©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Abh Geol B.-A ISSN 0016–7800 ISBN 3-85316-02-6 North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic Terranes, Stratigraphy and Biota Band 54 S 275–293 Wien, Oktober 1999 Editors: R Feist, J.A Talent & A Daurer Tabulate Corals from the Moore Creek Limestone (Middle Devonian: Late Eifelian–Early Givetian) in the Tamworth Belt (New South Wales, Australia) D IETER B RÜHL & S USANNE M.L P OHLER*) Text-Figure and Plates Australia Devonian Corals Taxonomy Biogeography Contents Zusammenfassung Abstract Introduction Previous work Carbonate Lithofacies and Biofacies Palaeobiogeography Notes on systematic Descriptions Plates 1–6 Acknowledgements References 275 275 275 276 276 277 277 280 292 292 Tabulate Korallen aus dem Moore-Creek-Kalk (Mitteldevon: oberes Eifel–unteres Givet) aus dem Tamworth Belt (New South Wales, Australien) Zusammenfassung Tabulate Korallen des mitteldevonischen (Eifelium–frühes Givetium) Moore Creek Limestone zwischen Tamworth und Moore Creek wurden einer neuen Untersuchung unterzogen Folgende Taxa werden beschrieben: Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS 1826), Thamnopora crummeri (E THERIDGE 1899), Cladopora sp., Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK 1801, Alveolites sp nov aff A hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937), Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK 1876 und Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) Abstract Tabulate corals from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian–early Givetian) Moore Creek Limestone of the Tamworth – Moore Creek area are re-investigated Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS 1826), Thamnopora crummeri (E THERIDGE 1899), Cladopora sp., Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK 1801, Alveolites sp nov aff A hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937), Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK 1876 and Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) are described Introduction The Moore Creek Limestone Member is located in the Tamworth Belt of New South Wales and is a stratigraphic unit in the New England Orogen (Text-Fig 1) Moore Creek Limestone south of Moore Creek and east of Moore Creek Road (Text-Fig 1) is the type locality of the Moore Creek Limestone Member in the Yarrimie Formation (C ROOK, 1961) The limestones are Middle Devonian (Eifelian to early Givetian) in age (P HILIP, 1967; M AWSON et al., 1988; M AWSON & T ALENT, 1994; M AWSON et al., 1997) and one of a large number of time-equivalent limestone bodies in the northern Tamworth Belt (C HAPPEL, 1961; P OHLER & H ERBERT , 1993) The surrounding sediments of the Yarrimie Formation (Tamworth Group) are volcaniclastic siltstones, tuffites, siliceous shales, sandstone, and conglomerates of deep water aspect The entire sequence shows signatures of *) Authors’ address: D IETER B RÜHL, S USANNE M.L P OHLER, Geologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Lehrstuhl für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, Zülpicher Straòe 49a, 50674 Kửln/Germany 275 âGeol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Text-Fig Simplified geological map showing location of Moore Creek Limestone cropping out north of Tamworth, New South Wales Based on mapping of B ENSON (1915) deposition within an intra-oceanic island arc setting (L EITCH, 1974; C AWOOD, 1983) The rugose corals from the Moore Creek Limestone are highly endemic and difficult to correlate with faunas outside Australia (H ILL, 1942; P EDDER , 1967, 1968) The tabulate coral faunas are poorly known and have not been studied since E THERIDGE (1899) Preliminary results of this reinvestigation were presented by B RÜHL & P OHLER (1997) This paper is an attempt to apply modern taxonomy to this neglected fossil group in eastern Australia Previous Work The Moore Creek Limestone has been a focus of fossil collections and studies since T.W.E D AVID and E.F P ITTMAN constructed a seven kilometre long detailed section across the northern Tamworth region (D AVID & P ITTMAN, 1899) Corals collected from the section were sent to R E THERIDGE Jr for determination E THERIDGE (1899) described 19 species of rugose and tabulate corals from the “Spring Creek limestone”, the “Woolomol limestone” and from adjacent limestone occurrences at Moore Creek and Moonbi (Text-Fig 1) B ENSON (1915) mapped the North Tamworth-Spring Creek area and distinguished two stratigraphic sequences, an older Tamworth Series and a younger Baldwin Series He considered the Tamworth Series to be Middle Devonian in age, based on corals and other fossils collected in the region B ENSON (1915, p 560) assigned the name Moore Creek Limestone to the large bodies cropping out just south of Moore Creek and east of Moore Creek Road He recognized the limestone bodies along 276 Spring Creek to be similar in lithology and fossil content to those at Moore Creek They were probably the focus of fossil collections from the “Spring Creek limestone” B ENSON (1915, p 563) also noted the occurrence of Moore Creek Limestone in portions 41, 42, 43 (= “Mornington” property, Text-Fig 1) in the parish of Woolomol, which he considered a repetition of the series found at Moore Creek H ILL (1943, p 142) referred to this location as “Woolomol limestone“, probably based on labelled coral specimens collected by I B ROWN and in unspecified collections in the Australian Museum and at the University of Queensland Hence E THERIDGE’s corals from the “Woolomol limestone” are probably from that location Corals collected from areas of limestone labelled “parish of Moonbi” may be from Moore Creek Limestone south of the parish of Woolomol (M AWSON et al., 1997) Most of the corals collected and determined by us are from the presumed type locality south of Moore Creek (Crown Reserve) and from the Spring Creek locality (TextFig 1) Carbonate Lithofacies and Biofacies The succession of the Moore Creek Limestone in the Crown Reserve begins with fossil-poor nodular and flasery packstones and wackestones above a tectonized contact with silicified siltstones of the lower Yarrimie Formation Succeeding dark, massive limestones are characterized by large Xystriphyllum and Sociophyllum colonies, ramose, tabular and laminar tabulate corals and irregularly shaped alveolitids Upsection, the flat stratified corals become dominant and the sequence becomes thick-bed- ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ded with bedding defined by coalesced heliolitid colonies, tabular stromatoporoids and tabulate corals Towards the top silicification increases and bed thicknesses decrease Tabulate corals are particularly abundant in the central and upper parts of the Moore Creek Limestone Member in the Crown Reserve, with ramose tabulozoa and “ragged“ alveolitids dominant in the central unit and flat, stratified alveolitids in the upper unit Hemispherical colonies of heliolitids in the upper unit grew in such proximity that they eventually formed “pavements“ which preferentially silicified The matrix enveloping the corals and other macrofossils is uniformly composed of lime mud (micrite or microsparite), with echinoderm, brachiopod, trilobite and coral debris Algal remains are conspicuously absent The corals probably inhabited a deep, subtidal, low energy marine environment One of the most common associations found in Devonian limestones is that of stromatoporoids and syringoporids This was first observed by P HILLIPS (1841), who erected the stromatoporoid genus Caunopora based on the tubes found in the stromatoporoid coenostea Later, it was realized that Caunopora tubes are tabulate coral skeletons of Syringopora with an altered wall structure (M ISTIAEN, 1984) The relationship between the corals and the stromatoporoid is not clear but was probably commensal, with the coral gaining support from the stromatoporoid (K ERSHAW, 1987) M ORI (1970) in his study of the coral/ stromatoporoid association from Silurian biostromes from Gotland, recorded the relationship only from shallow water environments In deeper, quieter water he found Syringopora grew independently This observation holds true for the Moore Creek Limestone which is interpreted as a deeper water deposit In shallow water limestones the stromatoporoids are associated with Syringopora or Syringoporella with thin tubes (0.15 mm–0.3 mm in diameter) Tubes of non-commensal fasciculate syringoporid corals are larger This different diameter may be an ecological adaptation resulting from a need for a more stable skeleton rather than a species characteristic Palaeobiogeography The fairly close relationship between eastern Australia and south-east Asian Devonian faunas has been appreciated for many years (H ILL, 1957; B OUCOT et al., 1969; D UBATOLOV , 1972; T ALENT , 1985; T ALENT et al., 1987, and in prep.) In the Early and early Middle Devonian a high degree of provincialism existed in the coral faunas of eastern Australia This decreased in the Late Eifelian when, as a consequence of migration, a large number of genera became cosmopolitan This pattern is reflected in the tabulate coral faunas of the late Eifelian to early Givetian Moore Creek Limestone, which show obvious connections with coeval faunas in Eurasia Many taxa are comparable with species from the Eifelian and Givetian beds of Europe and/or Asia Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS 1826), for example, is a cosmopolitan species, common in the late Middle Devonian of western Germany and North Africa Thamnopora crummeri (E THERIDGE 1899) is comparable to extra-Australian taxa of early Givetian age, such as Thamnopora ex gr cervicornis ( DE B LAINVILLE 1830) The species of Cladopora abundant in the Moore Creek Limestone cannot be assigned to formally named species from Eurasia and Australia In Australia,this genus ranges from the Late Silurian to Devonian Two species of Alveolites are recognized: Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK (1801) and Alveolites sp nov aff A hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV, 1937) The former species is known from the Middle Devonian of Europe and Asia Alveolites sp nov aff A hemisphericus is close to Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV, 1937) from the Late Silurian of Asia and probably a new species The auloporids are represented by Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK 1876 and Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK 1876 is very common in the Moore Creek Limestone, where it forms large fasciculate colonies With Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) the occurrence of this genus is documented for the first time from Australia It was previously known from the Middle Devonian of central Europe (Moravia, Eifel Hills and Ardennes), and possibly from Asia The coral fauna from the type locality of the Moore Creek Limestone confirms the Middle Devonian age of the succession Notes on systematic descriptions For nomenclature of tabulate coral sample localities in the Moore Creek area see Text-Fig Abbreviations of sample numbers: MC = Moore Creek Limestone at Crown Reserve; MCS = Moore Creek Limestone at Spring Creek; AM = Australian Museum palaeontological thin section register Stubs which remained after preparing the thin sections of the described specimens are housed at the Australian Museum Tabulata M ILNE-E DWARDS & H AIME 1850 Heliolitida F RECH 1897 Heliolitidae L INDSTRÖM 1873 Heliolites D ANA 1846 D i a g n o s i s (after H ILL, 1981, p F603 and B IRENHEIDE, 1985, p 40): Massive Heliolitidae with cylindrical tabularia surrounded by coenenchyme tissue of smaller prismatic tubes Tabularia with 12 well, or barely, developed septa and commonly horizontal, complete tabulae Coenenchyme tubes also with complete, horizontal tabulae and complete walls Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS 1826) (Pl 1, Figs 1–4) 1826 Astraea porosa G OLDFUSS, p 64, Pl XXI, Fig 1899 Heliolites porosa (G OLDFUSS) – E THERIDGE, p 173–174, Pl XIX, Figs 3, 4; Pl XXV, Figs 1, 1936 Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS) – L ECOMPTE, p 93, Pl XIV, Figs 2–5 1940 Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS) – J ONES & H ILL, p 204, Pl IX, Fig v 1980 Heliolites porosus porosus (G OLDFUSS) – I VEN, p 167, Pl 14, Figs 1–4 v 1980 Heliolites porosus bergeri I VEN, p 170, Pl 12, Figs 1, 2, 5; Pl 13, Figs 1, 1985 Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS) – B IRENHEIDE, p 40 D i a g n o s i s (after B IRENHEIDE, 1985, p 40): Spherical to dome-shaped or polymorphic colonies of Heliolites Cylindrical corallites with 12 short or moderately long septa Corallite diameter 1.0 to 1.8 mm, and diameter of prismatic coenenchyme tissue-tubes varies between 0.2 and 0.45 mm Tabulae are regularly developed D e s c r i p t i o n : There are several colonies from Crown Reserve The coralla of this species form platy to subspherical masses The corallite tubes are circular and their diameter varies between 1.0 and 1.5 mm Their 277 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at average distances from each other measure between 0.65 and 2.25 mm Walls of corallite tubes are 0.05 to 0.1 mm thick In most of the corallites septa are well developed with 12 normally present in one corallite; length of septa is irregular averaging between 0.3 and 0.5 mm Infrequently some septa reach almost to the middle of the tube The coenenchymal tubes are polygonal to prismatic in cross-section, sometimes with a rounded inner lumen The walls of coenenchymal tubes vary in thickness from 0.025 to 0.050 mm with diameter varying from 0.175 to 0.3 mm; mean diameter is 0.25 mm Tabulae of the corallite tubes are regularly developed, complete, and more or less horizontal The tabulae of the coenenchymal tubuli are more numerous, but also complete R e m a r k s : The coralla described herein belong to the H porosus species group as defined in B IRENHEIDE & K AYA (1987, p 282) because of the “moderate to great distance of the tubuli to each other“ The specimens from Moore Creek are, in most respects, similar to Heliolites porosus described by E THERIDGE (1899, p 173–174) and by B IRENHEIDE (1985, p 40), but show minor differences in the length of septa E THERIDGE (1899, p 174) noted that this species is very abundant in the Moore Creek Limestone at Moore Creek: “In the Moore Creek Limestone Heliolites porosa weathers into very beautiful specimens, leaving the whole of the tissues exposed, so that the structure can be studied almost as well in this condition as in microscopic sections.“ Favositida W EDEKIND 1937 Favositidae D ANA 1846 Pachyporinae G ERTH 1921 Thamnopora S TEININGER 1831 D i a g n o s i s : Ramose Pachyporinae colonies with corallites diverging in longitudinal direction in the axial zone of the branch so that the calices open more or less perpendicular to the surface of the branch Walls thickened, increasing distally Septal spines frequent to absent Mural pores numerous to rare Tabulae thin, irregularly developed Thamnopora crummeri (E THERIDGE 1899) (Pl 2, Figs 1–3) 1899 Favosites ? crummeri E THERIDGE, p 171; Pl 14, Figs 5, 6; Pl 35 D i a g n o s i s : Moderately thick branches of Thamnopora with relatively large corallites Average diameter of the branches 10 to 15 mm Corallite diameter averages 1.0 to 1.5 mm, occasionally reaching mm Corallites sub-polygonal or more or less rounded in the peripheral and axial zone Walls thickened in the marginal region, less so in the axial region Septal spines absent Mural pores are rare, irregularly scattered D e s c r i p t i o n : Fragments averaging to 14 mm in diameter Corallites open obliquely to the surface of the branches, averaging to 1.5 mm in diameter In transverse section the corallites are irregularly polygonal with moderately thick walls (0.15 to 0.25 mm/axial; 0.25 to 0.35 mm/peripheral) 0.75 to 1.0 mm in inner diameter and up to 1.5 mm diameter in peripheral zone E THERIDGE (1899) described the visceral chambers of the corallites as occasionally reduced to more or less cylindrical tubes through the thickening of the walls by 278 secondary deposits In longitudinal section tabulae are rarely preserved because the coralla are affected by diagenetic alteration In some regions mural pores are present but irregularly scattered with an average diameter of 0.2 mm R e m a r k s : The Moore Creek Limestone north of Tamworth is the stratum typicum and the locus typicus of Thamnopora crummeri The described specimens are characteristic of the genus Thamnopora and correspond well with the description of Thamnopora crummeri by E THERIDGE (1899, p.172) The species Thamnopora crummeri is closely comparable with representatives of the species group of Thamnopora cervicornis ( DE B LAINVILLE 1830) of the Givetian of Eurasia but shows minor differences in the development of pores and corallite diameter As the Australian species is insufficiently known it must be reinvestigated on the basis of original and better preserved material Based on material at hand, it cannot be decided if both species are indeed conspecific Cladopora H ALL 1851 D i a g n o s i s : Corallum ramose with small, slender, cylindrical branches Corallites in axial zone parallel but diverge gradually to open obliquely to the surface of the branch in lozenge shaped calices Walls in axial zone thin, increasing toward peripheral zone Tabulae, septal spines and mural pores rare to absent Cladopora sp (Pl 3, Figs 1–4) ?1969 Cladopora sp J ELL & H ILL, p 22, Pl 9, Figs 2–6 D e s c r i p t i o n : Small fragments of straight, slender, cylindrical, forking branches ranging in diameter from 2.0 to 4.25 mm The calices open obliquely on the surface of the branches The corallite openings are subcrescentic or slit-shaped Transverse sections of the branches show an axial zone where the corallites are relatively thin-walled, 0.075 to 0.1 mm They are irregularly polygonal and more or less rounded internally From the axial zone where the corallites run parallel to the outer surface they gradually diverge outward to open obliquely to the surface The thickening of the wall increases towards the peripheral zone to the calical openings The corallites in the axial zone are 0.125 to 0.3 mm in diameter Tabulae, mural pores, and septal spines could not be observed R e m a r k s : The specimens from Moore Creek correspond well with Cladopora sp by J ELL & H ILL (1969) from the Ukalunda Beds in Queensland which were dated as Emsian by B ROCK & T ALENT (1993) It also resembles Cladopora gippslandica (C HAPMAN 1907) as described by P HILIP (1962) from the early Devonian Boola beds in Victoria Cladopora sp is very abundant in the Moore Creek limestones Alveolitidae D UNCAN 1872 Alveolitinae D UNCAN 1872 Alveolites L AMARCK 1801 D i a g n o s i s (after B RÜHL, 1996, p 8): Massive coralla with spherical, encrusting or irregular polymorph growth forms Corallites crescentic or irregularly angular or rounded Tabulae numerous, regularly developed, complete, horizontal or oblique, straight or curved ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Mural pores frequent Walls thin in basal parts, elsewhere less to moderately thickened Septal spines commonly numerous to rare Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK 1801 (Pl 4, Figs 1–3) 1801 Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK, p 376 ? 1941 Alveolites suborbicularis – J ONES, p 44–45, Pl I, Fig 1996 Alveolites suborbicularis – B RÜHL, p 10–11, Pl 1, Figs 1a-d, 2a-d; Pl 2, Fig 3a-b – [cum syn.] D i a g n o s i s : Polymorph colonies of Alveolites The corallum spreads subhorizontally and is composed of different layers of corallites The thickness of the sheets varies The corallites are more or less crescentic or subcrescentic with the great diameter between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm and the small diameter between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm (mean 0.35 mm) Corallite walls are relatively thin in basal layers (0.05mm to 0.08 mm) and moderately thick in other parts of the colony (0.1 to 0.25 mm) Mural pores occasionally numerous, well rounded, about 0.15 to 0.2 mm in diameter Tabulae numerous and complete, horizontal or inclined Septal spines well developed, irregularly scattered on corallite walls D e s c r i p t i o n : The colonies are plate-like in growth, spreading horizontally or subhorizontally in several directions forming irregular, thick corallite layers The thickness of the sheets varies between a few millimeters and cm The coralla are composed of corallites which open obliquely to the surface In transverse section the corallites are crescentic, subcrescentic or subtriangular Corallites in inner parts of the colony are frequently well-rounded Corallite diameters vary: 0.5 to 1.0 mm/0.35 to 0.5 mm, averaging 0.75mm/0.35mm The walls of the corallites are moderately thick, ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 mm in basal layers up to 0.2 to 0.25 mm in central and peripheral zones of the corallum Mural pores are frequent and measure 0.15 to 0.2 mm in diameter The tabulae are complete and are spaced 0.2 to 0.6 mm apart They vary from horizontal to inclined and from slightly concave to slightly convex Septal spines are well developed and common on the interior wall of each corallite, but in some corallites they are absent Sometimes small spines project into the lumen from the lower wall R e m a r k s : The described specimens are characteristic of the genus Alveolites L AMARCK 1801 and correspond very well to Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK 1801, as described from Europe and Asia and from the Late Eifelian of the Eifel Hills in Germany (B RÜHL, 1996) Alveolites suborbicularis was also described from Clermont (Queensland, Australia) by J ONES (1941) The limestones in this region were originally considered to be “late Couvinian”, but subsequently, by using conodonts, the limestones were dated as perbonus Zone (Emsian) (B ROCK & T ALENT, 1993) In the light of this new information J ONES’ previous species assignment needs to be reevaluated Alveolites sp nov aff Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937) (Pl 5, Figs 1–2) D e s c r i p t i o n : The corallum is of laminar shape, 20 mm thick and 35 mm wide, composed of thin, platy layers of corallites In vertical section the corallites are crescentic and chevron-shaped to ovate with infrequent septal spines on the basal wall The corallites are commonly arranged in irregular vertical rows The average diameter of the corallites varies between 0.5 mm and maximal 0.7 mm (mean 0.5 mm) Walls are moderately thick, averaging 0.1 to 0.125 mm Mural pores are numerous in the side walls at the junction with the base, measuring 0.1 to 0.125 mm in diameter Tabulae are developed, but because of diagenetic alteration, they are difficult to discern R e m a r k s : There is only one specimen (MC 14h, AM 13508 and AM 13509) originating from the Moore Creek Limestone in the Crown Reserve It resembles Alveolites lemniscus S MITH 1933 from the early Middle Devonian of northern France The European species differs in having a larger corallite diameter (see S MITH, p 140–141: larger diameter 0.75 to 1.25, smaller diameter 0.2 mm) and in having no septal spines Alveolites mirabilis (S UGIYAMA 1940) from the Silurian Halysites limestone of Japan (Kitakami Mountains, north of Sendai) is similar to our specimen S UGIYAMA (1940, p 112–113) described A mirabilis as the type-species of his new stromatoporoid genus Kitakamiia This species definitely belongs to the genus Alveolites L AMARCK 1801 (see G ALLOWAY, 1957, p 455–456, Ü NSALANER-K IRAGLI, 1958, p 85, F LÜGEL & F LÜGEL-K AHLER, 1968, p 551, M ORI, 1973, p 401); the name Kitakamiia is a junior synonym of Alveolites Ü NSALANER -K IRAGLI (1958) referred A mirabilis to the European species Alveolites lemniscus S MITH 1933 In our opinion it is difficult to synonymize both species, because the corallite dimensions of Alveolites lemniscus (see above) are clearly larger than in A mirabilis (see S UGIYAMA, 1940, p 113, “distance between vertical elements” = largest diameter of corallites 0.5 to 0.75 mm) There is surely a certain resemblance in growth and phenotype between both taxa so that A mirabilis belongs to the lemniscus -species group A praelemniscus L E M TRE 1947 from the Emsian of Morocco is related to A mirabilis , but also with larger diameters Alveolites sp nov aff lemniscus described by H ILL, P LAYFORD & W OODS (1967, p 8, Pl IV, Fig 3) from the Middle Devonian of Queensland, appears to belong to the praelemniscus / lemniscus group Closely related to this species-group is Alveolites insignis C HERNYSHEV 1951 from the Eifelian of the Kuznetsk Basin, but differs in having a larger corallite diameter (larger diameter 0.7 to 0.9 mm, smaller diameter 0.35 to 0.42 mm) Comparable with the species mentioned above, are the Frasnian forms Alveolites tenuissimus L ECOMPTE 1933 (larger diameter 0.6 to 1mm, smaller diameter 0.25 to 0.3 mm and having spines) from the Frasnian of Belgium, and Alveolites spasskyi D UBATOLOV 1962 (larger diameter 0.5 to 0.7 mm, smaller diameter 0.25 mm, and having small spines) from the Frasnian of Rudnyi Altai The new specimen resembles Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937) (see C HEKHOVICH, 1971, p 163 – with larger diameter 0.5 to 0.6 mm, smaller diameter 0.2 to 0.3 mm), the type-species of Tuvaelites C HEKHOVICH 1971 [synonymized by H ILL (1981, p F594, Fig 402, 1e-h) with Kitakamiia S UGIYAMA 1940 – see above] and is also related to the lemniscus / tenuissimus -group The neotype of this species Alveolites originated from the Late Silurian (Ludlovian) of the Tuva region, and for this reason the specimen described herein from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian/Givetian) cannot be assigned without question to this species Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937) was described and figured from Silurian sediments of Tuva by S OKOLOV & T ESAKOV (1984, 1986) 279 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Because of the remarks above and the different morphological features it is not possible to refer the specimen from the Moore Creek Limestone without doubt to any other known species Because the new specimen resembles A hemisphericus it is here assigned as Alveolites sp nov aff Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937) For a clear determination additional and better preserved material is required Auloporida S OKOLOV 1947 Syringoporidae F ROMENTEL 1861 Syringopora G OLDFUSS 1826 D i a g n o s i s (after H ILL, 1981, p 647): Corallum fasciculate with cylindrical corallites, connected by irregularly oriented tubuli Walls moderately thick Septal spines arranged in longitudinal rows or absent Tabulae infundibuliform, forming an axial syrinx in many corallites Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK (Pl 6, Figs 1–2) 1876 1876 Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK, p 76, Pl 3, Fig 1898 Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK – DE K ONINCK, p 59, Pl 3, Fig 1899 Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK – E THERIDGE, p 174–176, Pl 28, Figs 1, D i a g n o s i s (after DE K ONINCK, 1898, p 59 and E THERIDGE , 1899, p 174–175): Corallum forming large masses, spreading irregularly as anastomosing, creeping network Corallites short, circular at irregular distances from one another and growing in every direction Corallites frequently and irregularly dichotomous and rarely connected by lateral tubuli Diameter of corallites varies from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm Walls are relatively thick, 0.15 to 0.2 mm Tabulae well developed and frequently infundibuliform Septal spines absent D e s c r i p t i o n : The colonies from the Moore Creek Limestone form an irregularly, more or less horizontal, anastomosing network of circular corallites The corallite tubes grow in every direction with a tendency to dichotomous bifurcation and to develop bud-like corallites to the sides The corallites are round in cross-section and their diameter varies from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm They have 0.15 to 0.2 mm thick walls and frequently the more or less concentric tabulae sections are visible In longitudinal section the tabulae are infundibuliform Connecting tubuli are not common Septal spines are not discernible in the studied specimens R e m a r k s : The specimens correspond well with the observations and the original description of Syringopora auloporoides given by DE K ONINCK (1898, p 59): “Corallum forming masses of considerable size Corallites short, at irregular distances from one another, and growing in every direction, very seldom united by lateral proces- Plate All scales: mm 280 ses.They usually commence by being rather creeping, and when they attain a length of five to six millimetres buds are given forth which grow longer and rise more or less vertically, but their growth is never great, nor does it exceed three centimetres.” In all probability the original material of DE K ONINCK came from the Crown Reserve locality of Moore Creek, north of Tamworth The description of E THERIDGE (1899, p 174–175) was also based on material from this locality There are severall different species of Syringopora in the Devonian of Europe and Eurasia but they are not comparable to the Australian form, because their corallite dimensions are much smaller For example, S yavorskyi C HERNYSHEV 1951 from the Eifelian of the Kuznetsk Basin differs in having smaller corallite diameters (0.6 to 0.7 mm) and less thickened walls (0.1 mm) These forms are frequently intergrown with stromatoporoids (see discussion under biofacies) Aulocystidae S OKOLOV 1950 Remesia K ETTNER 1934 D i a g n o s i s : Corallum bushy with irregularly arranged slender, cylindrical corallites which are commonly straight Corallites with laterally smaller offsets Walls thick with septal spinules Tabulae concave and infundibuliform, but rare Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) (Pl 6, Figs 3–4) 1899 Syringopora porteri E THERIDGE, p 176, Pl 18, Fig 3; Pl 31, Figs 1, D i a g n o s i s : Predominantly encrusting colony of Remesia with short, circular corallites measuring 1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter Walls are relatively thick (0.5 to 0.8 mm) Tabulae scarce, but when present infundibuliform Walls with numerous small septal spines D e s c r i p t i o n : Fragmentary colonies consist of bushy, irregularly arranged, cylindrical corallite tubuli The calices are mostly rounded Corallites average to 2.5 mm in diameter In longitudinal sections of the holotype (compare E THERIDGE [1899, p 176]) the thick walls and the more or less long, thin septal spines are well developed The infundibuliform tabulae are also well developed in the original material R e m a r k s : The specimens collected from the Moore Creek Limestone and the original material of E THERIDGE (1899) are representatives of the genus Remesia K ETTNER 1934 Remesia crispa (S CHLÜTER 1885) from the early Givetian of Europe is closely comparable with Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) Both species correspond well in diameter and septal development, but the present material is not sufficient to synonymize the two species Without additional material the Australian species should be regarded as an independent taxon Heliolites porosus (G OLDFUSS 1826) Fig 1: Corallum MC2a from Crown Reserve Transverse section (AM 13497) with crosssections of circular corallite tubes with well developed septa Fig 2: Same as Fig Longitudinal section (AM 13498) with tubes of corallites and tissue of coenenchymal tubes Fig 3: Corallum described and figured by E THERIDGE (1899, p 173, Pl XXV, Fig 1–2) from the Moore Creek Limestone at Moore Creek deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney Transverse section AM 4629 Fig 4: Same as Fig Longitudinal section AM 4930 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 281 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Plate Thamnopora crummeri (E THERIDGE 1899) Fig 1: Corallum MC14e (AM 13499) from Crown Reserve Transverse section with cross-sections of two branches Scale: mm Fig 2: Corallum MC 14c (AM 13500) from Crown Reserve Fig 2a: Transverse section of one branch with polygonal corallites well rounded in their inner parts by secondary deposits Scale 1: mm Fig 2b: Longitudinal section of the branch Axial zone recrystallized by diagenetic processes Scale: mm Fig 3: Corallum MC 5b (AM 13501) from Crown Reserve Longitudinal section of a branch Scale: mm 282 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 283 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Plate Cladopora sp Fig 1: Thin-section MC 37 (AM 13502) from Crown Reserve Transverse and longitudinal sections of several small branches Scale: mm Fig 2: Corallum MC 5b (AM 13501) Longitudinal section of a small branch Scale: mm Fig 3: Corallum MC 34 (AM 13503) Transverse and longitudinal section of branches Scale: mm Fig 4: Transverse sections of two small branches (thin-section MC 37; AM 13504) with irregular polygonal and rounded corallites in axial zone Scale: mm 284 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 285 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Plate Alveolites suborbicularis L AMARCK 1801 Fig 1: Colony MCS L129.4 (AM 13505) from the Moore Creek Limestone of Spring Creek locality Fig 1a: Tangential section through the corallum to show the plate-like growth-form Scale: mm Fig 1b: Transverse and longitudinal sections of corallites Scale: mm Fig 1c: Transverse sections of corallites Scale: mm Fig 2: Colony MC Top (AM 13506) from Crown Reserve Fig 2a: Transverse sections of corallites Scale: mm Fig 2b: Transverse and Longitudinal sections of corallites Scale: mm Fig 3: Colony MCS L116.1 (AM 13507) from the Moore Creek Limestone of Spring Creek locality Basal layers of the colony with transverse and longitudinal sections of corallites Scale: mm 286 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 287 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Plate Alveolites sp nov aff Alveolites hemisphericus (C HERNYSHEV 1937) Fig 1–2: Corallum MC 14h from Crown Reserve Transverse sections (AM 13508) of corallites superposed in vertical series Thin-section AM 13509 shows chevron-shaped and crescentic to ovate corallites in cross-section with occasionally a septal spine on the base wall Mural pores are frequent in the side walls Scale: mm 288 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 289 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Plate Syringopora auloporoides DE K ONINCK 1876 Fig 1: Colony Cal II 27.3 m (AM 13510) from Moore Creek Limestone from Calal Property Transverse and longitudinal sections of corallite tubes with well developed infundibuliform tabulae Scale: mm Fig 2: Type material of E THERIDGE (1899) AM 6512 Transverse and longitudinal sections of corallite tubes with well developed infundibuliform tabulae Scale: mm Remesia porteri (E THERIDGE 1899) Fig 3: Holotype F 5509 (AM 70) of E THERIDGE (1899) Longitudinal section shows the relatively thick walls, the infundibuliform tabulae and septal spines Scale: mm Fig 4: Corallum MC 30 (AM 13511) from Moore Creek Limestone Transverse section of circular corallite tubes with tabulae sections and septal spines Scale: mm 290 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 291 ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Acknowledgments We wish to thank Dr Yongyi Z HEN for supplying photographs and information regarding type material deposited by E THERIDGE in the Australian Museum and Prof Dr K M ORI for providing important research publications We also thank Gary D ARGAN, Michael E NGELBRETSEN and Prof Dr K O EKENTORP for thorough reviews of the manuscript and helpful comments Ms H E ICKHOFF is thanked for preparing thinsections and assisting with drafting We are indebted to Dean O LIVER for the final draft of the figure Financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Profs R M AWSON and J.A T ALENT are thanked for their continuing support This publication is a contribution to IGCP Project 421 North Gondwana Mid-Palaeozoic bioevent/biogeography patterns in relation to crustal dynamics References B ENSON, W.N (1915): The geology and petrology of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales Appendix to Part V The geology of the Tamworth district – Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 40, 693–700, Sydney B IRENHEIDE, R (1985): Chaetetida und tabulate Korallen des Devon – In: W Z IEGLER [Hrsg.]: Leitfossilien No 3.–2 völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage, 249 p., Berlin, Stuttgart (Borntraeger) B IRENHEIDE, R & K AYA, O (1987): Stratigraphy and Middle Devonian corals of Adapazari area, N.W Turkey – Senckenbergiana lethaea, 68, 263–303, 13 Pls., Frankfurt am Main B LAINVILLE, H.M.D DE (1830): Zoophytes: Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, 60, 546 p., Paris B OUCOT, A.J., J OHNSON, J.G & T ALENT, J.A (1969): Geological Society of America Special Paper – 119, 113 p., Boulder B ROCK, G.A & T ALENT, J.A (1993): Emsian (Early Devonian) brachiopods from the Ukalunda Beds and Douglas Creek, north Queensland – Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 15, 224–248, Brisbane B RÜHL, D (1996): Die Gattungen Alveolites L AMARCK 1801 und Squameoalveolites MIRONOVA 1969 im unteren Mittel-Devon (Eifelium) der Dollendorfer Mulde/Eifel (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) – Senckenbergiana lethaea, 76, 1–51, 12 Taf., Frankfurt am Main B RÜHL, D & P OHLER, S.M.L (1997): Tabulate Korallen aus dem Moore Creek Limestone (Mitteldevon) des Tamworth Belt (Moore Creek, New South Wales, Australien) – Terra Nostra, Schriften der A Wegener Stiftung, 97/6, p 137 (Poster abstract), Daun [67 Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft in Daun/Vulkaneifel] C AWOOD, P.A (1983): Modal composition and detrital clinopyroxene chemistry of lithic sandstones from the New England Fold Belt (east Australia): A Paleozoic forearc terrane – Bulletins of the Geological Society of America, 94, 1199–1214, Boulder C HAPMAN, F (1907): Newer Silurian fossils of eastern Victoria, Part I – Records of the Geological Survey of Victoria, 2, 67–80, Pls 1–8, Melbourne C HAPPEL, B.W (1961): The stratigraphy and structural geology of the Manilla-Moore Creek District, N.S.W – Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 95, 63–75, Sydney C HEKHOVICH, V.D (1971): Novoe v Alveolitina (zamechaniya k sistematike) – In: D UBATOLOV, V.N (Ed.): Tabulyaty i geliolitoidei paleozoya SSSR, Trudy II Vsesoyuznogo simpoziuma po izucheniyu iskopaemykh korallov SSSR, no 1, 155–165, Pls 34–37, Nauka, Moskva C HERNYSHEV, B.B (1937): Siluriyskie i devonskie Tabulata Mongolii i Tuvy – Akademiya Nauk SSSR Trudy Mongolskii Komissii, 30, 5–34, Pls., Moskva, Leningrad C HERNYSHEV, B.B (1951): Siluriyskie i devonskie Tabulata i Geliolitida okrain Kuznetskogo uglenosnogo basseyna – Vsesoyusnogo nauchno-issledovaniye geologicheskaya instituta (VSEGEI), 104 p., 26 Pls., Moskva C ROOK, K.A.W (1961): Stratigraphy of the Tamworth Group (Early and Middle Devonian), Tamworth-Nundle District, N.S.W – Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 94, 173–188, Sydney 292 D AVID, T.W.E & P ITTMAN, E.F (1899): On the Paleozoic radiolarian rocks of New South Wales – Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 55, 16–37, Pls II-VII, London D UBATOLOV, V.N (1962): Tabulyaty i geliolitidy siluriyskikh i devonskikh otlozeniy Rudnogo Altaya – Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe otdelenie, institut geologii i geofiziki, 109 p., 29 Pls., Moskva & Leningrad D UBATOLOV, V.N (1972): Zoogeografiya devonskikh morey Evrazii (po materialam izucheniyu tabulyat) – Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe otdelenie, institut geologii i geofiziki, Trudy, 157, 128 p., 30 Pls., Moskva E THERIDGE, R.Jr (1899): On the corals of the Tamworth district, chiefly from the Moore Creek and Woolomol limestones – Records of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, 6, 151–182, Pls 16–38, Sydney F LÜGEL, E & F LÜGEL-K AHLER, E (1968): Stromatoporoidea (Hydrozoa Palaeozoica), Fossilium Catalogus 1: Animalia, pars 115–116 – Dr W Junk N V., Den Haag G ALLOWAY, J.J (1957): Structure and classification of the Stromatoporoidea – Bulletins of American Paleontology, 37, 341–470, Ithaca, New York G OLDFUSS, G.A (1862): Petrefacta Germaniae Erster Theil – 12 S +1–252, Taf 1–71, Arnz, Düsseldorf 1826–1833, Auflage iv + 1–134, Leipzig H ILL, D (1942): The Devonian rugose corals of the Tamworth district of N.S.W – Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 76, 142–164, Pls II-IV, Sydney H ILL, D (1950): Middle Devonian corals from the Buchan district, Victoria – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, n s., 62, 137–164, Pls 5–9, Melbourne H ILL, D (1957): The sequence and distribution of Upper Palaeozoic coral faunas – Australian Journal of Science, 19, 42–61, Sydney H ILL, D (1981): Rugosa and Tabulata – In: T EICHERT, C [ed.]: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part F (Coelenterata) Supplement (1–2), xl + 672 p., Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas H ILL, D., P LAYFORD, G & W OODS, J.T (1967): Devonian fossils of Queensland – Queensland Palaeontographical Society, 32 p., 15 Pls., Brisbane I VEN, C (1980): Alveolitiden und Heliolitiden aus dem Mittel- und Oberdevon des Bergischen Landes (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) – Palaeontographica (A), 167, 121–179, 15 Taf., Stuttgart J ELL, J.S & H ILL, D (1969): Devonian corals from Ukalunda – Publications of the Geological Survey of Queensland, 340, 27, Pls., Brisbane J ONES, O.A (1941): The Devonian Tabulata of Douglas and Drummond Creeks, Clermont, Queensland – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 53, 41–60, Pls I-III, Brisbane J ONES, O.A & H ILL, D (1940): The Heliolitidae of Australia, with a discussion of the morphology and systematic position of the family – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 51, 183–215, Pls 6–11, Brisbane K ERSHAW, S (1987): Stromatoporoid-coral intergrowths in a Silurian biostrome – Lethaia, 20, 371–380, Oslo K ONINCK, L.G DE (1876–77): Recherches sur les Fossiles Paléozoiques de la Nouvelles-Galles du Sud (Australie) – 373 p., Atlas Pls I–IV, 1876, Pls V–XXIV, 1877, Bruxelles K ONINCK, L.G DE (1898): Descriptions of the Palaeozoic fossils of New South Wales (Australia) – Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales (Palaeontology), 6, i-xiii + 298 p., 24 Pls., Sydney L AMARCK, J.B.P.A DE M (1801): Système des Animaux sans Vertébrés, – viii + 432 p., published by the author, Paris L ECOMPTE, M (1933): Le genre Alveolites L AMARCK dans le Dévonien moyen et supérieur de l’Ardenne – Mémoires du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 55, 1–50, Pls., Bruxelles ©Geol Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at L ECOMPTE, M (1936): Révison des tabulés Dévoniens décrits par Goldfuss – Mémoires du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 75, 111 p., 14 Pls., Bruxelles L ECOMPTE, M (1939): Les tabulés du Dévonien moyen et supérieur du bord sud du bassin de Dinant – Mémoires du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 90, 229 p., Tab., 23 Pls., Bruxelles L EITCH, E.C (1974): The geological development of the New England Fold Belt – Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 21, 133–156, Sydney L E M Aˆı TRE, D (1947): Contribution l’étude du Dévonien du Tafilalet II Le récif coralligène de Ouihalane – Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique de Maroc, 67, 1–112, 24 Pls., Lille M AWSON, R & T ALENT, J.A (1994): The Tamworth Group (mid-Devonian) at Attunga, New South Wales – conodont data and inferred ages – Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 168, 37–58, Frankfurt am Main M AWSON, R., T ALENT, J.A., B EAR, V C., B ENSON, D S., B ROCK, G.A., F ARRELL, J.R., H YLAND, K.A., P YEMONT, B.D., S LOAN, T.R., S ORENTINO , L., S TEWART , M.I., T ROTTER , J.A., W ILSON , G.A & S IMPSON , A.G (1988): Conodont data in relation to the resolution of stage and zonal boundaries for the Devonian in Australia – Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 14, 485–527, Calgary M AWSON, R., P ANG, D & T ALENT, J.A (1997): G.J Hinde’s (1899) Devonian radiolarians from Tamworth, north-eastern New South Wales: Stratigraphic and chronologic context – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 109, 233–256, Melbourne M ISTIAEN, B (1984): Comments on the caunopore tubes: stratigraphic distribution and microstructure – Paleontographica Americana, 54, 501–508, Ithaca, New York M ORI, K (1973): Note on Kitakamiia and Labechiellata, invalid names of Stromatoporoidea – Tohoku University, Science Reports, 2nd series (Geology), Special volume no 6, 401–402, Sendai M ORI, K (1970): Stromatoporids from the Silurian of Gotland, Part II – Stockholm Contributions in Geology, 22, 152 p., Stockholm P EDDER, A.E.H (1967): Studies in the Devonian tetracoral faunas of Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales – PhD thesis, University of New England, vol 1, 357 p., Armidale P EDDER, A.E.H (1968): The Devonian System of New England, New South Wales, Australia – In: M CM ILLAN, N.J., A.F E MBRY & D.J G LASS, D.J (Eds.): International Symposium on the Devonian System (Calgary, Canada), II, 135–146, Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary P HILIP, G.M (1962): The palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Siluro-Devonian sediments of the Tyers area, Gippsland, Victoria – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 75, 123–246, Pls 11–36, Melbourne P HILIP, G.M (1966): Middle Devonian conodonts from the Moore Creek Limestone, northern New South Wales – Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 110, 151–161, Pls., Sydney P HILLIPS, J (1841): Figures and descriptions of the Palaeozoic fossils of Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset – 231 pp., Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London P OHLER, S.M.L & H ERBERT, C (1993): Carbonate sedimentology of the Middle Devonian Wyaralong limestone near Attunga, NSW – Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 15, 255–278, Sydney [Imprint: Brisbane] S CHLÜTER, C (1885): Über einige neue Anthozoen aus dem Devon – Sitzungsberichte der Niederrheinischen Gesellschaft für Natürliche Heilkunde, 42, 144–151, Bonn S MITH, S (1933): Sur les espèces nouvelles d’ Alveolites de l’Eifélien inférieur du Nord de la France et de la Belgique – Annales de la Société géologique du Nord, 57, 135–145, Pls 2–3, Lille S OKOLOV, B.S & T ESAKOV, J.I (1984): Populyatzionnoi, biotzenotutscheskii i biostratigraphitscheskii analis tabulyat Podolskaya model – Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe otdelenie, Institut Geologii i Geofiziki Trudy, 577, 1–200, 56 Pls., Novosibirsk S OKOLOV, B.S & T ESAKOV, J.I (1986): Zoobtshchestva tabulyat podolii – Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe otdelenie Institut Geologii i Geofiziki Trudy, 645, 64 p., Pls., Novosibirsk S UGIYAMA, T (1940): Stratigraphical and palaeontological notes of the Gotlandian deposits of the Kitakami Mountainland – Tohoku Univ., Science Reports, Series (Geology) 21, 81–146, Pls 13–33, Sendai T ALENT, J.A (1985): Devonian zoogeography in relation to tectonostratigraphic terranes in eastern Australia – Third CircumPacific Terrane Conference, Geological Society of Australia Abstracts, 14, 228–233, Sydney T ALENT, J.A (1987): Prototethys: fact or phantom? Palaeobiogeography in relation to the crustal mosaic for the Asia-Australia hemisphere in Devonian–Early Carboniferous times – In: M CK ENZIE, K.G (Ed.): Shallow Tethys, 2, 87–111, A.A Balkema, Rotterdam & Boston Ü NSALANER-K IRAGLI, C (1958): Alveolites lemniscus S MITH from the upper Silurian of Sedef Adasi (Antirovitha) with remarks on the genera Roseoporella and Kitakamiia – Bulletins of the Minerals Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, 50, 83–86, Pl 1, Ankara Manuskript bei der Schriftleitung eingelangt am Oktober 1998 ■ 293 ... Tamworth-Spring Creek area and distinguished two stratigraphic sequences, an older Tamworth Series and a younger Baldwin Series He considered the Tamworth Series to be Middle Devonian in age, based on corals... stromatoporoids (see discussion under biofacies) Aulocystidae S OKOLOV 1950 Remesia K ETTNER 1934 D i a g n o s i s : Corallum bushy with irregularly arranged slender, cylindrical corallites which... Creek, New South Wales, Australien) – Terra Nostra, Schriften der A Wegener Stiftung, 97/6, p 137 (Poster abstract), Daun [67 Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft in Daun/Vulkaneifel] C