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Hệ thống kích từ số GEX 2000 dùng cho nhà máy nhiệt điện, loại kích từ không chổi than. Miêu tả về khối chức năng, giá trị cài đặt, hướng dẫn sử dụng trong vận hành và sửa chữa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual GEX-2000 Generator Excitation Regulator Technical documentation Beijing KeDianYiHeng Electric Power Technology CO., Ltd Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual Contents INTRODUCTION FUNCTION DESCRIPTION 2.1 MAJOR LOOP 2.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2.3 RECTIFIER BRIDGE 2.4 DE-EXCITATION AND OVER-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT 2.4.1 Calculation and choice of de-excitation resistance 2.4.2 Rotor over-voltage protection 2.5 FIELD FLASHING CIRCUIT 2.6 REGULATOR CONTROL UNIT 2.6.1 Collection of analog quantities 2.6.2 Switching value input and output 2.6.3 Communication 2.6.4 Human-computer interface 2.6.4.1 Keyboard 2.6.4.2 LED indicator light 2.6.4.3 Home screen display 2.6.4.4 Instructions of menu operation 10 2.6.4.5 Display measurement 11 2.6.4.6 Parameters menu 12 2.6.4.7 Protect switching menu 15 2.6.4.8 Input status menu 15 2.6.4.9 Transmission test menu 16 2.6.4.10 System test menu 17 2.6.4.11 Fault remember menu 17 2.6.4.12 Fault wave form menu 18 2.6.4.13 Event recording menu 19 2.6.4.14 Precision adjustment menu 19 2.6.4.15 Unit parameter menu 19 2.6.4.16 System setup menu 20 2.6.4.17 Test option menu 21 2.6.4.18 Other test menu 22 2.7 POWER SUPPLY 22 OPERATION 23 3.1 INTRODUCTION OF OPERATION PANEL 3.2 OPERATION METHOD 23 24 3.3 INCREASE/DECREASE MAGNET OPERATION 3.4 SOFT START 25 3.5 SYSTEM VOLTAGE TRACKING 26 26 3.4 NORMAL OPENING STEPS (LOCAL) 26 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual 3.5 NORMAL CLOSING OPERATION 27 3.9 FAULT WARNING AND PROCESSING 27 MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT 4.1 DAILY INSPECTION 4.2 MAINTENANCE 28 28 28 UPPER COMPUTER MONITORING 28 5.1 INSTALLATION AND STARTUP 29 5.2 CONNECTION TYPE 29 5.2.1 Single channel 29 5.2.2 Two-channel 29 5.3 SYSTEM SETTING 29 5.4 FUNCTIONS 30 CENTRAL CONTROL DESIGN GUIDELINE 35 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF GEX-2000C/D MICROCOMPUTER EXCITATION REGULATOR 36 7.1 UNIT FEATURES 36 7.1.1 Main features 36 7.1.2 Operation environment 37 7.2 MAIN FUNCTIONS AND TECHNICAL CRITERIA 37 7.2.1 Main functions 37 7.2.1.1 Adjustment and control function 38 7.2.1.2 Limit and protection function 38 7.2.1.3 Other auxiliary functions 38 7.2.2 Main technical criteria 39 7.2.2.1 Analog-digit converter input parameter 39 7.2.2.2 Volume of switching value input/output 40 7.2.2.3 Output parameter 40 7.2.2.4 Network interface 40 7.2.2.5 Power supply parameter 40 7.2.2.6 Criteria parameter 40 7.3 PRINCIPAL INTRODUCTION 41 7.3.1 Main Principal 41 7.3.2 Single Board Principle 42 7.4 SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION 45 7.4.1 Master Scheduler Program 45 7.4.2 Interrupt Routine 46 7.5 COMMUNICATION AGREEMENT 50 PSS TEST METHOD AND STEP 55 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual 1 Introduction As a product of GEX series of Beijing KeDianYiHeng Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd., GEX2000C/D micro-computer excitation unit is applied in synchronous generators excitation system It is designed with single cabinet, featured with compact structure, easy installation and perfect function, applies to hydro-power generating units and thermal power generating units The general cabinet size is 800(width)×600(depth)×2260(height) 2 Function Description GEX-2000C/D excitation unit is comprised of major loop unit, regulator control unit, power unit and operating and signal indicating unit Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual 2.1 Major loop 2.2 System configuration Mode GEX-2000C/D Config Exc Trans √ Rectifier Bridge √ Field OV √ Protction De-Exc.Circuit Linear De-Excitation Field Flash DC Power Exc.Regulator Redundant Fan √ 2.3 Rectifier Bridge The three-phase fully-controlled rectifier bridge is composed of six thyristor Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual Ud is the DC output voltage U2 is the AC input phase-to-phase voltage αis the controlled angle Ud=1.35U2Cosα Excitation regulator adjust controlled angle α continuously according to generator and busbar conditions Three-phase fully-controlled rectifier bridge should be work under three operation conditions,according to the different controlled ange α When 0°1.1Ifdn or Ifd50%, send the signal and additional excitation will be limited When H0>80%, convert to the manual operation mode and control the excitation current under 1.1 times of the rated excitation current When H0 the set value, activate the lock and increase magnet After V/Hz signals are sent, restrict to increase the magnet b) When V/Hz>(the set value + 0.05), V/Hz failure indicating light on the panel is still on Through the movement of V/Hz relay, the excitation regulator will be converted into manual mode One second later, if V/Hz still moves, this channel exits from the running mode c) When the frequency is higher than 45Hz but lower than 47.5Hz, the set value of the automatic operation voltage shall be reduced in equal proportion d) When the frequency is lower than 45Hz, exit from the running mode immediately Self-inspection protection of the system 49 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual The self-inspection function of the system covers the examination of the memorizer, SCR failure and communication failure, etc In case of a failure, send the channel failure signal and exit from the running mode of this channel For the main backup system, the backup channel will be activated automatically 7) Failure filtering Record all collected Analog quantity data in 10 seconds before and after a failure happens GEX2000C/D records groups of filtering data according to the principle of first-in first-out Filtering data can be uploaded to the upper computer for analysis and printing 8) Filtering test Filtering data of the channel in second before the test is started and in 19 seconds after the test is started can be recorded There are 12 record channels Wave shape can be shown on the LED display and can be uploaded on the upper computer for analysis and printing The phase step quantity and time of the phase step test in the menu 9) Failure traceability Record the time when 20 groups of failures happen back and forth as well as the value of failure movements 10) Test function Summing point positions of signals can be set through this function, PSS compensated test enabling signals and PSS uncompensated test enabling signals can set the constant trigger output of the regulator The size of the output trigger can be adjusted between the maximum set trigger and the minimum set trigger The time constant of the interflow excitation machine can be determined through this operation 11) Track switch Under the manual operation mode, the automatic channel tracks the voltage of the generator in real time; under the automatic operation mode, the manual channel delays 30 seconds to track the rotor current (or output current) Undisturbed switch can be realized between the two running ways High speed communication shall be realized between double channels through CAN bus so as to exchange their running data and make the back channel finish tracking the running channel Meanwhile, the regulator works out the relevant trigger according to the current of the rotor Results of the two tracking ways are compared in real time, to avoid wrong codes that may appear in the communication process and causing wrong tracking and to guarantee the reliability of the system Before an artificial switch test is carried out in the gallery, check if the working mode of the channel is the tracking mode, the trigger shown in the tracking channel is the same with the trigger in the running channel, UGR of given values of automatic voltage and IFR are equal respectively 12) Selection of the running way There are four running ways for the regulator: Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) Automatic excitation regulation (AER) Automatic power factor regulation Automatic reactive power regulation Undisturbed switch can be carried out in the above four running ways The last two regulation methods are auxiliary functions based on the first regulation method 7.5 Communication Agreement Modbus communication stipulations are adopted for serial communication between the excitation system and the monitoring system The acquiescent setting is as follows: 50 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual Stand No 1~255 (Any one between CHA and CHB must be odd and the other one must be even.) Bund rate 9600bit/s (selectable ) Data bit bits Stop bit bit Odd-even verification None Remote signal order: e.g 01 02 00 00 00 90 78 66 Ask: Address Functio Sub- Sub- Data input Data input Verification of nal functiona functional High bit of points (bit) Low bit of points CRC16 bits code l code code 02 00 00 00 90H (fixed as 90) Byte High order Low order length of data of data Return: Address Functio nal Verification of CRC16 code 02 bits 12H H L H-L High order is ahead and low order is behind Remote measurement order (Analog quantity) e.g.: 01 04 00 00 00 27 b0 10 Ask: Addr Functio High order of ess nal sub-functional code code Low order of High order of sub-functional data length (byte) Low order of data VERIFI length (byte) CATION code OF CRC16 BITS 04 00 00 00 27 Return: Addr ess Functio Byte length (pure High order of Low order of nal data) data set data set code VERIFICATI ON OF CRC16 BITS 04 51 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual Order and message analysis information Remote signal: Functional Sub-functional code code 02H 0000H Point (9×16) Content description (byte) 144 1) Channel operation and failure symbol 2) Reserve 3) Reserve 4) Reserve 5) Reserve 6) switching quantity input 7) Reserve 8) Reserve 9) Reserve Table I: Bit definition Channel operation and Switch positioning failure symbol Name of IO_OUTPUT IO_INPUT Automatic running Field suppression switch variable BIT0 (normal close) BIT1 Manual running Raising voltage from zero BIT2 PSS input Connecting point of synchronous switch BIT3 Constant reactive Inversion /stop order operation BIT4 Constant power factor #1SCR failure BIT5 PT disconnection #2SCR failure BIT6 V/Hz protection Backup BIT7 Over-excitation limit PSS input BIT8 Under-excitation limit Channel input/exit (exciting order) BIT9 Self-inspection failure Channel running /tracking (channel selection) BIT10 Power bridge failure Automatic /Manual running BIT11 Pulse loss magnetism increase BIT12 Backup Demagnetization 52 No 2345789 Reserve Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual BIT13 Trip Constant reactive BIT14 Halt other channel Constant power factor BIT15 Halt Automatic exit input Remote measurement (Analog quantity list) Note: The rated working condition refers to the rated parameters on the nameplate of the generator No Variable Description name Sending Actual conversion relation quantity under the rated working condition UAB1 Measurement PT 3276 voltage Displayed value =(sending quantity ữ3276)ìrated stator voltage UBC1 ,, ,, ,, UCA1 ,, ,, ,, IA Stator current 3276 Displayed value =( sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage IB ,, ,, IC ,, ,, UAB2 Instrument PT 3276 voltage UBC2 ,, ,, UCA2 ,, ,, 10 USAB System voltage 3276 Displayed value =(Sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage 11 USB ,, ,, 12 USC ,, ,, 13 URAN White noise test 3276 signal 14 BAK Backup 15 US Three-phase average 3276 value of the system Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage voltage 53 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual No Variable Description name Sending Actual conversion relation quantity under the rated working condition 16 IG Three-phase average 3276 value of rotor Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator current current 17 UG1 Three-phase average 3276 value of Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage measurement PT 18 UG2 Three-phase average 3276 value of instrument Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage PT 19 UFD rotor voltage 3276 Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276))ìrated rotor voltage 20 IFD rotor current 3276 Displayed value =(IFDữ3276)ìrated rotor current 21 P active power Actual value Displayed value =sending quantityữ10 ì10 22 Q reactive power Actual value Displayed value =sending quantityữ10 ì10 23 ARF SCR trigger Actual value Displayed value =sending quantityữ10 ì10 24 F0 System frequency Actual value Displayed value =sending quantityữ100 ì100 25 26 UG_RE Given value of F automatic operation IF_REF Given value of 3276 Displayed value =(sending quantityữ3276)ìrated stator voltage 3276 manual operation Displayed value = (IFDữ3276)ìrated rotor current 27 ILB Backup 3276 28 ILA Backup 3276 29 U12V Equipped with 12V 3276 power 30 U5V Equipped with 5V 3276 power 31 H0 Over-excitation heat Actual value 54 Displayed value is added with ”%” as the unit Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual No Variable Description name Sending Actual conversion relation quantity under the rated working condition productivity of the rotor 32 COS Power factor Actual value Displayed value =sending quantityữ1000 ì1000 33 F1 Rectifier power Actual value frequency 34~ Displayed value =sending quantityữ10 ì10 Reserve 39 PSS Test Method and Step 1) Test condition: the active power of the generator shall be more than 80% of the rated power After the regulator finishes setting PID data automatically and dynamic response indexes have been proved to be qualified, connect the voltage on the generator side to the input channel of the frequency spectrometer, connect the relevant wires of the filter, and be sure that CT wire shall not be disconnected 2) Set the running channel of the regulator; 3) Enter the main menu of the regulator>> test selection >> Test enable signal >> Be sure to be forbidden; 4) Enter the main menu of the regulator again >> precision adjustment >> Set URAN to be 0.020 (the change of 1V electrical level output by the frequency spectrumer of this value corresponds with 2% of the standard unit change) 5) Connect the signal of the white noise of the frequency spectrumer to (ground) and (signal) on the phoenix terminal of the main board of the running regulator; 6) Enter the main menu of the regulator >> Display the measurement, pay attention to observing the display value of URAN and increase the electric level (LEVEL) of the white noise of the frequency spectrumer gradually If the measurement value of URAN increases accordingly, it means the noise measurement channel is normal and the next step of the test can be carried out 7) Reduce the electrical level (LEVEL) of the white noise of the frequency spectrumer to and set the output to be OFF 8) Enter the main menu of the regulator >> test option >> test type >> set it to be non-compensation, set the test, set the summing point of test signals as 0, and set the enabling of test signals into “allowable”; 9) Allow the signal output of white noise of the frequency spectrumer, increase the electrical level of output gradually, so as to make the sway of the generator voltage meet its requirement and to start the analysis on frequency characteristics; 10) Read non-compensation frequency characteristics within 5Hz; 55 Generator Excitation System Technology and Operation Manual 11) Calculate frequency characteristics; 12) Enter the main menu of the regulator >> parameter setting >> PSS parameters >> input the calculated parameter values gradually; 13) Enter the main menu of the regulator>> test option >> test type >> set it as compensation, set the summing point of test signals as 11, and finally set the enabling of test signals as allowable Then repeat step and step 10 to check PSS compensation frequency until parameters meet their requirements; 14) PSS critical margin test: increase PSS margin KSI gradually until the voltage of the generator appear electromagnetic ring oscillation Then input 1/3 parameters into KSI; 15) Put PSS of the regulator into the test and enter the main menu of the regulator >> test option >> test type >> set it to be ended, set the summing point of test signals as 0, and set the enabling of the test signals as “forbidden” Set PSS amplitude limit as 5%, and put the exit value into use and set it as the required value; 16) Enter the main menu of the regulator >> Measurement display and pay attention to observe the display value of UPSS When this value is basically, put on PSS switch into use Observe if the fluctuation condition of the reactive power is in the permitted scope If the fluctuation is too large, KS1 can be reduced appropriately; 17) PSS result verification: after PSS can exit the operation, carry out the phase step test for 2%-4% of generator voltage, make a record and analyze the oscillation frequency of the active power Put PSS into operation and repeat the above phase step test and make a record The method for the phase step test is: enter the main menu >> system test >> Set the phase step quantity as the required quantity and set the phase step time as 10s Move the cursor to the starting position and press the key “Enter” Thus the phase step starts and stops ten seconds later After the next 10 seconds, the program stops recording automatically The original position changes from ending to starting In case of an abnormal condition after the phase step starts, press the confirmation key immediately and the phase step test stops immediately; 18) Carry out the reverse regulation test for PSS, put PSS into operation, the active power of the generator will be changed at the permitted maximum speed, start recording and record if the reverse regulation pheromone caused by the change of the reactive power can meet the relevant requirements; 19) Input the tested parameters into the tracking channel, make a simple test to check if the channel is in good condition, and then the test is over 56 ... system GEX2 000C/D excitation unit has various operation methods for choice, besides, sets some operation status inside the controller, such as automatic status, manual status, fault status, principle... GUIDELINE 35 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF GEX- 2000C/D MICROCOMPUTER EXCITATION REGULATOR 36 7.1 UNIT FEATURES 36 7.1.1 Main features 36 7.1.2 Operation environment... reactive operation swings sharply (over excitation and under excitation) and can not return to stable status when GEX- 2000 gives warning, the operator should decide whether to stop the machine for processing