© Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Bntomojauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 14, Heft 9: 173-208 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 25 April 1993 A New Genus and a New Species of Tetrastichinae from Ghana (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) Miktat Doganlar Abstract Turktichus gen nov and its type-species, Turktichus ghananensis sp nov., are described and the diagnostic characters of the taxa are illustrated Zusammenfassung Turktichus gen nov und die Typusart, Turktichus ghananensis sp nov., werden beschrieben Die diagnostischen Merkmale der Taxa werden illustriert Introduction In the last two decades the genera of Tetrastichinae were keyed out by several authors (BOUCEK 1977, 1988; KOSTJUKOV 1978; GRAHAM 1987) BOUCEK (1977) prepared a tentative key to World genera KOSTJUKOV (1978) gave a key to the genera of the USSR GRAHAM (1987) created a key for the European genera BOUCEK (1988) gave a tentative illustrated key to the Australasian genera But, the keys for African and American genera are badly needed The present paper deals with a study on the specimens of Tetrastichinae from Ghana in the Zoologische Staassammlung München By following the key of BOUCEK (1977), the specimens run to the "? part of Tetrastichus" of the couplet in which Tetrastichodes ASHMEAD, 1887, was treated as a distinct genus and separated from the group which was 173 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at stated as "? part of Tetrastichus", and by following the key of GRAHAM (1987) they run to the subgenus Tetrastichodes of Aprostocetus WESTWOOD, 1833 But, the specimens from Ghana differ from Tetrastichodes and represent a new genus in Tetrastichinae, the main characters of which are given in its diagnosis Turktichus gen nov (figs 1-9) Type-species: Turktichus ghananensis sp nov Gender: Masculine Body strongly sclerotised, with distinct reticulation, gaster convex, noncollapsed, sometimes only slightly, retiuculated Head (fig 1) slightly broader than height; frons with median longitudinal line and transverse suture in front of median ocellus, below it Y-shaped short sutures connected with median line Malar sulcus present Anterior margin of clypeus almost truncate Temples nill Antennal toruli slightly above ventral edge of eyes Scapus reaching only ventral edge of median ocellus Antenna with annelli (fig 6); funicle with Segments in female (fig 6), with in male (fig 8); fiagellar segments of male with whorls of long setae which reach about 2/3 of the second segment following that which bears them; clava segmented, the first segment of which with whorls of long setae reaching much fiirther the tipof clava Thorax (fig 2) with pronotum short Mid lobe of mesoscutum with median groove indicatcd in its posterior half, with numerous hairs scattered all over the sclerite Scutellum with submedian and sublateral lines and two pairs of setae Propodeum (fig 3) medially broadly and deeply emarginated, at least slightly shorter than dorsellum in female, less deeply emarginated so as to be slightly longer than dorsellum in male; with median carina, without plicae, with dense reticulation; spiracles small, subcircular, separated by about half of their diameter from hind edge of metanotum, whole rim of spiracles exposed; callus with a sharp carina runs throughout propodeum Legs moderately long, with first segment of mid and hind tarsi subequal to second (fig 4); hind coxae with raised reticulation, much coarser than that on propodeum Forewing (fig 5) with costal cell shorter than marginal vein, submarginal vein with 3-4 dorsal setae; postmarginal vein absent Gastral petiole (fig 7) very narrow in female, subconical and dorsally finely reticulated in male (fig 9) Gaster of female (fig 7) long ovate, acute apically, longer than head plus thorax combined Cerci in a circular cavity surrounded by carina; each cercus with one seta nearly more than twice the length of the next longest Ovipositor sheaths projecting, its exserted portion about postcercale Gaster of male (fig 9) narrower, wedge shaped, broadest near tip, slightly longer than thorax: ' Body non-metallic, black, with some pale spots Distribution: Ghana This genus is distinguished by the combination of the strongly sclerotised, raisedly reticulated, non-collapsed body, the mesoscutum with numerous setae scattered all over the sclerite, and with distinct median groove; the scutellum with submedian lines and two pairs of setae, the fore pair of which located at middle of scutellum; the first segment of mid and hind tarsi subequal to the second one; propodeum without plicae, callus with a sharp carina which runs throughout propodeum 174 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at The new genus is similar, in some respects, to Tetrastichodes, Galeopsomyia GIRAULT, 1916, and Paragaleopsomyia GIRAULT, 1917 It differs from Tetrastichodes in having the basitarsi of mid and hind legs shorter, and fore pair of scutellar bristles at about middle of the sclerite (in Tetrastichodes the basitarsi of mid and hind legs about 1.5 times as long as the second tarsal segment, and scutellar bristles near hind margin of the sclerite); from Galeopsomyia and Paragaleopsomyia in having the mesoscutum with numerous setae, and propodeum without plicae (in both genera mesoscutum with median area bare, and in Galeopsomyia propodeum with plicae mesad of spiracle; in Paragaleopsomyia propodeum fairly long and submarginal vein with 1-2 setae) Turktichus ghananensis sp nov (figs -9) Female Length 2.0 - 2.1 mm Body black, sometimes fuscous; sutures on head, lower face, scapus, pedicellus, tegulae, basilar sclerites of wings, dorsellum, metanotum, legs, except coxae and tip of pretarsi which are conclorous with thorax, gaster basally and basal half of the last tergite of gaster yellow, flagellum brown; wings hyaline, venation pale Head in frontal view (fig 1) slightly broader than high, in dorsal view 2.6 times as broad as long, surface of head with alutaceous reticulation, with sparse, minute pale hairs; lower face, scrobal part and genae smooth Relative measurements: Head width 39; height 33; length 15; frons 22; POL 8; OOL 5; eye 20/15; malar Space 9; scapus length 15, width 3; pedicellus plus flagellum 40; pedicellus 6:3; F] 7:4; F 6.5:4; F 6:4; clava 19:5 (Cj 5; C 5; C 4) Antenna (fig 6) having flagellum semierect sensillae; second annellus large Pronotum moderately short, dull with broad raised reticulation, fmely and densely hairy, mesoscutum (fig 2) with median groove distinct in posterior half Relative measurements for thorax: thorax length (including propodeum) 47, width 37; length of pronotum medially 8(11); mesoscutum 23:25; scutellum 18:20; distance between submedian lines 9; distance between submedian and sublateral lines 5; dorsellum 4; propodeum 3(2); forewing 105:46; costal cell 24; marginal vein 30; stigmal vein Reticulation on scutellum fmer than that of mesoscutum; dorsellum and propodeum (fig 3) densely reticulate; callus with setae; coxae rugulose reticulate; spur of mid tibia about 2.5 times, that of hind tibia about twice as long as width ofthat bears each of them (fig 4), fourth segment of hind tarsi as long as 2/3 of length of tarsus Costal cell with a few hairs distally undemeath; speculum closed below, continued narrow bare stripe below marginal vein, reaching almost tip of wing; basal cell open below (fig 5) Petiole indistinct; gaster (fig.7) sparsely hairy, about thrice as long as broad, 1.9-2.3 times as long as thorax (including propodeum); cerci almost at middle of tergite; hypopygium ending slightly beyond middle of gaster Male Length 1.3 mm Similar to female, except as follows: flagellum pale brown; dorsellum and metanotum brown; tip of gaster without pale spot Relative measurements: Head width 32, height 28; length 13.5; frons 20; malar space 8; eye 16:12; scapus 11:4; pedicellus plus flagellum 48; pedicellus 5; Fj 3.5; F 6; F 7; F 7; clava 16:3 (C^ 5; C 6; C 5); thorax 40:29; pronotum 8; mesoscutum 20:19; scutellum 14:16; distance between submedian lines 7; distance between submedian and sublateral lines 4; dorsellum 3; 175 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at propodeum 4; forewing 83:38; costal cell 21; marginal vein 25; stigmal vein 7; gaster (fig 9) 44:18 Antenna (fig 8) with short ventral plaque at upper half; flagellar Segments with sparse long hairs ventrally, with very long whorls of setae dorsally Material examined (1 male, females): Holotype female (mounted with the male paratype on same card) Ghana, Ashanti Region, Kumasi-Kwadaso, (3.XI.1965) M.XI.1965, leg F BACHMAIER (in Zoologische Staatssammlung München) Paratypes male, females Same data as holotype (Host unknown) 176 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Figs 1-9 Turktichus ghananensis gen et sp nov., 1-7 female: 1) head in frontal view, 2) thorax (excluding propodeum); 3) apical part of thorax; 4) mid and hind tarsi; 5) forewing; 6) antenna; gaster with petiole - 8-9 male: 8) antenna; 9) gaster with petiole 177 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Literature BOUCEK, Z - 1977 Description of Tachinobia gen nov and three new species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a tentative key to genera - Bull, ent Res 67: 17-30 BOUCEK, Z - 1988 Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) C-A-B International, Wallingford, Oxon, U.K., pp 593-597 GRAHAM, M.W.R.de V - 1987 A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera - Bull Br Mus nat Hist Ent 51: 27-45 KOSTJUKOV, V.V - 1978 Subfamily Tetrastichinae, pp 796-800 In: Medvedev (Ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR Translated from Russian in 1987, Amerind Pup Co PvL Ltd New Delhi, India 178 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Systematic Works on Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) Miktat Doganlar Abstract The main characters of Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867, are obtained in a wide sense and the known species of the genus are listed Tetrastichomyia GIRAULT, 1916, syn nov and Koloptema GRAHAM, 1987, syn nov are synonymized with Sigmophora The newly found male of Sigmophora (= Koloptema) salirta (GRAHAM, 1987) is described and illustrated The differences between the specimens from different regions of Sigmophora brevicomis (PANZER, 1804) are illustrated Zusammenfassung Die Merkmale für Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867, und deren Arten werden festgelegt Tetrastichomyia GIRAULT, 1916, syn nov und Koloptema GRAHAM, 1987, syn nov werden mit Sigmophora synonymisiert Das neu gefundene Männchen von Sigmophora (= Koloptema) salina (GRAHAM, 1987) wird beschrieben und abgebildet Die Unterschiede zwischen Exemplaren von Sigmophora brevicomis (PANZER, 1804) aus verschiedenen Regionen werden abgebildet Introduction For some time the genus Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867, has been accepted as a species-group, the brevicornis-group, of Tetrastichus HALIDAY, 1843 (GRAHAM 1961; DOMENICMNI 1964, 1966; KOSTYUKOV 1978) and as a synonym of Tetrastichus (BOUCEK 1974) GRAHAM (1985) gave it a new Status as a distinct genus, separated it (1987) from the known genera of Tetrastichinae, gave the main characters of the genus and its synonymy and prepared a diagnostic key for its European species BOUCEK (1988) studied the Australasian species of the genus and gave some synonymy KROMBEIN et al (1978) gave the genus Tetrastichomyia GIRAULT, 1916, as a synonym of Syntomosphyrum FOERSTER, 1878, which is already a synonym of Aprostocetus WESTWOOD, 1833 The genus was elevated to generic leyel by GRAHAM (1987), and he gave its main diagnostic characters in his work GRAHAM (1987) described the genus Koloptema, including three new species, and gave a key for the species By the works on the species of the genus Sigmophora in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München it was found that the species which can be identified under different genera, viz Tetrastichomyia Sigmophora, Koloptema, have many characters which are almost the same of those given by GRAHAM (1987) In my opinion the genera 179 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Tetrastichomyia and Koloptema are synonyms of Sigmophora May be, the Australian genus Aceratoneura GIRAULT & DODD, 1915 can also be united with Sigmophora by the characters given by BOUCEK (1988) Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867 Sigmophora RONDANI, 1867: 40 Type-species: Sigmophora scrophulariella RONDANI by monotypy (GRAHAM 1987) Lopodytes RONDANI, 1867a: Type-species: Lopodytes prunicola RONDANI by monotypy (Homonym of Lopodytes STAL, 1853; synonymized by GRAHAM 1985: 160) Eulophotetrastichus GIRAULT, 1913: 70 Type-species: Eulophotetrastichus io GIRAULT by original designation and monotypy (synonymized by GRAHAM 1985: 160) Euplectrotetrastichus GIRAULT, 1915: 262 Type-species: Euplectrotetrastichus spenceri GIRAULT by original designation (synonymized by BOUCEK 1988: 687) Tetrastichomyia IRAULT, 1916: 48 Type-species: Miotropis clisiocampae ASHMEAD by original designation, • syn nov Lopodytiscus GHESQUIERE, 1946: 370 (replacement name for Lopodytes RONDANI; synonymized by GRAHAM 1985:160) Koloptema GRAHAM, 1987: 80 Type-species: Koloplerna salina GRAHAM by original designation, - syn nov For the synonymy of Lopodytes, Eulophotetrastichus Euplectrotetrastichus and Lopodytiscus see GRAHAM 1985,1987 and BOUCEK 1988 GRAHAM (1987) stated that the main characters of Tetrastichomyia were the thorax with dorsellum divided medially, antenna with third annellus large, with several setae; scutellum without submedian lines, sublateral lines deep, their outer edge sharply carinate; vertex with a transverse ridge behind ocellar triangle; mid lobe of mesoscutum without median line; frons without transverse suture in front of median ocellus Most of these characters were also the diagnostic ones for Sigmophora and Koloptema, except divided dorsellum and large annellus for Sigmophora, in some species of which the third annellus is still the larger one and with some setae on it (figs and 694 of GRAHAM 1987) The main characters of Koloptema, which are given by GRAHAM (1987), are the first segment of mid and hind tarsi much shorter than the second (fig 11 and figs 38, 39, 73 of GRAHAM 1987) But the basi tarsi of mid and hind legs are sometimes also shorter than the second in Sigmophora (figs 3,4) In Koloptema malar sulcus with a sublinear fovea below eye, and in Sigmophora it has a subtriangular fovea (figs 40, 72 of GRAHAM 1987) The differences between them is only the shape of the foveae In my opinion the ratios of marginal vein and costal cell are not much important in generic laevel By studying the species in the Zoologische Staatssammlung it was found that the males of Sigmophora (= Koloptema) salina (GRAHAM, 1987) (newly found) have also a divided dorsellum, same as Tetrastichomyia (fig 13), it is also slightly indicated in the female dorsellum of salina from Corsica All of the specimens of salina have the first segment of mid and hind tarsi much shorter than the second (fig 11) The species which can be identified as Koloptema have also the third annellus large, with some setae (fig 10) On the other hand, male genitalia are very elongate in all of the species (figs 2, 14 and figs 557-560 of GRAHAM 1987) 180 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at In the new sense the main characters of Sigmophora are given as follows: Vertex with transverse carina behind lateral ocelli, carina becomes weaker in some species, sometimes a second one between ocelli; first segment of mid and hind tarsi very slightly to distinctly shorter thän second segment; dorsellum undivided or with a Channel or a ridge which separates it into two lobes; scutellum (flg 13) with a groove along hind margin, and with submedian lines slightly indicated or indistinct; male genitalia (figs 2, 14) very elongate, 8-14 times as long as broad; antenna of female with three annelli, the third of which at least slightly larger, mostly quadrate and with some setae, than the first two annelli combined (figs 1, 10); funicular and claval Segments; antenna of male (fig 12) with annelli, funicular and claval Segments, ventral plaque of scape extending at least half of its length, Segments of flagellum with compact subbasal whorls of long dark setae Malar sulcus with a sublinear, oblong or subtriangular fovea below eye (figs 40, 72 of GRAHAM 1987); body non-metallic, black or yellow Hosts: Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, especially the genus Asphondylia (GRAHAM 1987; BOUCEK 1988); Lepidoptera (KROMBEFN et al 1978); ex Salicomia-Nadeki (BACHMAIER in litt.) Distribution: Temperate to tropical regions of Old World (BOUCEK 1988); all continents of Old World (GRAHAM 1987); North America (KROMBEIN et al 1978) Species of Sigmophora S bilobata (GIRAULT) Neomphaloidella bilobata GIRAULT, 1929: 327-328 Transferred to Sigmophora by BOUCEK 1988: 687 S brevicornis (PANZER) Cynips brevicornis PANZER in SCHAFFER, 1804: 134 Transferred to Tetrastichus by SZELENYI 1941: 403, to Aprostocetusby GRAHAM 1961: 45, and to Sigmophora by GRAHAM 1985: 160 Synonymy: Cinips quercus ramuli F.; Cirrospilus armaenus WALKER; Cirrospilus zeuxo WALKER; Eulophus setiseries FÖRSTER; Eulophus verbasci DUFOUR; Lopodytes asphondyliae RONDANI; Lopodytes prunicola RONDANI; Sigmophora scrophulariella RONDANI; Geniocerus flavovarius (NEES) (for detailed information on the synonymy see GRAHAM 1987:77) New records: 12 9, 66, München, 22.VI.-30.VI 1967 (BACHMAIER); 9, Nördlingen, 11.VH1991 (DOGANLAR); 9, Salzburg Parsch, 2.X.1964 (BABIY); 9 , Bastia, Corsica, 4.V.1964 (BACHMAIER); 9, Etang de Biguglia, Corsica, 17.IV.1965 (BACHMAIER); 9, London, 8.-12.VH.1981 (DOGANLAR); 9, Zile, Tokat, Turkey, 6.V.1988 (CAM); 9, Tokat, Turkey, 11.V.-12.VI.1989 (CAM) GRAHAM (1987) stated that the Status of the species seems to be an agregate The study of the specimens from München showed that the shapes of hypopygia (figs 5-8), of annelli (fig 1) and of mid and hind tarsi (figs 3, 4) are quite different from the figures 73, 671, 694 of GRAHAM (1987) given for brevicornis The specimens from München may belong to the species described from Germany, such as brevicornis (PANZER), setiseries FÖRSTER In order to solve the problem, a study of the types of the species synonymized with brevicornis is badly needed 181 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at S clisiocampae (ASHMEAD), comb nov Miolropis clisiocampae ASHMEAD, 1894: 341 Transferrcd to Tetrastichomyia by GIRAULT 1916: 480, and to Syntomosphyrum by BURKS in KROMBHN et al 1978: 1004 S electra ( G I R A U L T ) Neotetrastichodes electra GlRAULT, 1915: 236 Transferred to Sigmophora by BOUCEK 1988: 687 S io ( G I R A U L T ) Eulophotetrastichus io GIRAULT, 1913: 70 Transferred to Neomphaloidella by GIRAULT 1913: 234, 236, and to Sigmophora by GRAHAM 1985: 160 Synonymy: Epitetrastichus x-carinatus GIRAULT, Neomphaloidella heracliti GIRAULT (BOUCEK 1988) S itaüca (DOMENICHINI) Tetrastichus italicus DOMENICHINL 1967: 92 Transferred to Sigmophora by GRAHAM 1985: 161 S kohatensis (Graham), comb nov Kolopterna kohatensis GRAHAM, 1987: 82 S orgyiae (GIRAULT), comb nov Tetrastichomyia orgyiae GIRAULT, 1916: 111 Transferred to Syntomosphyrum by BURKS in KROMBEIN etal 1978: 1005 Synonymy: Syntomosphyrum orgyiazele BURKS, 1978 in KROMBEIN et al 1978: 1005 Replacement name (unnecessary) for Tetrastichomyia orgyiae, - syn nov S otys (WALKER) Cirrospilus otys WALKER, 1839: 47-48 Transferred to Tetrastichus by WALKER 1846: 80, and to Sigmophora by GRAHAM 1985: 161 Synonymy: Neomphaloidella glucki GIRAULT; Neomphloidea parkmani GIRAULT (BOUCEK 1988) S quartensis (GRAHAM), comb nov Kolopterna quartensis GRAHAM, 1987: 83 saüna (GRAHAM), comb nov Kolopterna salina GRAHAM, 1987: 81, 82 New records: 9, 66, Port du Ficori, Bastia, Corsica, 17.VII.1968, ex S