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SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (ADVANCED) Can you understand what this paper means? sense => Can you ……make sense of…… this paper? It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday needn’t => You ……needn’t have met… me at the airport yesterday It was unkind of you to talk to her like that not => You …should not have talked… to her like that I saw the film although I strongly dislike thrillers spite => I saw the film in …spite of my strong dislike… of thrillers It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain makes => The rain …makes it impossible… to play tennis I’ve never tasted such good food before ever => It is the …best food I’ve ever… tasted Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night? let => Do your parents …let you watch… TV late at night? “Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother she => I asked my mother …whether/if she had written… a note for Anna He gave me the money first, and then he left after => He left ……after he had given me/after giving me… the money 10 I don’t find it difficult to get up early any more used => I …am used to getting… up early 11 He really likes correcting her English pleasure => He …takes pleasure in… correcting her English 12 It’s not necessary to take a lot of luggage when going on holiday much => You don’t need much/ needn’t take much/ don’t have to take much luggage when going on holiday 13 Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet may => He …may not have received… the doctor’s results yet 14 All I want you to is to look after my dog care => All I want you to is to …take care of… my dog 15 She was not certain about the trip decide => She …could not decide… about the trip 16 He locked the gate so that the dog wouldn’t escape prevent => He locked the gate …to prevent the dog (from)… escaping 17 They did not like to pay extra taxes objected => They …objected to paying… extra taxes 18 The day was so nice that we went on a picnic such => It was …such a nice day… that we went on a picnic 19 The only person I didn’t see was Jane except => I …saw everyone except… Jane 20 She decided to visit her friend and tell her the news drop => She decided to …drop in on… her friend and tell her the news 21 We have to reduce our expenses cut => We have to …cut down on… our expenses 22 “Can you please explain this to me?” she asked the teacher if => She asked the teacher …if she could explain that… to her 23 Perhaps he’s working late may => He …may be working… late 24 Nobody ever told me about it never => I …was never told… about it 25 “I’ll pick him up from the airport,” she said offered => She …offered to pick him up… from the airport 26 I was so shocked that I couldn’t react wasn’t => I …wasn’t calm enough to… react 27 People say Greek is a difficult language to learn said => Greek …is said to be a… difficult language to learn 28 The police have investigated the crime by => The crime …has been investigated by… the police 29 Without your help, I would never have managed you => If …you hadn`t helped me…, I would never have managed 30 The manager made the employees stay late made => The employees …were made to stay late… by the manager 31 He knows everything about flowers expert => He …is an expert on… flowers 32 If you are not old enough you cannot watch certain films age => If you …are under age… you cannot watch certain films 33 I regret that I gave him the money lent => If only …I hadn’t lent… him the money 34 It was such a boring movie that we left so => The movie …was so boring… that we left 35 People say that the pyramids are worth visiting supposed => The pyramids …are supposed to be… worth visiting 36 John cannot possibly borrow the car tonight question => It’s …out of the question… for John to borrow the car tonight 37 Could I continue what I was doing? get => Could I …get on with… what I was doing? 38 Mary is slower at doing things than Jill fast => Mary is …not as fast as… Jill at doing things 39 I can’t make up my mind about the colour decide => I …cannot decide on… the colour 40 There are times when you have to things by yourself own => There are times when you have to things …on your own… 41 You were late, so you missed the match wouldn’t => If you hadn’t …been late you wouldn’t have… missed the match 42 I am sorry I forgot your birthday wish => I …wish I hadn’t forgotten… your birthday 43 The burglar managed to escape without punishment get => The burglar managed to …get away without… punishment 44 He failed the test because he did not study enough attributed => His failure in the test …was attributed to his… not studying enough 45 I wonder if you can lend me something to wear tonight mind => Would …you mind lending me… something to wear tonight? 46 We can’t decide where to go on holidays decision => We can’t …make a decision about… where to go on holidays 47 Can you take me to the station by car? give => Can you …give me a lift… to the station? 48 You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry up unless => You will miss the bus …unless you hurry up… 49 It is likely that they have already left may => They …may have already… left 50 How much is the bus fare from London to Cambridge? cost => How much …does it cost to go/travel… from London to Cambridge by bus? 51 Sally has not come to school because she has been sick absent => Sally …has been absent from … school because she has been sick 52 It is often difficult to find an answer to a problem solution => Finding …a solution to… a problem is often difficult 53 I was lucky you let me stay with you for the night put => I was lucky you …put me up… for the night 54 I advised him to stop smoking suggested => I …suggested (that) he… stop smoking 55 They are going to up my room have => I’m going to …have my room… decorated 56 Jane doesn’t often see Mike seldom => Jane …seldom sees… Mike 57 I can understand this quite well easy => It’s …easy for me to… understand this 58 My mother doesn’t like us to stay out late approve => My mother doesn’t …approve of us/our staying… out late 59 Mary is employed by IBM, isn’t she? works => Mary …works for IBM, doesn’t… she? 60 They could not understand what she said difficulty => They …had difficulty in understanding… what she said 61 There is no sugar left run => We have …run out of… sugar 62 ‘New World’ Advertising is considering your application is => Your application …is being considered by… ’New World’ Advertising 63 The shelf was so high that he couldn’t reach it enough => The shelf was not …low enough for him to… reach 64 I’ve never seen such a bad film ever => It’s the …worst film I have ever… seen 65 “Don’t open it!” he said warned => He …warned me not to… open it 66 She has never told me lies before first => It’s …the first time she has… told me lies 67 “I didn’t start the fire!” he said denied => He …denied that he had started/ starting/ having started… the fire 68 Study hard because you may write a test tomorrow case => Study hard …in case you write… a test tomorrow 69 I’m sure he took the cheque-book with him must => He …must have taken… the cheque-book with him 70 What a pity! don’t know how to dance wish => I …wish I knew… how to dance 71 We would rather stop than continue in this manner prefer => We …‘d prefer to stop… than to continue in this manner 72 Mother told Tom that he had to go to bed early must => ‘You to …must go… bed early,’ Mother told Tom 73 I last saw her at the end of May since => I …haven’t seen her since… the end of May 74 I’ll never be able to persuade her to agree with the idea bring => I’ll never …bring her round… to the idea 75 She could not understand how they were related connection => She could not understand …their connection… to her 76 I don’t think I can afford to buy this dress have => I don’t think I …have enough… money to buy this dress 77 He is helping his mother so that they can finish quickly order => He is helping his mother …in order to finish… quickly 78 I found my old diary by chance came => I …came across… my old diary by chance 79 He was very rude when he spoke to the old man politely => He …did not speak politely to… the old man 80 She caught the early bus so that she would not be late for work avoid => She caught the early bus …to avoid being… late for work 81 The football match was postponed due to the rain put => The football match was …put off… due to the rain 82 There was no one here except John apart => There was no one here …apart from… John 83 You will have to pay at least £500 to get that watch impossible => You’ll find it …impossible to get/buy… that watch for less than £500 84 I don’t want to eat this now rather => I …’d rather not… eat this now 85 ‘Shall I turn on the light?’ Sue asked Jill wanted => Sue asked Jill …if/whether she wanted… the light turned on 86 Mother walked in quietly so as to avoid waking the baby order => Mother walked in quietly …in order not to wake… the baby 87 It’s possible that she didn’t understand what I had said might => She …might not have understood… what I had said 88 I couldn’t concentrate fully because of the loud music difficult => The loud music …made it difficult to concentrate… fully 89 The tea is too hot to drink enough => The tea … isn’t cool/cold enough… to drink 90 She is certain to have heard about it on the news must => She …must have heard… about it on the news Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it Example: I expect that he will get there by lunch time Answer: I expect him to get there by lunch time a) We couldn't have managed without my father's money If it b) I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back Hardly c) It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England The English owe d) “If my members agree to that I'll be very surprised.” said the union delegate The union delegate observed that e) White I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time Despite my f) I'm sorry I missed Professor Baker's lecture I'm sorry not g) We may not be able to give the concert The concert h) I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test It came Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way Example: Jonh inllated the typres of his bicycle BLEW Answer: John blew up the typres of his bicycle a) We'd better leave them a note, because it's possible they'll arrive later CASE b) Before he came here he worked for Mr Smith PREVIOUS c) He speaks German extremely well COMMAND d) His criticisms are quite unfair JUSTIFICATION e) I can't understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract BAFFLED f) I always find chess problems like that quite impossible DEFEAT g) This must be kept secret KNOW h) I can't afford a new dress; that old blue one will have to MAKE Đáp án Exercise a) If it hadn't been for my father's money, we couldn't have managed b) Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back c) The English owe ( the introduction of ) potatoes and tobacco to Walter Raleigh To owe sb for st = to owe st to sb d) The union delegate observed that he would be very surpised if his members agreed e) Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time f) I'm sorry not to have heard/ attended Profressor Baker's letter g) The concert may have to be cancelled h) It came as no surprise ( to me ) that Harry had failed his driving test Exercise a) We'd better leave them a note in case they arrive later b) Before he came here, his previous boss/ employer was Mr Smith c) He has an excellent command of German To have a good command of st = to grasp = to master d) There is no justification for his criticisms e) I am baffled by their reluctance to sign the contract Baffled = to be difficult to understand f) Chess problems like that ( always ) defeat me g) You mustn't let anyone ( else ) know ( this ) h) I can't afford a new dress; I'll (have to) make with that old blue one Make with = to manage with sth that is not adequate or satisfactory Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it Example: I expect that he will get there by lunch time Answer: I expect him to get there by lunch time a) I only recognised him when he came into the light Not until b) That rumour about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false There is c) One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race One runner was so d) My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known I've e) They never made us anything we didn't want to We f) The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of th Prime Minister Had it not g) It is quite pointless to complain There's no Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way a) You can't possibly expect me to have supper ready by o'clock QUESTION b) It is my opinion that there is not advantage in further discussion SEE c) Please excuse Jane's poor typing; she's only been learning for a month ALLOWANCES d) There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test BOUND e) Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous CONTRARY f) If Smith hadn't broken his leg, he would have played football for England REPRESENTED g) This hotel is inaccessible in winter POSSIBLE h) As far as I know he is still working in Bristol KNOWLEDGE Đáp án Exercise a) Not until he came into the light did I recognise him b) There is ( absolutely ) no truth in that rumour about the politician and the construction contract c) One runner was so exhausted ( that ) he couldn't/ was unable to complete the last lap of the race d) I've never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother ( was ) e) We were never made to anything we didn't want to f) Had it not been for the death of the Prime Minister the bill would have been passed g) There's no point in complaining Exercise a) There is no question of supper being ready by o'clock b) As fae as I can see, there is no advantage in further disscussion c) Please make allowances for Jane's poor typing; she's only been learning for a month d) That young man is bound to fail in this test e) Contrary to ( its ) ( harmless ) appearance, the dog was, in fact, quite dangerous f) If Smith hadn't broken his leg, he would have represented England g) It's not possible to get to/ to reach this hotel in winter h) To ( the best of ) my knowledge, he is still working in Britol Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided Example: Andrea / get along very well / new job.// Answer: Andrea is getting along very well in her new job a) New machinery / put in / this year / with a view / increase output.// b) Ragards / your application / regret to infrom / vacancy / already / fill.// c) Regard / complaints / afraid / nothing / say.// d) Addition / have considerable experience / new secretary / bilingual.// e) Stand to reason / apply for a job / person / use a computer / advantages / those / cannot.// f) Parens / once / well-off / go out of business.// g) Keep / eye / baby / while / buy / milk.// h) Speak / louder / he / hard of hearing.// i) Sorry / slip / tongue.// j) Wait / tip / tougue.// k) He / cannot afford / small flat / suburb / let alone / big house / city centre.// l) January / alone / forty break-ins / outskirts / city.// m) They / advantage / hospitality / stay / whole week / without / pay.// n) I / be used / get up early / don't mind / leave / o'clock / morning.// o) He / used to / go hunting / forests / younger.// Đáp án a) New machinery has been put in this year with a view to incresing output b) As regards your application, I regret to inform you that the vacancy has already been taken c) With ragard to your complaints I'm afraid I have nothing to say d) In addition to having considerable experience the new secretary is aslo bilinggual e) It stands to reason that when applying for a job a person who can use a computer has advantages over those who cannot f) His/ her parents were once well-off but they went out of business g) Please keep an eye on my baby while I buy some milk h) Can you speak ( a little ) bit louder; he is hard of hearing I) I'm terribly/ awfully sorry, that's only a slip of the tongue j) Wait! It's on the tip of my tongue k) He cannot afford a small flat in the suburb, let alone a big house in the city centre l) In January alone, there were forty break-ins on the outskirts of the city m) They took advantages of my/ our hospitality and stayed the whole week without paying n) I'm used to getting up early so I don't mind leaving at o'clock in the morning o) He used to go hunting in forests when he was younger Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it a) The workers only called of the strike after a new pay offer Only after b) He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery He received a c) She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear phone ring perfectly well She wasn't so d) You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs Jones Mrs Jones is e) My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year I was f) It was his incompetence which led to their capture If h) I'm certainly not going to give you any more money I have no Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way a) I don't think there will be any applicants for this post LIKELIHOOD b) It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news HARDLY c) You must make allowances for his inexprience ACCOUNT d) This contract is not binding until we both sign it BOUND e) He wasn't to blame for the accident FAULT f) You shouldn't take his help for granted ASSUME Đáp án Exercise a) Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike b) He received a sentence of months for his part in the robbery c) She wasn't so deaf/ hard of hearing that she couldn't hear the phone d) Mrs Jones is the most generous person you will/ could ever ( be likely ) to meet e) I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year f) If he hadn't been so incompetent they wouldn't have been captured g) I have no intention of giving you any more money Exercise a) There is little/ no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post b) Susan could hardly believe the good news c) You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience d) Neither ( one ) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it e) The accident was not his fault f) You should not assume ( that ) he will help you Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided a) Hardly / I / water / garden / begin / rain.// b) Who / take / minutes / last meeting?// c) Permanent members / United Nations / Security Council / hve a veto / proposal.// d) I / take / granted / she / take shorthand.// e) She / furiuos / he / take / notice / her.// f) No point / join / club / full of eccentrics.// g) She / never / fail / word / so far.// h) His account / far / true.// I) He / mortage / house / start / bussiness.// j) They / pay / house / monthly installments.// k) I / call / police / resort.// l) Standard practice / pay a deposit / order.// Đáp án a) Hardly had I wanted the garden when/ before it began to rain b) Who took the minutes of the last meeting? c) Permanent members of the UN Security Council have a veto over a proposal d) I take it for granted that she can take shorthand e) She was furious because he took no notice of her f) There's no point in joining tht club because it seems to be full of eccentrics g) She has never failed to keep her word so far h) His account was far from ( being ) true I) He mortgaged his/ the house in order to start his own business j) They ( have ) paid for the/ their house by monthly installments k) I only called the police as my/ a last resort l) It is standard practice to pay a deposit with one's order Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it a) Our hotel booking hasn't been confirmed We haven't received b) The salesman told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday According c) The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this attitude There have d) It's not certain that Jones will get the job It is open e) Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made No sooner f) As I get older, I want to travel less The older g) Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness Alan's illness Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way a) Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbour helped him 10 WITHOUT b) Nobody is infallble MISTAKES c) The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul TOOK d) He talked about nothing expect the weather SOLE e) In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club REGRETS f) It is stupid of you to refuse Richard's offer of a loan IDIOT g) The company has decided to replace this model INTENTION h) In the next few year we'll probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution LIKELY Đáp án Exercise a) We haven't received confirmation of/ about our hotel booking ( yet ) b) According to the salesman my new car would/ will be delivered next Wednesday c) There heve been very few sightings of the Yeti d) It is open to question whether Jones will get the job e) No sooner haf the announcement been made than everyone started complaining f) The older I get the less I want to travel g) Alan's illness was caused by/ brought about/ due to/ the result of his working too hard at the office Exercise a) Without the help of his neighbour Mr Bill would/ could not/ never have repaired the garage roof b) We all make mistakes./ Everyone makes mistakes./ Everyone can makes mistakes c) The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul d) His sole topic Subject of conversation was the weather e) I had no regrets about/ on/ over/ leaving the club in the end f) You are an idiot to refuse Richard's offer of a loan 11 g) It's the company's intention to replace this model h) We're likely to hera a lot more about environmental pollution in the next few years Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided a) Very deep freezer / I / look for.// b) Steps / make / wine / follow.// c) How old / be / vote / your country?// d) Privatization / think / beneficial / in that / promote competition.// e) They argue / sake / argue.// f) He / torn / love / duty.// g) We / office / his expense.// h) It / being / holiday / few shops / open.// i) His plans / a recipe / failure.// j) German and Italian courses / hold / Munich and Rome / respectively.// k) He / not / sense of humour.// l) Novel / adapt / radio / English original.// m) Needless / say / you / must / have a driving licence / drive a car.// Đáp án a) This is the very deep freezer ( that ) I am/ have been looking for b) The steps of makinh wine are as follows c) How old you have to be to vote in your country? d) Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition e) They argue for the sake of argueing f) He was torn between love and duty g) We had coffee at his expense h) It being a holiday, very few shops are open I) His plans are a recipe for failure j) German and Italian courses are held in Munich and Rome respectively k) He doesn't/ didn't have much sense of humour l) The/ His/ Her .novel has been adapted for radio from the English original m) Needless to say, you must have a driving licance to drive a car Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it a) Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test As long as b) Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill No sooner c) The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider There has been 12 d) You think that fat people are always jolly, but you are wrong Contracy e) My boss works better when he's pressed for time The less f) The patient recovered more rapidly than expected The patient made g) There isn't a pair of thermal socks left in the shop Madam! We are completely h) Their chances of success are small It is not Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way a) Their problems are all self-inflicted MAKING b) The travel agent was able to offer a 50% reduction on holidays to the Costa Brava HALF c) If you take that job, you'll have to get up at a.m every morning MEAN d) The only thing thet could was to look for a new flat ALTERNATIVE e) His last letter to me was written three years ago HEARD f) If only one could rely on what he says PITY g) An open fire can't be compared to central heating COMPARISON h) I remember very few things about my childhood SCARCELY Đáp án Exercise a) As long as you ( can ) keep/ stay calm, you will/ should/ ought to pass your driving test b) No sooner had he been/ was he appointed to the post than the new editor feel ill c) There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider d) Contracy to your belief/ opinion, fat people are not always jolly e) The less time my boss has, the better he works f) The patient made a more rapid/ a quicker/ faster recovery than expected g) We are completely ( sold ) out of thermal socks, Madam! h) It is not ( very ) likely ( that ) they will succeed Exercise a) Their problems are all of their own making b) The travel agent was able to offer half-price holidays to the Costa Brava c) Takinh that job will mean ( that ) you'll have to get up at a.m every morning d) They had no alternative but to look for a new flat e) I haven't heard from him for years/ I last heard from him years ago f) It's a pity ( that ) one/ we cannot rely on what she says g) There is no comparison between an open fire and central heating h) I can scarcely remember anything/ a thing about my childhood 13 Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided a) Queensland / second largest state / Australia.// b) Your spoken English / better / your written English / vice-versa ?// c) Her writing / better / her reading / other way round ?// d) government / try / wipe out / drug trafficking.// e) Gone / day / when / you / buy / three-course meal / under £ 1.00.// f) Firms / interested / employ people / over forty / let alone / over fifty.// g) My English / not good / read novels / original.// h) She / never / read books / translation.// I) He / die / glass of beer.// j) London / five hours / ahead / New York.// k) Hanoi / one hour / ahead / behind Bangkok ?// l) Recent developments / have far-reaching consequences / country's economy.// m) Two sides / fail / agreement.// n) Difficult / feel / home / foreign language.// o) You / entitled / drive a car / without your driver's licence.// Đáp án a) Queensland is the second largest state in Australia b) Is your spoken Englisch better than your written English or vice-versa? c) Is her writing better than her reading or the other way round? d) The government tries/ is trying to wipe out drug trafficking e) Gone are the days when you could buy a three-course meal for under £ 1.00 f) Firms are not interested in employing people over forty, let alone over fifty g) My English is not good enough to read novels in the original h) She nevr reads books in translation I) He's dying for a glass of beer j) London is about five hours ahead of New York k) Is hanoi one hour ahead of or behind Bangkok? l) Recent developments may/ could/ will have far-reaching consequences for the country's economy m) The sides failed to reach agreement n) It's difficult to feel at home in a foreign language o) You are not entitled to drive a car withou your diver's licence Writing – Week Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it 14 a) The rail workers not intend to call off their strike The rail workers have no b) Mrs Scott is proud of her cooking Mrs Scott prides c) It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us If it hadn't d) It wasn't a bit surprise to hear that Karen had changed her job It came e) You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won't succeed There's no point f) John didn't celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing Not until g) I don't really like her, even though I admire her achievements Much h) It's thought that the accident was caused by human error The accident is Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way a) Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket CREDITED b) I daren't turn on the television because the baby might wake up FEAR c) Some people will anything to lose weight LENGTHS d) The two theories appear to be completely different COMMON e) Several members of the committee said thay were worried about the chairman's proposals CONCERN f) The river Volta overflowed last year BURST g) He doesn't appreciate his wife GRANTED h) The number of people out of work has been going down little by little GRADUAL Đáp án Exercise a) The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike b) Mrs Scott prides herself on her cooking/ on being a good cook c) If it hadn't been for the goalkeeper we could/ would have lost the match d) It came as no surpise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job e) There's no point (in) (you/ your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/ to borrow Tim's car f) Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate g) Mush as I admire her achievements, I don't really like her h) The accident is thought/ believed to have been caused by human error Exercise a) Tsiolkovsky is/ has been credited with the invention of the space rocket b) I daren't turn on the television for fear of waking up the baby c) Some people will any/ great lengths to lose weight d) The two theories (appear to) have (got) nothing in common/ no common ground e) Several members of the committee expressed concern about/ at/ over the chairman's proposal f) The river Volta burst its banks last year g) He takes his wife for granted h) There has been a gradual decrease/ decline/ fall in the number of people out of work 15 61 The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended →Had →Had it not been for the attendance of a famous film star, the party wouldn't have been a success 62 Galileo is considered to be the father of modern astronomy →Galileo is regarded →Galileo is regarded as the father of modern astronomy 63 The only way you can become a good athlete is to train hard every day →Only by →Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete 64 He speaks more persuasively than his brother →He is →He is a more persuasive speaker than his brother 65 He can hardly read at all (VIRTUALLY) → →He is virtually unable to read 66 He can speak French well enough to go to the conference (FLUENT) → →His French is fluent enough to go to the conference 67 His arrival was completely unexpected (TOOK) → →His arrival took us completely by surprise 68 The first sign of the disease is a feeling of faintness (ONSET) → →The onset of the disease is a feeling is shown by a feeling of faintness 69 He began by giving us a summary of his progress so far (OUTSET) → →At the outset, he gave us a summary of his progress so far 70 As an antidote to their disappointment, he bought them ice-cream (OFFSET) → →To offset their disappointment, he bought them ice-cream 71 It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobaccos into England →The English →The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobaccos to W R 72 That rumour about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false →There is →There is absolutely no truth in that rumour about the politician and the construction contract 73 He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery →He received →He received a six month sentence for his part in the robbery 74 You can eat as much as you like for $5 at the new lunch-bar →There is →There is no limit/restriction on how much/what you eat for $5 at the new lunchbar 16 75 The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude →There have been →There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude 76 You think that fat people are allays jolly, but you are wrong →Contrary →Contrary to what you think, fat people aren't always jolly 77 The only thing that kept us out of prison was the way he spoke to the local dialect →But for →But for his command of the local dialect, we could have been jailed 78 The council rarely allows appeals against its decisions →Hardly →Hardly does the council allow appeals against its decisions 79 She is a student good at mathematics (FIGURES) → →She is a student having a head for figures 80 I think we ought to permit him to whatever he chooses (HAND) → →I think we should give him a free hand 17