VINTRODUCTION(a) The following information provides guidance to Code users for submitting technical inquiries to the applicableBoiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Standards Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Committee). See the guidelineson approval of new materials under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in Section II, Part D for requirements forrequests that involve adding new materials to the Code. See the guidelines on approval of new welding and brazing materials in Section II, Part C for requirements for requests that involve adding new welding and brazing materials (“consumables”) to the Code.Technical inquiries can include requests for revisions or additions to the Code requirements, requests for Code Cases,or requests for Code Interpretations, as described below:(1) Code Revisions. Code revisions are considered to accommodate technological developments, to address administrative requirements, to incorporate Code Cases, or to clarify Code intent.(2) Code Cases. Code Cases represent alternatives or additions to existing Code requirements. Code Cases are written as a Question and Reply, and are usually intended to be incorporated into the Code at a later date. When used, CodeCases prescribe mandatory requirements in the same sense as the text of the Code. However, users are cautioned thatnot all regulators, jurisdictions, or Owners automatically accept Code Cases. The most common applications for CodeCases are as follows:(a) to permit early implementation of an approved Code revision based on an urgent need(b) to permit use of a new material for Code construction(c) to gain experience with new materials or alternative requirements prior to incorporation directly into theCode(3) Code Interpretations(a) Code Interpretations provide clarification of the meaning of existing requirements in the Code and are presented in Inquiry and Reply format. Interpretations do not introduce new requirements.(b) If existing Code text does not fully convey the meaning that was intended, or conveys conflicting requirements, and revision of the requirements is required to support the Interpretation, an Intent Interpretation will be issuedin parallel with a revision to the Code.(b) Code requirements, Code Cases, and Code Interpretations established by the Committee are not to be consideredas approving, recommending, certifying, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way thefreedom of manufacturers, constructors, or Owners to choose any method of design or any form of construction thatconforms to the Code requirements.(c) Inquiries that do not comply with the following guidance or that do not provide sufficient information for the Committee’s full understanding may result in the request being returned to the Inquirer with no action.
ASME BPVC.V-2019 SECTION V 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code N on de st ruct iv e Exa a t ion `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Certification Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. Use of ASME’s name or logos or of the ASME Single Certification Mark requires formal ASME certification; if no certification program is available, such ASME markings may not be used. (For Certification and Accreditation Programs, see https://www.asme.org/shop/certification‐accreditation.) Items produced by parties not formally possessing an ASME Certificate may not be described, either explicitly or implicitly, as ASME certified or approved in any code forms or other document. `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT AN INTERNATIONAL CODE 2019 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 2019 Edition July 1, 2019 V NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee on Nondestructive Examination Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`, Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Date of Issuance: July 1, 2019 This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not “approve," "certify," “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard ASME Collective Membership Mark ASME Single Certification Mark "ASME" and the above ASME symbols are registered trademarks of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers The Specifications published and copyrighted by the American Society for Testing and Materials are reproduced with the Society’s permission `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934 Printed in the United States of America Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2019 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2019 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Sections Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Personnel ASTM Personnel Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Subsection A `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Article T-110 T-120 T-130 T-150 T-160 T-170 T-180 T-190 xxv xxvii xxix xxix xxx xxxiii lv lvi lxi lxv Nondestructive Methods of Examination General Requirements Scope General Equipment Procedure Calibration Examinations and Inspections Evaluation Records/Documentation 1 2 3 3 Mandatory Appendix I I-110 I-120 I-130 Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination Scope General Requirements UT — Ultrasonics 5 24 Mandatory Appendix II II-110 II-120 Supplemental Personnel Qualification Requirements for NDE Certification Scope General Requirements 25 25 25 Mandatory Appendix II Supplement A 28 Mandatory Appendix III Exceptions and Additional Requirements for Use of ASNT SNT-TC-1A 2016 Edition 30 Mandatory Appendix IV Exceptions to ASNT/ANSI CP-189 2016 Edition 35 Nonmandatory Appendix A A-110 Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method Scope 37 37 Radiographic Examination Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 39 39 39 40 41 41 46 47 Article T-210 T-220 T-230 T-260 T-270 T-280 T-290 iii Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Mandatory Appendix I I-210 I-220 I-260 I-270 In-Motion Radiography Scope General Requirements Calibration Examination 48 48 48 48 48 Mandatory Appendix II II-210 II-220 II-230 II-260 II-270 II-280 II-290 Real-Time Radioscopic Examination Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 Mandatory Appendix III Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for and Radioscopy Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Image Acquisition and Storage Calibration Evaluation Documentation Radiography 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 53 Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and Radioscopic Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital Image Acquisition and Display Process Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Image Acquisition, Storage, and Interpretation Calibration Evaluation Documentation 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 55 VI-210 VI-220 VI-230 VI-240 VI-250 VI-260 VI-270 VI-280 VI-290 Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage of Digital Images of Radiographic Film for Nuclear Applications Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials System Performance Requirements Technique Demonstration of System Performance Examination Evaluation Documentation 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 58 58 58 Mandatory Appendix VI VI-A-210 VI-A-220 VI-A-230 VI-A-240 Supplement A Scope General Equipment and Materials Miscellaneous Requirements 59 59 59 59 59 Mandatory Appendix VII VII-210 VII-220 VII-270 VII-280 Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings Scope General Requirements Examination Evaluation 62 62 62 62 62 III-210 III-220 III-230 III-250 III-260 III-280 III-290 Mandatory Appendix IV `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - IV-210 IV-220 IV-230 IV-250 IV-260 IV-280 IV-290 Mandatory Appendix VI iv Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT VII-290 Documentation 62 Mandatory Appendix VIII VIII-210 VIII-220 VIII-230 VIII-260 VIII-270 VIII-280 VIII-290 Radiography Using Phosphor Imaging Plate Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 65 Mandatory Appendix VIII VIII-A-210 VIII-A-220 VIII-A-230 VIII-A-240 Supplement A Scope General Equipment and Materials Miscellaneous Requirements 66 66 66 66 66 Mandatory Appendix IX IX-210 IX-220 IX-230 IX-260 IX-270 IX-280 IX-290 Radiography Using Digital Detector Systems Scope General Requirements Equipment and Materials Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 68 68 68 68 68 69 70 71 Mandatory Appendix IX IX-A-210 IX-A-220 IX-A-230 IX-A-240 Supplement A Scope General Equipment and Materials Miscellaneous Requirements 72 72 72 72 72 Nonmandatory Appendix A A-210 Recommended Radiographic Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube Welds Scope 73 73 Nonmandatory Appendix C C-210 Hole-Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds Scope 76 76 Nonmandatory Appendix D D-210 Number of IQIs (Special Cases) Scope 81 81 Article T-410 T-420 T-430 T-440 T-450 T-460 T-470 T-480 T-490 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements Techniques Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 84 84 84 84 95 95 95 98 100 100 Mandatory Appendix I I-410 I-440 Screen Height Linearity Scope Miscellaneous Requirements 102 102 102 Mandatory Appendix II II-410 II-440 Amplitude Control Linearity Scope Miscellaneous Requirements 103 103 103 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS v Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Mandatory Appendix III III-410 III-420 III-430 III-460 III-470 III-480 III-490 Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique Scope General Equipment Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 104 104 104 104 106 107 108 108 Mandatory Appendix IV Phased Array Manual Raster Examination Techniques Using Linear Arrays Scope General Scan Plan Calibration Documentation 109 109 109 109 109 109 Phased Array E-Scan and S-Scan Linear Scanning Examination Techniques Scope General Calibration Examination Documentation IV-410 IV-420 IV-422 IV-460 IV-490 Mandatory Appendix V 111 111 111 111 111 113 Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Workmanship-Based Acceptance Criteria Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 114 114 114 114 114 115 115 115 115 Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Fracture-MechanicsBased Acceptance Criteria Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 116 116 116 116 117 117 117 117 118 IX-410 IX-420 IX-430 IX-440 IX-480 IX-490 Procedure Qualification Requirements for Flaw Sizing and Categorization Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements Evaluation Documentation 119 119 119 119 119 120 120 Mandatory Appendix X X-410 X-420 Ultrasonic Examination of High Density Polyethylene Scope General 121 121 121 V-410 V-420 V-460 V-470 V-490 Mandatory Appendix VII VII-410 VII-420 VII-430 VII-440 VII-460 VII-470 VII-480 VII-490 Mandatory Appendix VIII VIII-410 VIII-420 VIII-430 VIII-440 VIII-460 VIII-470 VIII-480 VIII-490 Mandatory Appendix IX `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,, Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS vi Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - X-430 X-460 X-470 X-490 Equipment Calibration Examination Documentation 121 122 123 123 Mandatory Appendix XI XI-410 XI-420 XI-430 XI-450 XI-460 XI-470 XI-480 XI-490 Full Matrix Capture Scope General Equipment Techniques Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 124 124 124 124 125 125 128 128 129 Nonmandatory Appendix A A-410 A-440 Layout of Vessel Reference Points Scope Miscellaneous Requirements 130 130 130 Nonmandatory Appendix B B-410 B-460 General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations Scope Calibration 131 131 131 Nonmandatory Appendix C C-410 C-460 General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations Scope Calibration 137 137 137 Nonmandatory Appendix D D-410 D-420 D-470 D-490 Examples of Recording Angle Beam Examination Data Scope General Examination Requirements Documentation 139 139 139 139 139 Nonmandatory Appendix E E-410 E-420 E-460 E-470 Computerized Imaging Techniques Scope General Calibration Examination 142 142 142 142 142 Nonmandatory Appendix F F-410 F-420 F-430 F-440 F-450 F-460 F-470 F-480 Examination of Welds Using Full Matrix Capture Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Techniques Calibration Examination Evaluation 148 148 148 148 149 149 150 152 155 Nonmandatory Appendix G G-410 G-460 Alternate Calibration Block Configuration Scope Calibration 156 156 156 Nonmandatory Appendix I I-410 I-470 Examination of Welds Using Angle Beam Search Units Scope Examination 159 159 159 Nonmandatory Appendix J J-410 J-430 Alternative Basic Calibration Block Scope Equipment 160 160 160 vii Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Nonmandatory Appendix K K-410 K-470 K-490 Recording Straight Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors Scope Examination Records/Documentation 163 163 163 163 Nonmandatory Appendix L TOFD Sizing Demonstration/Dual Probe — Computer Imaging Technique Scope General Equipment Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 166 M-410 M-460 General Techniques for Angle Beam Longitudinal Wave Calibrations Scope Calibration 167 167 167 Nonmandatory Appendix N N-410 N-420 N-450 N-480 Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Interpretation Scope General Procedure Evaluation 170 170 170 172 173 Nonmandatory Appendix O O-410 O-430 O-470 Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique — General Examination Configurations Scope Equipment Examination 190 190 190 190 Nonmandatory Appendix P P-410 P-420 P-450 P-480 Phased Array (PAUT) Interpretation Scope General Procedure Evaluation 193 193 193 193 193 Nonmandatory Appendix Q Q-410 Q-420 Example of a Split DAC Curve Scope General 202 202 202 Nonmandatory Appendix R Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Restricted Access Weld Examinations Scope General Equipment 204 204 204 204 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials Scope General Equipment Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation 207 207 207 207 208 210 211 211 Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves Scope Equipment 213 213 213 L-410 L-420 L-430 L-460 L-470 L-480 L-490 Nonmandatory Appendix M R-410 R-420 R-430 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Article T-510 T-520 T-530 T-560 T-570 T-580 T-590 Mandatory Appendix I I-510 I-530 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS viii Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 8.3.3 GWT is most effective for testing long lengths of pipe However, short radius elbows distort GWT signals, making interpretation of signals obtained at distances beyond the elbow difficult Where possible, it is good practice to exclude from evaluation sections of pipe immediately after elbows In any case, no signals after two elbows should be analyzed It is sometimes better to take additional data at different locations than interpreting a signal beyond multiple features or those with complicated geometries Consider taking a second reading at a second test location (as recommended by the manufacturer) for confirmation of features and false echo identification 8.3.4 Visual Inspection—Visually inspect the pipe where possible for potential damage areas or corrosion, such as the support areas, if possible defect indications are found in the GWT result 8.3.5 Surface Temperature—Verify that the surface temperature of the pipe to be tested is within the manufacturer’s specifications for the equipment 8.3.6 Thickness Check—Before mounting the transduction device, verify that there is no degradation in the pipe wall thickness at the test location As a minimum requirement, thickness measurements at no less than four equally spaced positions around the pipe should be made using an appropriate thickness measuring instrument and procedure Some agencies may also require thickness measurement of the entire dead zone It is important to note that attaching the transduction device at locations with very severe corrosion may cause further damage to the pipe if a mechanical force system is used for coupling 7.1.1 Transduction Device Transmitter—A transduction system using the magnetostrictive effect for the generation of guided wave modes with axial propagation on cylindrical pipes 7.1.2 Transduction Device Receiver—A system for the detection of the signal reflected by the geometric features on the pipe, which can be the same as the transmitter or an analogous transduction system 7.1.3 Instrumentation—The GWT instrumentation shall be capable of generating, receiving and amplifying electrical pulses within the frequency range used by GWT Additionally, it shall be capable of communicating with a computer so that collected data can be processed and recorded 7.1.4 Processing System—This is a software interface for processing and analyzing the signal, capable of distinguishing at least one guided wave mode for the specific detection system Examination Procedure 8.1 It is important to ensure that the proposed inspection falls within the capabilities of the technology and equipment and that the using party or parties understand the capabilities and limitations as it applies to their inspection 8.2 Pre-examination Preparation: 8.2.1 All test equipment shall have current and valid calibration certificates 8.2.2 Follow the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations with regard to equipment pre-test verification and check list As a minimum this check list should include but is not limited to: 8.2.2.1 Electronics fully operational 8.2.2.2 Verification that interconnection cables are in good condition and functioning correctly 8.2.2.3 Correct transduction device size for the intended pipes 8.2.2.4 The transduction device is functioning correctly 8.2.2.5 Any computer used with the system is functioning correctly and has sufficient storage capacity for the intended work scope 8.2.2.6 Supplementary equipment, such as an ultrasonic flaw detector or specialized pit gauges are available and functioning correctly 8.2.2.7 All necessary accessories such as tape-measure and markers are available 8.2.3 Ensure all site safety requirements and procedures are reviewed and understood prior to starting any field work 8.4 Transduction Device—The transduction device should be attached to the pipe using proper coupling methods 8.5 Couplant—Good coupling is obtained by simply applying sufficient mechanical force on the transduction device or by the use of epoxy bonding or shear wave couplant on the transduction device in lieu of mechanical force devices 8.6 Choosing Test Location—After completing the examination site preparation outlined in 8.3, attach the transduction device to the pipe The test location should be chosen so as to minimize false echoes Avoid placing the transduction device near a feature as the corresponding signal may appear within the dead zone In the dead zone, no echoes are received, as a practice, a minimum of 0.13 m (0.4 ft) should be used to the first area of inspection Features such as welds which are used for the DAC curves or TCG correction fitting, should be outside the dead zone to ensure valid amplitude Additionally, transduction devices should not be positioned equidistant between two features to avoid masking of the mirror echoes, if any 8.3 Examination Site Preparation: 8.3.1 Pipe Surface Condition—To obtain the best coupling condition, the surface shall be clean and free of any loose paint, dirt, oxidation, or any foreign substance that may interfere in energy transmission Wire brushing or sanding, or both, are usually sufficient to prepare the surface if it is safe and permitted to so 8.3.2 Insulation—If the pipe is insulated, carefully remove an amount of insulation for mounting the magnetostrictive transduction device to the pipe (a minimum of 0.3 m (1 ft) Prior to removing the insulating material ensure it is safe and permissible to so 8.7 Attaching the Transduction Device—When attaching the transduction device, it is important to ensure that the FeCo flat strip is in good contact with the pipe and that the transduction device is mounted parallel to the circumference of the pipe Further, it is important to apply the appropriate air pressure, clamp torque settings (if dry coupling is used), or bonding or shear wave couplant as specified in the manufacturer’s operating manual for proper installation of the transduction device 909 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 ASME BPVC.V-2019 8.12.3 False Echo (False Signals)—Signals other than from a real feature Care should be taken to minimize the potential for false signals to interfere with the interpretation of the data The most common sources of false echoes are: 8.12.3.1 Reverberations—Multiple reflections either between two large features along the pipe, or between the two ends of a long feature Echoes caused by reverberations typically have small amplitudes 8.12.3.2 Mirrors—Occurs due to insufficient control of the propagation direction of the guided wave The mirror echo appears at the same distance from transduction device, but the opposite direction, as the real reflection 8.12.3.3 Modal Noise—Occurs when the transduction device is unable to control all the wave modes propagating in the pipe Even though the magnetostrictive transduction device generates mostly torsional waves, reflectors in the pipe can generate various guided wave modes; therefore, some modal noise exists in the received waveform 8.8 Directionality and Orientation—The reported directionality and orientation of the features depend on the way the transduction device is installed It is good practice to keep the direction between different test locations the same, and in the direction of product flow if known To ensure the correct orientation is reported, a segmented transduction device should be attached in accordance with the GWT manufacturer’s recommendations 8.9 Reproducibility—The examination pipe should be marked with a paint marker indicating the transduction device position, direction, and date of examination This can assist, should it be necessary, to reproduce the examination in the future This information should also be included in the examination documentation 8.10 Test Location Information—The following amount of information about the test location is needed in the processing software to ensure the exact location can be identified This information to be recorded shall include the following: 8.10.1 Site Name—The name of the site, which may include the plant name, plant unit number, approximate mile marker or any relevant reference if available 8.10.2 Pipe—The pipe identification if available If not, the pipe diameter should be recorded 8.10.3 Datum—The reference feature from which the test location is measured Typical reference features used are welds and flanges 8.10.4 Distance—The distance between the datum and the center of the transduction device shall be recorded It is also important to include both positive and negative signs in front of the distance value for positive and negative direction of the ring respectively 8.13 Collection Protocol—The collection protocol varies certain collection parameters to optimize the data quality based on the pipe diameter and the expected mechanism(s) on and around the pipe Most manufacturers include a procedure for determining the optimum collection parameters automatically for a specific test condition These collection parameters include: 8.13.1 Frequency—GWT is typically performed at frequencies between approximately 10 and 250 kHz When performing a test, data should be collected with enough different frequencies so as to be able to categorize each indication 8.13.2 Bandwidth—Changing the signal bandwidth can assist in resolving the attributes of a signal A narrow bandwidth enhances the frequency dependency of a signal while a wider frequency bandwidth can improve the axial resolution of signals such as closely spaced reflections 8.13.3 Wave Mode—The GWT uses an axi-symmetric wave mode excitation which generates a torsional wave mode 8.11 Coupling Check—It is important that all transduction devices are well coupled to the pipe Prior to collecting any test data, perform a coupling test in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines 8.12 Examination Precautions—There are several precautions that need to be addressed when analyzing the collected data These include: 8.12.1 Dead Zone—The length of the dead zone is a function of the excitation frequency and the number of cycles transmitted The area is inversely related to frequency and directly related to the number of cycles In order to get a 100 % coverage of the pipe there are two options: 8.12.1.1 Inspection of the dead zone with an alternative NDT method such as ultrasonic testing 8.12.1.2 Collect additional data from another test location that provides an overlap of the previous test location Some agencies require a 20 % overlap on all data collected where possible 8.12.2 Expected Examination Range—There are several physical test conditions on or around the pipe which affect the maximum examination range that can be achieved (see Appendix X1 for more detail) There are also equipment parameters such as frequency and gain settings, which can be varied so as to optimize the test parameters for specific test conditions on or around the pipe The maximum inspection range is defined in 8.18 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-` Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 8.14 Data Collection—After installing the transduction device and performing the coupling check, the next step of the examination procedure is data collection It is important that the data recorded are sufficient and comprehensive to evaluate and interpret any signals which may be present on the pipes Choose the most appropriate collection protocol (see 8.13) and collection range to perform the initial data collection as per the equipment manufacturer’s guidelines Immediately after the data collection, it is important to review the collected data to ensure proper operation of the equipment during the test and the quality meets the required standard The data review should include an evaluation of the SNR and the transducer balance Poor SNR is usually caused by poor coupling of the magnetostrictive transduction device, poor magnetic conditioning of the magnetostrictive strip material, or high incoherent noise Should there be any significant problems observed in the data, the data should be discarded and the problem addressed 8.15 Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) or Time Corrected Gain (TCG)—As the excitation signal travels away from the transduction device, its signal amplitude decreases There are several reasons for the energy loss, including material 910 Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 8.15.3 Call DAC or threshold after application of TCG— This is the typical threshold level that is used to determine the severity of a defect if found damping, reflections at features, energy leakage, and surface conditions The DAC or TCG provides the ability to determine the signal amplitude at a point away from the transduction device This allows for determining the relative amplitude of an echo, expressed in either CSC, ECL, or reflection coefficient, at a given distance When using the magnetostrictive transduction guided wave technology, DAC or TCG gain compensation can be used When the DAC curve is used, a curve representing the attenuation as a function of distance for a given reflection amplitude is displayed on the waveform screen When TCG is used, the gain of the unit is corrected so that a given amplitude reflector has the same amplitude across the entire length of the exam, removing the effect of attenuation on the displayed amplitude If the DAC curves are set too low or the TCG is applied incorrectly, the size of possible defects may be overestimated or underestimated, and vice versa Therefore, it is vital that the DAC levels or the TCG, or both, are set correctly before interpreting the data as they provide reference CSC or reflection coefficient levels to all other signals for comparison There are four DAC curves or TCG settings that can be used in evaluating GWT reflections Most systems provide inspectors the means of manually adjusting these curves (Fig shows data with the DAC and TCG applied and Fig illustrates a signal with a DAC curve showing coherent and incoherent noise) 8.15.1 Flange DAC or TCG Setting—This is a DAC curve or TCG setting that represents the expected amplitude of a reflection from a large feature which reflects approximately a 100 % (that is, dB) of the amplitude of the excitation signal and no energy can therefore pass through 8.15.2 Weld DAC or TCG Setting—Pipe girth welds typically present 10 to 35 % CSC The amount of energy reflected at the weld is the reason why the maximum number of pipe joints that can be inspected is limited 8.16 Ambient Noise—Ambient noise causes an increase in the overall incoherent noise level Special precautions should be taken when ambient noise is higher than normal Most equipment manufacturers offer special protocols to test in high ambient noise areas 8.17 Detection Threshold (DT)—The DT of an examination is equivalent to the sensitivity, and it is typically set to dB above the background noise but it can also be manually set by the inspectors 8.18 Inspection Range—The section of pipe between the transduction device and the end of test in one direction where the sensitivity is greater than the Call level (see 8.15.3) Depending on the coverage requirements, this inspection range is often used to determine the subsequent test locations As the attenuation varies with frequency, the inspection range is normally specified for a particular frequency The inspection range is also limited by the presence of a flange, or any feature that is not within the scope of the standard 8.19 Distance Standardization—The acoustic properties of different grades of steel varies slightly, causing an offset in the reported distance of the features The software typically uses the acoustic properties of carbon steel In most cases, the distance offset is very small, and therefore, it is not necessary to perform distance standardization However, where the pipe material is not carbon steel, it is good practice to standardize distance in the software against a physical measurement prior to analyzing the data Some systems have the ability to calibrate the velocity of the material based on known locations of weld or flanges FIG Comparison of TCG data plot (Top) and its DAC curve plot (Bottom) using magnetostrictive transduction (Both results are displayed in the linear amplitude scale) 911 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 ASME BPVC.V-2019 FIG MsS data plot showing a DAC curve and signals from welds and coherent and incoherent noise shape of the signal for an axially short feature, such as welds, remain unchanged as the frequency is changed However, if the axial length is long, such as a corrosion patch, multiple signals are generated within the feature, causing interference that changes with frequencies; therefore, both amplitude and shape typically change with frequencies for axially long features Additionally, the amplitude of features causing a change in stiffness, such as contact supports, is also generally frequency dependent 8.20.1.4 Phase—As the signal amplitude can be caused by either an increase or a decrease in CSC, the phase information provides a way to determine the difference between them For example, a weld which is an increase in CSC would have a different phase to that of a defect, which is a decrease in CSC When evaluating the change in phase with respect to other reflectors, the intent is not to determine the actual phase of each reflection signal but instead determine which of the reflectors can be grouped into similar responses The phase information is only accurate when the SNR is good, therefore, this tool is not normally used alone 8.20.1.5 Attenuation Changes—When there is a change on the expected attenuation pattern, it indicates there is a change in the pipe condition Be it caused by general corrosion or internal deposit, further investigation is usually required to determine the source `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 8.20 Data Review—The initial review of the data is to separate data into relevant, non-relevant signals and indications Data review is a process that each specific GWT system manufacturer provides detailed training in how to use their data review or data analysis software 8.20.1 Signal Interpretation—Interpretation of GWT signals is the difficult part of this method A number of tools are available to help analyzing and distinguishing signals between various features, and these tools include: 8.20.1.1 Shape of Reflected Signal—The shape provides information on the axial length of a feature An irregular reflection is typically associated with a feature that extends along the pipe such as a corrosion patch, whereas a short uniform reflection would indicate a short reflector such as a weld 8.20.1.2 Amplitude—The signal amplitude is indicated by the relative signal amplitude of the axi-symmetric wave, in terms of CSC or reflection coefficient The shape of the signal also affects the amplitude to some extent because of the interference of reflections and scattering within the discontinuity boundaries For a defect, the amplitude correlates to the percentage of cross-section loss of the defect at that particular position 8.20.1.3 Behavior at Different Frequencies—Additional information can be obtained by observing the signal response of certain features at different frequencies The amplitude and the 912 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 to overcall; while if the call level is set too high, inspectors are likely to under-call It is important that the call level set reflects the detection requirements which should be agreed between parties beforehand 8.20.6 Severity Classification Use and Significance— Assigning a severity classification should be used for reference, classification of indications and setting priorities for follow-up inspection The categories are usually assigned based on criteria described in 8.20.1.1, as shown in Table It is, therefore, important that the call DAC level percentage or similar detection sensitivity requirement is specified in the contractual agreement which reflects the requirements of the industry The GWT does not provide information regarding the remaining wall thickness or nature of the damage This information can only be obtained as a result of follow-up inspection with other NDE methods on the areas where relevant indications associated with defects have been identified GWT is a method for detection and classification of damage, and their result shall be treated as qualitative only Report 9.1 The test report shall document the results of the inspection It must have all information to be able to reproduce the test at a future date if desired Most, if not all, of the items detailed in 8.10 should be included Additionally, all observations obtained from visual inspection, thickness measurements with UT, and other pertinent information that is deemed as having an effect on the quality, or characteristics, or both, of the data or results should be recorded and included in the final report All relevant and non-relevant indications identified during the examination should be included with a classification provided those reflections deemed to be associated with defects All results from follow-up inspection with other NDE methods shall be included in the report if available 10 Keywords 10.1 guided wave testing; guided waves; magnetostrictive transduction; NDT of pipes; pipeline inspection TABLE Severity Classification of Indications Observed with the Guided Waves Generated Using Magnetostrictive Transduction Assuming the noise floor is approximately % CSC Minor indication is Medium indication is 2-4 % CSC 5-10 % CSC Assuming the noise floor is greater than % CSC Minor indication cannot Medium indication is be identified 5-10 % CSC Major indication > 10 % CSC Major indication > 10 % CSC `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 8.20.1.6 DAC and TCG Fittings—The DAC curves and TCG are set typically using at least two reference reflectors, as shown in Fig 2, commonly welds or features with a known approximately CSC or reflection coefficient value For this reason, it is imperative to be able to identify the signals corresponding to the reference reflectors either by the signal characteristics or visually Note that attenuation in GWT is heavily frequency dependent; therefore, DAC curves are usually set at all collected frequencies in the data An illustration of the DAC fitting can be found in Appendix X2 8.20.2 Relevant Signals—Relevant signals are generated by physical fittings of the pipe, which include, but are not limited to, features such as welds, flanges, valves, elbows, T-pieces, supports, and diameter changes These features are identified both by the signal characteristics and visually, when possible, as to their positions on the pipe It is important to correlate the guided wave indications with the visual observations of the pipe These indications should be noted in the software of the GWT test equipment See Annex A1 for guidelines in determining reflector characteristics 8.20.3 Non-Relevant Indications—Non-relevant signals are those associated with noise, false echoes and other non-useable information The following may be used to help identify the non-relevant indications: 8.20.3.1 Mirrors—If the system displays a large feature in one direction and a small feature at the equal distance in the opposite direction from the test location, there is a high possibility that the smaller indication is a mirror echo The most effective way to deal with mirror echoes is to move the transduction device approximately 0.6 m (2 ft) and repeat the test This causes the mirror echoes to move or disappear as the test position changes 8.20.3.2 Reverberations—This usually occurs when the transduction device is between two larger reflectors The reverberation echo typically appears as a small indication past the first feature Most of the GWT systems have software that helps analyze the presence of reverberations If reverberation is confirmed, move the transduction device to a location outside of the two reverberating features and perform additional examinations to obtain inspection results 8.20.4 Indications—All other indications should be considered unclassified and further analysis should be performed on each one to determine their source and orientation 8.20.5 Classification of Data—For the magnetostrictive transduction system the classification is determined based on the reflection coefficient, and their relationships with the call DAC level If the call level is set too low, inspectors are likely ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 913 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 ASME BPVC.V-2019 ANNEX (Mandatory Information) A1 REFLECTOR CHARACTERISTICS A1.1 See Table A1.1 TABLE A1.1 Reflector Characteristics Feature Flange Visual Likely visible Amplitude Typically the highest Medium Weld May be visible if not insulated Elbow Likely visible Medium Valve/Drain Likely visible Medium Shape Irregular Frequency Inconsistent Symmetry Symmetric Phase N/A Clean, uniform, single echo Symmetric Same as all welds 1st Weld: Clean, uniform 2nd Weld: Mostly uniform Consistent across wide range 1st Weld: Consistent 2nd Weld: Inconsistent 1st Weld: Symmetric 2nd Weld: Nonsymmetric N/A Small size: Uniform Small size: Consistent Non-symmetric N/A Large size: Inconsistent Inconsistent Non-symmetric N/A Orientation Fully circumferential Fully circumferential 1st Weld: Fully circumferential 2nd Weld: Depending on elbow direction Either top or bottom of the pipe T-piece Likely visible Medium Large size: Irregular Irregular Reducer May be visible if not insulated Support likely visible Support likely visible Likely visible Medium Irregular Inconsistent Symmetric N/A Low Clean, uniform, single echo Irregular Inconsistent Non-symmetric N/A Partial circumferential Fully circumferential Bottom Inconsistent Non-symmetric N/A Bottom Medium Inconsistent Symmetric N/A Likely visible Medium Clean, uniform, single echo Irregular Inconsistent Non-symmetric N/A Fully circumferential Bottom Likely visible Medium Irregular Inconsistent Non-symmetric N/A Bottom Short contact Long contact Short Clamp support Axial support (welded) Saddle support Low APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1 ATTENTUATION X1.1 Attenuation is the signal loss as it propagates along a structure The loss can be caused by a combination of factors— dissipation, mode conversion, scattering due to surface roughness, absorption into other mediums and others The rate of signal decay is the factor which determines the maximum test range for any given set up X1.2 Attenuation Rate—Attenuation rate is typically speci- fied in loss per rate of distance traveled This would be expressed as dB/m Occasionally, if different frequencies have significantly different attenuation rates, it may be expressed as either dB/kHz or dB/kHz-m X1.3 Typical attenuation rates and average test range in each direction for different test pipe configurations are found in Table X1.1 914 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 ARTICLE 33, SE-2929 TABLE X1.1 Typical Attenuation Rates and Average Test Range in Each Direction for Different Test Pipe Configurations Test Condition Clean, Straight Pipe Clean, Wool Insulated Insignificant/Minor Corrosion Significant Corrosion Kevlar Wrapped Spun Epoxy Coating Well Packed Earth Thin (2.5mm), Soft Bitumen Tape Well Bonded Concrete Wall Grout Lined Pipe Loosely Bonded Concrete Wall Typical Attenuation, dB/m (dB/ft) -0.15 to -0.5 (-0.046 to -0.17) -0.17 to -0.75 (-0.052 to -0.23) -0.5 to -1.5 (-0.152 to -0.457) -1 to -2 (-0.305 to -0.61) -0.15 to -1 (-0.046 to -0.305) -0.75 to -1 (-0.23 to -0.305) -1 to -2 (-0.305 to -0.61) -1.25 to -6 (-0.381 to -1.83) -4 to -16 (-1.22 to -4.88) -16 to -32 (-4.88 to 9.76) -1 to -3 (-0.305 to 0.91) -4 to -16 (-1.22 to -4.88) Typical Range of Test, m (ft) 50 to 200 (164 to 656) 40 to 175 (131 to 574 ft) 20 to 50 (65.6 to 164) 15 to 30 (49.2 to 98.4) 30 to 200 (98.4 to 656) 30 to 50 (98.4 to 164) 15 to 30 (49.2 to 98.4) to 25 (16.4 to 82) to (6.56 to 26.24) to (3.28 to 6.56) 10 to 30 (32.8 to 98.4) to (6.56 to 26.24) `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - X2 TYPICAL DISPLAY OF THE LINEAR AMPLITUDE VERSUS DISTANCE GWT DISPLAY USING MAGNETOSTRICTIVE TRANSDUCTION WITH SEGMENTED RECEIVERS X2.1 See Fig X2.1 FIG X2.1 Typical Display of the Linear Amplitude Versus Distance and B-scan Image for the Magnetostrictive Transduction GWT when Using Segmented Receivers 915 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 MANDATORY APPENDIX II STANDARD UNITS FOR USE IN EQUATIONS Table II-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations Quantity Linear dimensions (e.g., length, height, thickness, radius, diameter) Area Volume Section modulus Moment of inertia of section Mass (weight) Force (load) Bending moment Pressure, stress, stress intensity, and modulus of elasticity Energy (e.g., Charpy impact values) Temperature Absolute temperature Fracture toughness Angle Boiler capacity U.S Customary Units inches (in.) square inches (in.2) cubic inches (in.3) cubic inches (in.3) inches4 (in.4) pounds mass (lbm) pounds force (lbf) inch‐pounds (in.‐lb) pounds per square inch (psi) foot‐pounds (ft‐lb) degrees Fahrenheit (°F) Rankine (°R) ksi square root inches (ksi degrees or radians Btu/hr SI Units millimeters (mm) square millimeters (mm2) cubic millimeters (mm3) cubic millimeters (mm3) millimeters4 (mm4) kilograms (kg) newtons (N) newton‐millimeters (N·mm) megapascals (MPa) joules (J) degrees Celsius (°C) kelvin (K) ) MPa square root meters ( degrees or radians watts (W) `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 916 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ) ASME BPVC.V-2019 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF U.S CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN THE ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE A-1 USE OF UNITS IN EQUATIONS were included in the SI equivalent if there was any question The values of allowable stress in Section II, Part D generally include three significant figures (e) Minimum thickness and radius values that are expressed in fractions of an inch were generally converted according to the following table: The equations in this Section are suitable for use with either the U.S Customary or the SI units provided in Mandatory Appendix II, or with the units provided in the nomenclatures associated with the equations It is the responsibility of the individual and organization performing the calculations to ensure that appropriate units are used Either U.S Customary or SI units may be used as a consistent set When necessary to convert from one system of units to another, the units shall be converted to at least three significant figures for use in calculations and other aspects of construction A-2 Fraction, in Proposed SI Conversion, mm /32 /64 /16 /32 /8 /32 /16 /32 /4 /16 /8 /16 /2 /16 /8 11 /16 /4 /8 The following guidelines were used to develop SI equivalents: (a) SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary units in the text (b) In general, separate SI tables are provided if interpolation is expected The table designation (e.g., table number) is the same for both the U.S Customary and SI tables, with the addition of suffix “M” to the designator for the SI table, if a separate table is provided In the text, references to a table use only the primary table number (i.e., without the “M”) For some small tables, where interpolation is not required, SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary unit (c) Separate SI versions of graphical information (charts) are provided, except that if both axes are dimensionless, a single figure (chart) is used (d) In most cases, conversions of units in the text were done using hard SI conversion practices, with some soft conversions on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate This was implemented by rounding the SI values to the number of significant figures of implied precision in the existing U.S Customary units For example, 3,000 psi has an implied precision of one significant figure Therefore, the conversion to SI units would typically be to 20000 kPa This is a difference of about 3% from the “exact” or soft conversion of 20684.27 kPa However, the precision of the conversion was determined by the Committee on a case-by-case basis More significant digits (f) For nominal sizes that are in even increments of inches, even multiples of 25 mm were generally used Intermediate values were interpolated rather than converting and rounding to the nearest millimeter See examples in the following table [Note that this table does not apply to nominal pipe sizes (NPS), which are covered below.] Size, in 11/8 11/4 11/2 21/4 21/2 31/2 41/2 917 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS −0.8 −0.8 5.5 −5.0 5.5 −0.8 −5.0 1.0 5.5 −0.8 −5.0 1.0 −2.4 2.0 −0.8 2.6 0.3 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.5 5.5 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 22 25 GUIDELINES USED TO DEVELOP SI EQUIVALENTS Difference, % Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Size, mm 25 29 32 38 50 57 64 75 89 100 114 125 150 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - ð19Þ ASME BPVC.V-2019 (i) Volumes in cubic inches (in.3) were converted to cubic millimeters (mm3) and volumes in cubic feet (ft3 ) were converted to cubic meters (m3) See examples in the following table: Table continued Size, mm 12 18 20 24 36 40 54 60 72 1 1 200 300 450 500 600 900 000 350 500 800 Size or Length, ft Size or Length, m 200 1.5 60 Volume (U.S Customary) in.3 in.3 10 in.3 ft3 NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS /8 /4 /8 /2 /4 11/4 11/2 21/2 31/2 10 12 14 16 18 SI Practice DN DN DN 10 DN 15 DN 20 DN 25 DN 32 DN 40 DN 50 DN 65 DN 80 DN 90 DN 100 DN 125 DN 150 DN 200 DN 250 DN 300 DN 350 DN 400 DN 450 U.S Customary Practice NPS 20 NPS 22 NPS 24 NPS 26 NPS 28 NPS 30 NPS 32 NPS 34 NPS 36 NPS 38 NPS 40 NPS 42 NPS 44 NPS 46 NPS 48 NPS 50 NPS 52 NPS 54 NPS 56 NPS 58 NPS 60 SI Practice DN 500 DN 550 DN 600 DN 650 DN 700 DN 750 DN 800 DN 850 DN 900 DN 950 DN 1000 DN 1050 DN 1100 DN 1150 DN 1200 DN 1250 DN 1300 DN 1350 DN 1400 DN 1450 DN 1500 Area (SI) in.2 in.2 10 in.2 ft2 650 mm2 000 mm2 500 mm2 0.5 m2 Pressure (U.S Customary) Pressure (SI) 0.5 psi psi psi 10 psi 14.7 psi 15 psi 30 psi 50 psi 100 psi 150 psi 200 psi 250 psi 300 psi 350 psi 400 psi 500 psi 600 psi 1,200 psi 1,500 psi kPa 15 kPa 20 kPa 70 kPa 101 kPa 100 kPa 200 kPa 350 kPa 700 kPa MPa 1.5 MPa 1.7 MPa MPa 2.5 MPa MPa 3.5 MPa MPa MPa 10 MPa Strength (U.S Customary) Strength (SI) 95,000 psi 655 MPa (l) In most cases, temperatures (e.g., for PWHT) were rounded to the nearest 5°C Depending on the implied precision of the temperature, some were rounded to the nearest 1°C or 10°C or even 25°C Temperatures colder than 0°F (negative values) were generally rounded to 918 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS mm3 mm3 mm3 m3 (k) Material properties that are expressed in psi or ksi (e.g., allowable stress, yield and tensile strength, elastic modulus) were generally converted to MPa to three significant figures See example in the following table: (h) Areas in square inches (in ) were converted to square millimeters (mm2) and areas in square feet (ft2) were converted to square meters (m2) See examples in the following table: Area (U.S Customary) 16 000 100 000 160 000 0.14 (j) Although the pressure should always be in MPa for calculations, there are cases where other units are used in the text For example, kPa is used for small pressures Also, rounding was to one significant figure (two at the most) in most cases See examples in the following table (Note that 14.7 psi converts to 101 kPa, while 15 psi converts to 100 kPa While this may seem at first glance to be an anomaly, it is consistent with the rounding philosophy.) (g) For nominal pipe sizes, the following relationships were used: U.S Customary Practice Volume (SI) Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Size, in ASME BPVC.V-2019 A-3 the nearest 1°C The examples in the table below were created by rounding to the nearest 5°C, with one exception: Temperature, °F Temperature, °C 70 100 120 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 925 950 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,050 20 38 50 65 95 120 150 175 205 230 260 290 315 345 370 400 425 455 480 495 510 540 565 595 620 650 675 980 040 095 120 `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS SOFT CONVERSION FACTORS The following table of “soft” conversion factors is provided for convenience Multiply the U.S Customary value by the factor given to obtain the SI value Similarly, divide the SI value by the factor given to obtain the U.S Customary value In most cases it is appropriate to round the answer to three significant figures U.S Customary SI Factor in ft in.2 ft2 in.3 ft3 U.S gal U.S gal psi mm m mm2 m2 mm3 m3 m3 liters MPa (N/mm2) 25.4 0.3048 645.16 0.09290304 16,387.064 0.02831685 0.003785412 3.785412 0.0068948 psi kPa 6.894757 psi ft‐lb °F bar J °C 0.06894757 1.355818 /9 × (°F − 32) °F °C °R K lbm lbf in.‐lb kg N N·mm 0.4535924 4.448222 112.98484 ft‐lb ksi Btu/hr N·m MPa 1.3558181 1.0988434 W 0.2930711 lb/ft3 kg/m3 16.018463 /9 /9 919 Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT Notes Used exclusively in equations Used only in text and for nameplate Not for temperature difference For temperature differences only Absolute temperature Use exclusively in equations Use only in text Use for boiler rating and heat transfer INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,` Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT ASME BPVC.V-2019 ENDNOTES For example, reference to T-270 includes all the rules contained in T-271 through T-277.3 For example, T-233 requires that Image Quality Indicators be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternatives allowed in SE-747 or SE-1025, and Appendices, as appropriate for the style of IQI to be used These are the only parts of either SE-747 or SE-1025 that are mandatory in Article SNT-TC-1A, “Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing;” and ANSI/ASNT CP-189, “ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel;” and ANSI/ASNT CP-105, “ASNT Standard for Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel;” published by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518 In this Code Section, the term “organization” is used generically throughout to refer to a Manufacturer, Fabricator, Installer, Assembler, or other entity responsible for complying with the requirements of this Section in the performance of nondestructive examinations Sketches showing suggested source, film, and IQI placements for pipe or tube welds are illustrated in Article 2, Nonmandatory Appendix A Refer to Article 2, Nonmandatory Appendix D for additional guidance Sample layout and technique details are illustrated in SE-1030, Appendix (Nonmandatory Information) X1, Fig X1.1, Radiographic Standard Shooting Sketch (RSS) See paragraph T-465, Calibration for Cladding 10 When the Referencing Code Section requires the detection and evaluation of all indications exceeding 20% DAC, the gain should be increased an additional amount so that no calibration reflector indication is less than 40% FSH As an alternate, the scanning sensitivity level may be set at 14 dB higher than the reference level gain setting (This additional gain makes the reference DAC curve a 20% DAC curve so that indications exceeding 20% DAC may be easily identified and evaluated.) 11 A flaw need not be surface breaking to be categorized as a surface flaw 12 The methodology contained in Article 4, Mandatory Appendix IX is intended for new construction controlled by the referencing Code Sections When the User specifies Article 4, Mandatory Appendix IX for other uses such as postconstruction examinations, they should consider specifying more than the minimum required three flaws in the qualification weld, requiring specific service-induced flaws, or possibly specifying an Article 14 high rigor type qualification 13 Reflections from concentric cylindrical surfaces such as provided by some IIW blocks and the AWS distance calibration block may be used to adjust delay zero and sweep range for metal path calibration 14 Range has been replaced on many new instruments with velocity 15 The balance of the calibrations in Article 4, Nonmandatory Appendix B is written based upon the use of the indexing strip However, the procedures may be transformed for other methods of measurements at the discretion of the examiner 16 When manually positioning the search unit, a straightedge may be used to guide the search unit while moving to the right and left to assure that axial positioning and beam alignment are maintained 17 Calibration by beam path measurement may be used by range control positioning by the block back reflection to the sweep division number (or multiple) equal to the measured thickness The 1/4T SDH indication must be delay control positioned to 1/4 of the sweep division number 921 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - See paragraph T-473 for cladding techniques ASME BPVC.V-2019 18 Instead of drawing a 20% DAC or 20% reference level on the instrument’s screen, the gain may be increased 14 dB to make the reference level DAC curve the 20% DAC curve or 20% of the reference level 19 The examples shown in Nonmandatory Appendix P are not necessarily typical of all defects due to differences in shape, size, defect orientation, roughness, etc 20 “Bolting” as used in Article is an all-inclusive term for any type of threaded fastener that may be used in a pressure boundary bolted flange joint assembly such as a bolt, stud, studbolt, cap screw, etc 21 The qualification test of Mandatory Appendix IV may be performed by the User, the alternative wavelength light source manufacturer, or the magnetic particle manufacturer 22 System background noise For definition of symbols, see Nonmandatory Appendix A `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 922 Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code AN INTERNATIONAL CODE Since its first issuance in 1914, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) has been a flagship for modern international standards development Each new edition reaffirms ASME’s commitment to enhance public safety and encourage technological advancement to meet the needs of a changing world Sections of the BPVC have been incorporated into law in the United States and Canada, and are used in more than 100 countries The BPVC has long been considered essential within the electric power generation, petrochemical, and transportation industries, among others ASME also provides BPVC users with integrated suites of related offerings, including • referenced standards • related standards and guidelines • conformity assessment programs • personnel certification programs • learning and development solutions • ASME Press books and journals You gain unrivaled insight direct from the BPVC source, along with the professional quality and real-world For additional information and to order: Phone: 1.800.THE.ASME (1.800.843.2763) Email: customercare@asme.org Website: go.asme.org/bpvc Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:29:23 MDT `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - solutions you have come to expect from ASME ... 272 V- 810 V- 820 V- 830 V- 850 V- 860 V- 870 V- 880 V- 890 Mandatory Appendix VI VI-810 VI-820 VI-830 VI-850 VI-860 VI-870 VI-880 VI-890 Mandatory Appendix VII VII-810 VII-820 VII-830 VII-850 VII-860 VII-870... 121 V- 410 V- 420 V- 460 V- 470 V- 490 Mandatory Appendix VII VII-410 VII-420 VII-430 VII-440 VII-460 VII-470 VII-480 VII-490 Mandatory Appendix VIII VIII-410 VIII-420 VIII-430 VIII-440 VIII-460 VIII-470... `,``,``,,`,`,,````,`,``,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - IV-210 IV-220 IV-230 IV-250 IV-260 IV-280 IV-290 Mandatory Appendix VI iv Copyright ASME International (BPVC) Provided by