the last few year 38 But we still have accidents, unfortunately 39 16 Rewrite each sentence so that it contains will/shall or going to, and the vebd underlined How playing tennis? Shall we play tennis? I've decided to study Arbic in Cairo I promise to be home by midnight I hope to meet you later I'd like you to go to the shops for me We promise not to make too much noise Would you like me to help you with those bags? We could come back later if you like 17 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence The work won't take us longer than an hour We 'll have finished the work in the house I promise to phone you before our next meeting Before we you Would you like me to check the spelling for you? Shall for you? Sheila refuses to left me share her book Sheila won't book How about having a game of chess? Shall a game of chess? Please stay here until I come back Please don't come back After the lesson we'll meet and play tennis When we'll meet and play tennis What job will you have in twenty years' time? 18 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits the space Maria's homecoming When the bus (1) C in a small square, Maria (2) her magazine and didn't realize that she (3) at her destination 'This is Santa Teresa,' Martin said '(4) home! I suppose your cousin (5) for us Come on (6) the bags.' Maria thought, 'All those years when I (7) in New York, I (8) of this moment And now it's real, I can't beleive it! Here I am, (9) in the square' Santa Teresa was Maria's birthplace, but she (10) the town at egg of six She had some memories of the town, and some photos, but (11) here still? She (12) .Nobody (13) .in the square Perhaps her cousin Pablo (14) Maria's letter 'What (15) now?' asked Martin 'There isn't even a hotel here!' A has stopped B stops C stopped D was stopped A was reading B read C had read D used to read A arrived B arrived C has arrived D had arrived A You arrive B You're arriving C You're been arriving D You're arrived A waits B will be waiting C has waited D is going to A I'll carry B I carry C I've carried D I carried A live B have lived C was living D am living wait A dream B am dreaming A I really stand B I was really standing stood D I'm really standing 10 A was leaving B had left 11 A will she belong B did she belong C use to dream C used to leave D will dream C I had really D has left C has she belonged D does she belong 12 A wasn't knowing B hasn't known C hadn't known C wait D waited D didn't know 13 A was waiting B is waiting 14 A wasn't receving received B didn't use to receive C hadn't D hasn't received 15 A are we going to B have we done C did we D are we doing 19 For each question, complete the second sentence so that it mean the same as the first, using no more than three words I came to live here three month ago I've been living here for three months Shophie is out at the shops at the moment Shophie to the shops I've had French lessons since March I'm still reading this book I reading this book yet Paul left the room a moment ago Paul has the room It's ages since I last went to the cinema I to the cinema for ages This is the first time I've eaten snails I snails before I don't remember helen's phone number I've Helen's phone number ANSWER KEY 1 we are you looking, Am I wearing am looking after, Do you want drives still have, is getting is Sue dancing looks, wear am writing is not growing, water 10 you stay, come Did you buy – I wanted – I’d/I had left I’ve/I have finished have we been waiting – We’ve/we have been we’d / we had drunk – she hurried I was having/ I heard have you been doing – We’ve/ we have done She’d/ she had been crying- she’d/ she had had we heard / we threw I was having 10 I’ve/ I have been working 11 she went 12 I haven’t finished – you’ve/ you have been writing 13 they moved 14 he stopped – I was waiting 15.Did you arrive – it had already begun 16 I’m/I am living – I’ve/I have found 17 she’d/she had never used – didn’t know 18 I think – it belongs 19 you leave – I’ve/I have had – I’ve/I have been rushing 20 are you going to learn- does the Spanish course start – it starts – you’ll/you will enjoy – it will be/ it’s going to be 3 you I’m cooking Do you like are you using the people here tum goes are you reading Are you waiting 10 is building 4 had, stayed have/have had, saw have come saw, have you sold have you been doing have found, went has been killing, have made promised, haven’t finished for sine recntly last night for ages had taken didn’t use didn’t have/he hadn’t used to play written received today before since since 10 how long get up we’d missed would/use to spend to come learned go are you doing I’m working I don’t think are you going I’m taking I’m going I’m not working I suggest I gave I’ve had did you decide I got it was I didn’t believe I decided I applied they gave 10 it’s been/it has been They serve 10 do/don’t you want 11 doesn’t matter 12 I want 13 it always takes 14 does the café open 15 I don’t know 11 I haven’t/I have not regretted 12 I knew 13 I’ve changed 14 you haven’t heard 15 it’s/it has doubled 16 have you been 17 I joined 18 I left 19 I’ve just remembered 10 This time tomorrow we’ll be flying over the Atlantic You’ll definitely pass the test You are going to get up at six in the morning The ferry is due to leave at ten thirty tonight They are about to close the flight I’m having next week off work We’ll probable getn a message when we arive at the hotel All (off) the guests will have gone/ left tomorrow When I finally go into hospital, I’ll have been waiting for ten months 10 The government will not/won’t comment on the affair 11 ‘ve worked here haven’t been/’ve never been My pen has have left 5.’ve just seen haven’t finished you been ‘ve left haven’t spoken 10 Anna/she woken 12 had fogotten was watching used to live was driving had gone had eaten was doing used to like were you doing 10 had told 11 used to 13 was trying, stopped, offered paid, had phoned was not wearing, didn’t notice, was driving lay, were feeding admitted, had hit, hadn’t damaged wasn’t listening, was thinking felt, was feeding, finisshed, had finished, fell got, had disappeared phoned, didn’t answer, were you doing 10 didn’t go, was raining 14 already √ 11 visiting so work 12 √ have been 13 have √ √ 14 √ have 10 have 15 have 15 I remember have completed was doing didn’t slow crashed killed had been taking/had taken had been I’ve /I have seen 10 I think 11 they had put/they put 12 I usually take 13 I don’t like 14 I had 15 I went 16 they’re digging 17 is coming 18 have been getting/have got 16 Shall we play tennis? I’m going to study Arabic in Cairo I’ll be home by midnight I’ll meet you later Will you go to the shops for met? We won’t make too much noise Shall I help you with those bags? We’ll come back later ij you like/ Shall we come back later? 17 ‘ll have finished meet next /again, I’ll phone I check the spelling let me share her 18 C A D D B A C C 19 ‘ve been living here has gone ‘ve been learning haven’t finished just left we have leave /go until i the lesson has finished you be doing D 10 B 11 B 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 A haven’t been haven’t eaten/’ve never eaten forgotten ... Chương 2: BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) Tóm tắt nghiên cứu 24 Hạn chế nghiên cứu 25 Gợi ý cho nghiên cứu sâu 25 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 26 Chương 1: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (TENSES)... bị hỏng anh tự cân sang - I measure 80 centimetres around the waist Vòng eo đo đợc 80 cm - Why is that man measuring the road? Vì ông lại ®o ®êng nh vËy? - I see what you mean Tôi hiểu anh nói... qua gặp anh b Thể phủ định (Nagative form) * Đối với động từ be (was/were) thêm not sau be Rút gọn: was not = wasn't Were not = weren't - He wasn't present at class yesterday - Hôm qua anh không