MPLS 原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 原原 原原原 MPLS 原原 .3 1.1 中中 1.2 中中中中中中中中中中中中 1.2.1 中中中中中中 STM 1.2.2 中中中中中中中 IP 中 1.2.3 中中中中中中 ATM 1.2.4 中中中中 1.3 中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中 1.3.1 中 MPLS 中中中 1.3.2 MPLS 中中中中中中 10 1.3.2.1 中中中中中中中中 .10 1.3.2.2 MPLS 中中 12 1.3.3 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 14 1.3.3.1 中中中中中中中中中中中中 14 1.3.3.2 中 ATM 中 FR 中中中中中中 .16 1.3.4 MPLS 中中中中 16 原 原 MPLS 原原 16 2.1 中中 2.2 MPLS 中中中中 16 17 2.2.1 MPLS 中 17 2.2.1.1 中中中中中 FEC 17 2.2.1.2 中中中中中中 LSP 18 2.2.1.3 中中中中中中中 LSR 中中中中中 LSR 18 2.2.2 中中 19 2.2.2.1 中中 19 2.2.2.2 中中中中中中中 19 2.2.2.3 中中中中中 LSR3 19 2.2.2.4 中中中中 19 2.2.2.5 中中中 19 2.2.2.6 中中中中中中 LSP 20 2.2.2.7 中中中中中中中中中中中 20 2.2.2.8 中中中中 20 2.2.2.9 中中中中中 21 2.2.2.10 中中中中 .21 2.2.2.11 中中中中 .21 2.2.2.12 ATM 中中中中中中 22 2.2.2.13 FECS 中中 22 2.2.3 中中中中中中中中 22 2.2.3.1 中中中中中中中中中中中中 NHLFE .23 2.2.3.2 中中中中中中 ILM 23 2.2.3.3 FEC-TO-NHLFE 中中中 FTN .23 2.2.3.4 中中中中中中 23 2.2.3.5 中中中中中中 TTL 24 2.2.3.6 中中中中 24 2.2.3.7 中中中中中中 24 2.2.3.8 中中中中中 24 2.2.4 中中中中中中 26 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 2.2.4.1 中中中中中中中 26 2.2.4.2 中中中中中中中 26 2.2.4.3 中中中中中中中中中中中 26 2.2.4.4 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中 26 2.2.4.5 中中中中中中 LDP 27 2.3 MPLS 中中中中中中 27 2.3.1 OSPF 中中 27 2.3.2 BGP-4 中中 .29 原原原 MPLS 原原 1.1 原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中 B-ISDN 中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ITU-T 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中90 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中 ATM 中中中中中IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 CIPOA中LANE 中中中中 中 MPOA中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中 IETF 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中 1999 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 RFC 中中中中中中中中中中 97 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中 ATM中Everything over IP 中 IP over everything 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中 ATM 中中中中 B-ISDN 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Gbit/S中中中中中中 Tbit/S中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中 MP/S 中中中 GP/S 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 CPU 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ASIC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中Cross bar switch中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 _中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中 IP 中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 24%中中中中中中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中 2.3%中中 中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中 IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP中IPv4 IPv6中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IPX中Appletalk中Dcnet中CLWP 中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中 IP 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP/SDH/OPTICS 中中中中中中中中 IP/OPTICS中DWDM中中中MPLS 中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中 DWDM中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中 SDH中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中 SDH 中 ATM 中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中QOS 中 COS 中中中中中中IP 中中中中 MPLS 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 OPTICS 中中中中中 中中中中MPLS 中中中中中 IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中中 L2 中中中中“中中”中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中 FR 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP over OPTICS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 MPLS 中 ATM 中中中中中中中 中中中中中MPLS 中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中ATM 中中 B-ISDN 中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中 AAL 中中中中中中中 ISO-OSI 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中 FR-SDH 中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 1-1中 L33 L3 L3 IP 中中 中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 IP 中中 L3 中中中中中 FECS FECS 中中 L AAL AAL 中中中 MPLS 中中中 MPLS ATM 中中中 中中中中中 a) IP 中 ATM 中中中 b) ATM 中 c)IP/ATM 中 MPLS L2 d) MPLS 中中 中 1.1 MPLS 中 IP 中中ATM 中中中中中中中 中中 1.1 中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中 L2 中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP 中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中ATM 中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 MPLS 中中中 IP over OPTICS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中 OPTICS中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中 中中中中中 FR-SDH 中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 1.2 原原原原原原原原原原原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM中IP 中 ATM中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 1.2.1 原原原原原原 STM STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 60 中中中中中中 PCM 中 90 中中中 SDH中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中DDN 中中 ISDN 中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中 PDH 中中中中中中中1544 kbps 中 2048 kbps中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 SDH中SONET中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 XDSL 中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 90%中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 B 中中中 64kbps中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 GSM 中中中中 13kbps中CDMA 中中中中 8kbps中中中中中中中中 中 4kbps中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中 1.2.2 原原原原原原原 IP 原 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP 中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 2000 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 56Kbps——50Mbps中中中中中中中中中中中中 90 中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 155.52Mbps/622.08Mbps中97 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中 2.5Gbps中 中中中中中中 ITU-T 中中中 SG13 中 IP 中中中中中中中ITU 中中中中中中中 TSAG 中中中中中 IETF 中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 IP 中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 TCP 中中中中中中中IP 中中中中中中中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中 IP 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 PARETO 中中中PARETO 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中STM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 80% 90%中中中 STM 中中中中中中中中 10%中中中中中中中中中中中中 70% -80%中IP 中中中中中中中中中 2.3%中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 TCP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 TCP 中中中中中中中中 50%中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 1.2.3 原原原原原原 ATM ATM 中中 ITU-T 中中中中中 BISDN 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 ATM 中中 53 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 QOS中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Mbit/S 中 Gbit/S中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中 BISDN 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中 BISDN 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 QOS 中中中中中 COS 中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 1.2.4 原原原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中STM 中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 IP 中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 BISDN 中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中 90 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 155.52/622.08Mbps中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中ATM 中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中 STM 中中中中中中中 中中中ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中/中中中中中中中中中中中 STM中IP中ATM 中 Mobile 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 ATM中中中 VOAT 中中中中中中 IP over ATM 中中中中中MPLS中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中 中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 IP over OPTICS中中中 everything over IP中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP PHONE 中中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中 IP over OPTICS 中 everything over IP中中中中中中中中中中中中中IP over OPTICS 中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP/SDH/OPTICS 中 IP/ATM/OPTICS中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP over OPTICS中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中/中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Every thing over IP 中中中中中中中 IP PHONE中中中中中中中中中IP PHONE 中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中 STM 中中 中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP PHONE 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 1.3 原原原原原原原 MPLS 原原 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中IETF 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 RFC 中中中中中中中中中 中 1999 中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中 中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中 L Label 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中中中中中中 中中中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSRS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中 FEC F中 中中中中中中中 LSR 中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中 IP 中中中中中中 MPLS 中 中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSR 中中中中 MPLS 中中 MPLS node 中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中 IP 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 MLPS edge node MPLS 中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS中 MPLS 中中中中 MPLS Ingress MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中 IP 中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 MPLS Egress MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 IP 中中中中中 1.3.1 原 MPLS 原原原 中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中“中中中中”中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 O中n中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 O中n2中中中 VC 中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中 IETF 中“中中中中中中”中中中中中 RVSP中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中/中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中 1.3.2 MPLS 原原原原原原 1.3.2.1 原原原原原原原原 中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FECS中中Forwarding Equivalence classes中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中 中 10 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中 IP over ATM 中中 PVC 中中中中中PVC 中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 QOS QOS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中中QOS 中 中中中中中中中中中中中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ISP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ISP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 COS 中中中中中中中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中 中中 COS 中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 COS 中 QOS 中中中中中中中中 中中 IP 中中中MPLS 中中 MPLS 中中中中中中 Ingress 中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中 COS 中 QOS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中ATM 中中中TP 中中中VPNs 中中 中 15 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 1.3.3.2 原 ATM 原 FR 原原原原原原 中中中中中中中中 中 IP over ATM 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 n2 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 0中n中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 QOS中COS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中 ATM中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中 ATM 中中中 NHRP 中中中中中中中 SVC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 SVC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 SVC 中中中中中中中中 1.3.4 MPLS 原原原原 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中 Traceroute 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中 ATM 中 FR 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 TTL 中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 FR 中中中中中中中中中中 原2原 MPLS 原原 2.1 原原 中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中中中中 L2 中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中——中中中中中中中中 中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中 FR 中中中中中中中中中中中 中 16 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中——L2 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中 ATM 中 FR 中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中QOS 中 COS中中中 IP over ATM 中 IP over FR 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 SVC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 0中n中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2 MPLS 原原原原 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中 2.2.1 MPLS 原 MPLS 中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Ingress 中中中中中中中 Egress中中中中中中 中中中中中中 IP 中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中 中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L3 中中中中中中中 OSPF中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中——中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 BGP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中 MPLS 中中中 中 Ingress 中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中 Egress 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中中 LSP中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC 中中中中 L中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.1.1 原原原原原 FEC 中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中 VPI/VCI 中中中中中中中中 FR 中 DLCI 中中中中中中中 中 MPLS 中中中 L 中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 17 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中 1中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中 中中 2中FEC 中中中 中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSP中IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC 中中中 中中 3中FEC 中 中中中 FEC 中中中中中中 中中 4中中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中中 FEC 中中中 FEC中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中 IP 中中中 中中 5中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中中 FEC 中 MPLS Egress 中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS Egress 中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 RSVP中中中中中中中中中QOS中COS 中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC 中 MPLS 中 Egress 中中中中中中中FEC 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS Egress 中中中中中中 MPLS 中中 n 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中 0中n中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中 n 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 0中n2中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中n 中中中中中中中中 n(n-1)/2 中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中n 中中中中中中 n 中 Egress中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 n 中中中中 2.2.1.2 原原原原原原 LSP 中中中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSR 中中中中中中中中中中 R1 中 LSP 中中中 Ingress中Rn 中 LSP 中中中 Egress中R2 中 Rn-1 中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.1.3 原原原原原原原 LSR 原原原原原 LSR MPLS 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中 L3 中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 L3 中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中 LSR 中中中中 MPLS 中中中IP 中中中中中中中中中 FEC F中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSP 中中中中中中中 LSR 中中中中中中中中Ru 中 Rd 中 LSRs 中中中中中中中中中中中中Ru 中中中中中中 FEC F中中中中中中中中 L中Rd 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中 L 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Ru 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Rd 中中中中中中中 中 18 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.2 原原 中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC 中中中中中中中中中中中中 L 中中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中中中 LSR Ru 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 LSR Rd 中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 L 中 FEC F 中 Ru 中中中 Rd 中中中中“中中”中 中中中 MPLS 中中 IP 中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC F中中中中中中 LSP中中 LSP 中中中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中 Ru 中 Rd中中中中 L 中 Ru FEC F Rd 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.2.1 原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC中 2.2.2.2 原原原原原原原 中中 L 中 FEC 中中中中中中“中中”中 Ru 中 Rd 中 LSP 中中中中中中中 LSRS中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Ru 中中 FEC F 中 Rd 中中 Ru FEC F Rd中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中中中 Ru 中中中中 L 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Rd 中中中中中中 中中 L 中 Ru 中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中 Rd 中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 _L 中中 Ru OURPORT I FEC F Rd INPORT J 2.2.2.3 原原原原原 LSR3 中中中中 FEC F 中 Ru 中中中 Rd中中中中中中中中中中 L 中中中 FEC F中中中中中中中中 Ru 中中中中LSR Rd 中中中 LSR中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.2.4 原原原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中 FEC F 中中中中中中MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 2.2.2.5 原原原 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 MPLS 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 0中中中中中中中 m 中中中中中中中中 L1 中中中中中中中中中中 L2 中中中中 L3 中中中……中中中中 Lm 中中中中 中 19 中 中 34 中 中中中中中中中中中中中中 ATM 中 2.2.2.6 原原原原原原 LSP 中中 m 中 LSP 中中中中中中中中中中中中 P 中中中 LSR 中中中中中中中中中 1中R1 中“LSP Ingress” 2中中中中中 I 1