SAT® Subject Test: U.S HISTORY Mark Willner, Joann Peters, Eugene V Resnick, and Jeff Schneider and the Staff of Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Table of Contents PART ONE: The Basics Chapter 1: About the SAT Subject Test: U.S History Frequently Asked Questions Understanding the SAT Subject Test: U.S History Chapter 2: Strategies to Test Your Best Know the Directions Know the Format Skip the Difficult Questions; Come Back to Them Later Be a Good Guesser Be a Good Gridder Think About the Questions Before You Look at the Answers Pace Yourself Two-Minute Warning Stress Management The Days Before the Test The Next Step PART TWO: Diagnostic Test How to Take the Diagnostic Test How to Calculate Your Score Diagnostic Test Answer Key Answers and Explanations How to Use the Results of Your Diagnostic Test in Your Review PART THREE: U.S History Review Chapter 3: The Meeting of Three Peoples Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Native Peoples of the Americas on the Eve of European Contact Europe and the Background of Exploration Africa and the Slave Trade Results of Exploration Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 4: The Colonial Period Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Early Colonial Settlements Southern Colonies New England Colonies New England and Colonial Unity The Middle Colonies Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 5: Colonial Society in the 1700s Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Colonial Society by 1750 The French and Indian War (1754–1763) Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 6: The American War for Independence Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Colonists Protest British Actions The War of Independence Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 7: Experiments in Government Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction The Articles of Confederation The Writing of the Constitution Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 8: The Federalist Era Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Washington’s Administration (1789–1797) Adams’s Administration (1797–1801) Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 9: The Republicans in Power, 1800–1824 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Jefferson’s Administration (1801–1809) The War of 1812 The Era of Good Feeling The Monroe Doctrine The Missouri Compromise Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 10: Jacksonian Democracy, 1824–1836 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Election of 1824 Election of 1828 Indian Removal Bank War Nullification and Slavery Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 11: Growth, Slavery, and Reform, 1800–1850 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Growth Slavery Reform Literature Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 12: Expansion, Conflict, and Compromise, 1820–1850 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction The Roots of Conflict Expansion The Compromise of 1850 Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 13: Slavery and the Road to Disunion, 1850–1861 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Conflicts Over Slavery Lincoln and Secession Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 14: The Civil War, 1861–1865 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction The Beginning of War Secession The Balance of Forces The War Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery and War Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 15: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath, 1865–1896 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867) Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867–1877) The Post-Reconstruction South (1877–1896) Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 16: The Closing of the Frontier, 1876–1900 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Moving West The Transformation of the West The Removal of Native Americans Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 17: Industry, Big Business, and Labor Unions, 1865–1900 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction New Technologies The Rise of Big Business Labor Conflicts (1877–1914) Industry and the South Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 18: Society and Culture in the Gilded Age, 1865–1900 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Urbanization The Impact of Inventions The Changing American Society Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 19: Politics of the Gilded Age, 1877–1900 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction National Politics Unrest Among Farmers (1867–1896) Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 20: Imperialism, 1880–1914 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Causes of American Imperialism The United States as an Imperialist Power Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900–1920 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Background and Influences Progressive Reformers Progressive Issues Progressive Presidents African Americans in the Progressive Era Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 22: The United States and World War I, 1914–1920 Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction The World at War The United States Remains Neutral “Over There”: The United States at War Wilson, Peace, and the League of Nations Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 23: Tradition and Change in the 1920s Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Politics: The Return to Normalcy Economic Conditions Society in the 1920s Tradition and Reaction Culture of the 1920s Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 24: The Crash, the Depression, and the New Deal Timeline Important People, Places, Events, and Concepts Introduction Causes of the Depression Hoover’s Response to the Crisis Roosevelt’s New Deal Reaction to the New Deal Summary Review Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 25: Politics and Society in the 1930s Timeline independence and territorial integrity of all the other member nations Many isolationist Senators opposed this pledge, outlined in Article X of the covenant, on the grounds that it would limit the freedom of the United States in world affairs and affect U.S military actions (E) 79 A The United States has supported Israel since its beginning in 1948 However, the growing need for Arab oil has created a conflict in American foreign policy, because no Arab oil state gave diplomatic recognition to Israel until 1978 The United States has never supported Libya (B) There is not a large population of Hindus (C) in the Middle East A Palestinian state does not exist (D), and free trade (E) in the Middle East has not been a major question for the United States 80 D President George H W Bush signed one of the biggest bailouts in United States history, $159 billion, for the savings and loan banks, which had been underfunded and had taken risks not seen since the 1920s The owners of the banks (A) had not invested much of their money in their own banks and could not have paid off the debts themselves since they were so overextended The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (C) could not reimburse the depositors since it only insured commercial banks, not savings banks The Glass-Steagall Act (E), which set up the FDIC in 1933, had strictly separated the two kinds of banks as a way to prevent such disasters It was the deregulation of the Carter and Reagan years that opened up the possibility for the crisis 81 C John Adams defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre Benjamin Franklin (A) was in London for much of the 1760s, and his home was in Philadelphia, not New York Thomas Paine (B) wrote Common Sense but did not establish the Committees of Correspondence They were established by Samuel Adams Crispus Attucks (D) was an African American killed during the Boston Massacre Patrick Henry (E) was not executed by the British 82 C Shays’s Rebellion led to the scrapping of the Articles of Confederation It occurred in 1787 when farmers in western Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays, protested the tax policies in Massachusetts It raised fears of general disorder and prompted the call for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation Instead of revising the Articles, the convention scrapped the document and drafted the Constitution It was not a slave rebellion (A) It was suppressed by the Massachusetts and New York militias, not a militia sent by the Congress of the Articles of Confederation (B) The Bill of Rights (D) was added to the Constitution in 1791 and did not address the issues raised in Shays’s Rebellion The “shot heard round the world” (E) occurred in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1775 and signaled the beginning of the American Revolution 83 A The idea of nullification was introduced in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 They were written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, respectively, to oppose to the Alien and Sedition Acts Jefferson contended that the states had entered into a compact forming the government and that when a federal law failed to satisfy the people of a state, that state had the right to declare the law “null and void.” The theory of nullification became the basis of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, written by John C Calhoun in 1828, and of secession in 1860, although Jefferson did not intend that people would take the idea that far The resolutions inflamed the conflict (B) over the Alien and Sedition Acts, because the Federalists (C) supported the Alien and Sedition Acts while the Democratic Republicans supported the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Hamilton did not participate in the writing of the resolutions (D) He supported stronger federal power, not state power The Supreme Court (E) did not rule on the resolutions 84 A The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in September 1862 and went into effect January 1, 1863 It stated that slaves in states or parts of states still in rebellion as of January 1, 1863, would be freed Though this did not immediately free any slaves, because the Union government was unable to exercise power in the rebellious areas of the South, it did dedicate the war to the antislavery cause and freed slaves as the Union army conquered the South Lincoln was not yet ready to free all the slaves (C) This came with the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865 Lincoln was still worried about the border states (B), such as Missouri and Kentucky, leaving the Union To retain their support, he did not attempt to free the slaves in loyal states Freeing the children of slaves (D), gradual emancipation, had been the policy in many Northern states since the end of the 18th century The Emancipation Proclamation embodied a different policy By the time of the Civil War, slavery had ceased to exist in the North (E) except for the border states 85 C Bellamy presented a scathing indictment of industrial capitalism and imagined a socialist utopia in its place All other authors could be invoked to justify the economic conditions of the Gilded Age Alger (A) wrote “rags-to-riches” stories in which poor boys achieve great success with hard work and a little luck Sumner (B) championed the ideas of social Darwinism, which saw laissez-faire capitalism as a testing ground in which the fittest survive Smith (D) wrote in the previous century, but his description of the economy guided by market forces—the invisible hand—sat well with Gilded Age advocates of laissez-faire capitalism Carnegie (E) supported the idea of free-market capitalism but argued that the captains of industry should give something back to the community 86 D Strong and Mahan were fervent expansionists Strong argued that it was the mission of the United States to Christianize and civilize the “weaker races.” Mahan argued that the United States needed to expand its naval power and take over territories in the Pacific if it hoped to achieve international prominence Several activists opposed racism in the United States (A), such as Ida B Wells, who wrote and lectured against lynching in the South Urban corruption (B) was the subject of Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities (1904) Regional novelists (C) include Mark Twain and Willa Cather Antiwar novels (E) include Three Soldiers by John Dos Passos and A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway 87 D The progressives had a great deal of faith in the power of the government to implement reforms These reforms included federal actions such as the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Federal Reserve Act (1913), which reformed the banking system, as well as state actions such as placing restrictions on lobbying in Wisconsin, the “laboratory of democracy.” The nationalization of banks and industries (A) was advocated by socialists, not progressives The progressive movement was largely silent on issues of race (B) Progressives generally wanted lower tariffs (C) to keep consumer prices from rising Progressive-era reformers, such as Florence Kelley and Jane Addams, challenged traditional ideas about “feminine” behavior (E) 88 D The WPA, an important New Deal program, employed over million people between 1935 and 1943 The WPA built schools, libraries, and hospitals; employed writers, photographers, and artists; and created a vast array of public works projects The Supreme Court (A) struck down the National Industrial Recovery Act, not the WPA, in 1933 because it gave the president law-making powers Hydroelectric dams (B) were built along the Tennessee River by the Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) The Wagner Act (1935) established legal protections for workers (C) Assistance to big business (E) was provided by Hoover’s 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation 89 A The Kerner Commission on urban violence concluded that it was the rising expectations among African Americans in the North for a wider range of opportunities that caused the riots in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1965 and Detroit in 1967 The draft (B) for Vietnam was not a major issue before 1967, and the riots in African American urban neighborhoods began before that date The riots were in the North and West, not in the South, (C) in the early 1960s African Americans were not barred from voting in the North (D) Affirmative Action (E) was not an issue in America until the Nixon administration (after 1969) 90 C De jure segregation refers to segregation grounded in law Segregation laws were declared unconstitutional in 1954 and were eliminated during the 1950s and 1960s by civil rights demonstrations and court decisions De facto segregation still exists in many cities The issues of an aging America (A), the challenges of the AIDS crisis (B), problems in the health care industry (D), and energy requirements (E) continue to be pressing issues in the United States Glossary abolitionist one who favors the end of slavery abomination a vicious or vile action that is met with great distaste affirmative action policies of the government aimed at increasing access to jobs, schooling, and opportunities to people previously discriminated against agrarian pertaining to farming or agriculture anarchist annex an individual who advocates the overthrow of all government the act of taking a smaller territory into a larger one antebellum before the war; usually used with regard to the time before the Civil War anti-Semitic one who is prejudiced against Jews apologists those in the South who justified slavery by claiming African Americans were better off under the current system than left on their own appeasement a policy of giving into modest demands of an enemy to hold off potential conflict apportionment the proportional distribution of the number of members of the U.S House of Representatives on the basis of the population of each state arbitration armistice the settlement of a dispute by a third, unbiased party a suspension of fighting; a cease-fire arsenal a stockpile of weapons or a place for making and storing weapons artisans those considered skilled in certain industries such as metal work, carpentry, or printing autocrat a ruler having unlimited power; a despot bandwagon bicameral a political cause that draws increasing numbers of proponents due to its success composed of or based on two legislative chambers or branches blasphemy a contemptuous or profane act, utterance, or writing concerning God or a sacred entity blitzkrieg bond Hitler’s tactic of “lightning war,” which involved swift action against the enemy an interest-bearing note that guarantees repayment at a set date boycott to refrain from engaging, purchasing, or trading with another in an expression of protest bracero a Mexican farm worker brought to the United States to work during World War II buying on margin the act of purchasing stock on credit capitalism an economic system in which the means of production and exchange are controlled by individuals caravel any of several types of small, light sailing ships, especially one with two or three masts and lateen sails used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries carpetbagger ceded a Northern Republican who moved South for financial and political gain given up or surrendered to another, possibly by treaty charter a written grant from the sovereign power of a country conferring certain rights and privileges on a person, a corporation, or the people closed shop a workplace in which workers must join the labor union as a condition of employment collective bargaining confederation conquistador employees and management negotiating wages, working conditions, and work hours an alliance or body of states loosely united for common purposes a Spanish conqueror of the Americas conscription compulsory enrollment of persons in the armed forces constituents the voters or citizens of a particular region who are represented by an elected official conversion experience a rite of passage for Calvinists, who publicly confessed all sins to become one of the “elect” corollary an inference that follows proof from a previous instance coup the overthrow of a ruling party/person by a small group illegally and/or by force de facto de jure “in fact”; usually with regard to segregation “in law”; usually with regard to laws passed for segregation demography the study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics depression détente a prolonged period of declining economic activity characterized by rising unemployment and falling prices a period of relaxed tensions between countries direct primary an election in which registered members of the party elect their party nominees for office dissent to object or disagree domestic of or relating to a country’s internal affairs duty money collected by government from a tariff egalitarian elect upholding the equality of all people according to Calvinists, those who have been chosen by God for salvation elite a group or class of persons, or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or economic status emancipate embargo to free from slavery or bondage a prohibition or ban; usually used with regard to trade or shipping encomienda master the Spanish labor system whereby individuals were bound to unpaid labor but were not legally owned by a enfranchisement giving the right to vote entrepreneur a person who engages in a risky business venture established church excise tax a church that is officially recognized and protected by the government a fee collected on goods and services bought and sold within a country executive privilege expatriates the claim by a president that certain information should be kept from Congress individuals who have chosen to leave their native country in favor of living abroad fascism a dictatorial form of government that glorifies military service and nationalism filibuster the act of members of congress of delaying a vote or action by refusing to release the floor during debate Fire Eaters term used by Northerners to describe Southern slavery advocates foreclosure the repossession of a property by a lender after a borrower fails to pay on the loan fugitive an individual who flees danger or capture Fundamentalism a religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to rigid adherence to fundamental principles genocide the systematic extermination of a race or ethnicity by another group gentry people of gentle birth, good breeding, or high social position; usually land owners ghetto graft an area where ethnic minorities are forced to live either by law or discrimination the use of one’s position to gain money or property illegally greenback paper currency in the United States that replaced specie before the founding of the Federal Reserve gross national product (GNP) country in a given year the sum of all goods and services produced both within and abroad by citizens of a guerrilla warfare irregular, paramilitary units operating in small bands in occupied territory using subversive tactics to surprise the enemy hard money limited currency with high value headright system a system of obtaining land in colonial times in which one received 50 acres of land for every emigrant to America one sponsored heresy an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs hierarchy a system that places things in graduated order, from lowest to highest homestead a single-family home or farm horizontal integration a single company’s absorption of other companies in the same industry to control one aspect of the manufacture of a product ideology the body of ideas and beliefs that represent a culture or large group impeach to charge a government official with a criminal offense imperialism a policy of extending a country’s authority over a foreign country by acquisition or colonization impress to force into military service incumbent an individual running for an office he or she currently holds indentured servant a person who is bonded or contracted to work for another for a specified time, in exchange for learning a trade or travel expenses indigenous inflation native to a particular region an increase in the value of currency relative to the cost of consumer goods infrastructure the basic structure needed for the functions of a society; usually refers to transportation, sanitation, and communication initiative process by which voters can propose legislation and place that law on a ballot in a popular election insurrection isolationist Jim Crow the act or an instance of open revolt against civil authority or a constituted government an individual who would rather remain uninvolved in world affairs the practice of legal racial segregation jingoism extreme nationalism coupled with an aggressive foreign policy stance joint-stock company a company that has some features of a corporation and some features of a partnership laissez faire landslide the belief that government should refrain from interfering in business and the economy the winning of an election by a large margin literacy test an exam given to individuals to prove they were literate before they could register to vote lynching the illegal act of putting to death a person accused of committing a crime; usually conducted by mobs mandate a command or instruction given by the electorate to their representative martial law martyr military occupation imposed upon an area when civilian resources have failed or collapsed an individual who makes a great sacrifice to further a cause; one who chooses death rather than renouncing beliefs materialism a belief that the accumulation of possessions is more important that spiritual pursuits matrilineal relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line mercantilism the belief that all economic activity should be for the good of the whole (country) rather than for the individual mercenaries Mestizo foreign soldiers hired to serve in the military a person of mixed racial ancestry, especially of mixed European and Native American ancestry mobilization government organization of the nation for war mudslinging unsubstantiated accusations and attacks on a political opponent mulatto an individual of African and European ancestry nation-state a political society that combines a central government with cultural unification nationalism devotion to the interests or culture of one’s nation nativism the policy of upholding the rights of native citizens over those of immigrants naturalization the process of immigrants gaining legal citizenship nullify to declare a law void oligarchy rule by a few omnibus bill a potential law that includes a variety of topics under one name pacifist an individual who is opposed to all war pardon the act of releasing an individual from responsibility for a crime partisan supporting a particular political party patronage the support of a cause through financial gifts peculiar institution political machine poll tax pool a name given to slavery by Southern apologists an organization controlled through spoils and patronage a tax levied on individuals before they are allowed to vote an alliance of competing companies to set prices and split profits by sharing customers pork barrel congressional appropriations for political gain in a particular constituency precedent a decision or action that establishes a standard for future instances predestination salvation the doctrine that God has foreordained all things, especially that God has elected certain souls to eternal primogeniture the right of the eldest child, especially the eldest son, to inherit the entire estate of one or both parents proclamation propaganda an official announcement information or materials provided by the proponents or opponents of an idea to influence public thought proprietary colony a settlement in a region granted by a king or queen to a legal owner proviso a clause within a document that stipulates an exception or restriction pump priming the increase in government spending to stimulate the economy puppet government quota a proportional share of something to a group or members of a group; an allotment ratification recall a government that is controlled by outsiders the act of approving and giving formal sanction of the act of removing a public official from office by a vote of a specified number of citizens referendum the submission of a law directly to the voters for approval or denial reparations money, goods, or services paid by a government for destruction and damage caused during a war republic a government whose power rests in a citizenry who is entitled to vote, is represented by those they vote for, and usually has a president rather than a monarch as head Rustbelt scabs states in the Northeast and Midwest that were once prosperous steel producers replacement workers during a strike scalawag secession a white Southerner who supported Radical Reconstruction the withdrawal from an alliance or association sect a group of people forming a distinct unit within a larger group by virtue of certain refinements or distinctions of belief or practice secular of the world rather than of the church or spirit sedition the act of incitement of rebellion against the government segregation the act of separating; usually regarding race and ethnicity self-determination sharecropper siege the belief that people should have the opportunity to decide their own form of government an individual who receives land on credit and pays back debt with a share of the crop yield the surrounding and blockading of a city, town, or fortress by an army attempting to capture it socialist an individual who believes that business and the economy should be controlled by the community, not individuals soft money plentiful currency with low value sovereignty power vested in an independent government speakeasies specie illegal bars and clubs where liquor was sold during Prohibition coined (gold, silver, or other metal) currency speculation risky business transactions on the bet of quick or considerable profit sphere of influence a region controlled by the influence of other powerful nations spoils system the practice of the winning political party rewarding supporters with jobs regardless of qualifications stagflation stalwart strike a combination of high unemployment and high inflation an individual who has unwavering support for a party or cause an action by organized labor to stop work in order to force management to negotiate subversion within a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working from suffrage the right to vote Sunbelt states in the South and Southwestern United States tariffs taxes placed on imported goods temperance the belief in moderation, particularly with regard to alcohol tenant farmer tenement a person who leases land from a landowner an urban multifamily housing unit theocracy a government by the church leaders trust an organization of corporations where stockholders have traded their stocks for trust certificates tycoon a wealthy and powerful businessperson urbanization utopian the growth of cities seeking perfection in society vertical integration Vietnamization a single company controlling all aspects of manufacturing President Nixon’s policy of turning over the Vietnam War to the South Vietnamese virtual representation the political practice of a small group of people being elected to speak for a larger group wildcat bank uncontrolled and unregulated Western banks of the 1800s whose speculation and unsafe practices helped spur the Panic of 1819 writ of habeas corpus from the Latin “of the body,” a formal order requiring the presentation of the accused before a judge to be charged with a crime or released from custody yellow-dog contracts employment yeomen agreements that forced employees to promise never to join a union in order to gain or maintain non-slave-owning farmers ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Willner is an adjunct faculty member at Brooklyn College and teaches at Temple Emanu-El Religious School in Manhattan, New York Previously he was assistant principal and chair of the social studies department at Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York He has also taught at Morris High School in the Bronx and Wadleigh (Harlem) Evening High School in Manhattan He was selected as “Outstanding Social Studies Supervisor in the United States” for 2000 Similar honors were bestowed upon him by New York State (1991) and by New York City (1984, 1988) In addition, New York State chose him as its “Distinguished Social Studies Educator” in 1997, and in 1995, he was awarded the Louis E Yavner Teaching Award for Outstanding Contributions to Teaching about the Holocaust and Other Violations of Human Rights by the New York State Education Department Mr Willner has a bachelor’s degree from Queens College and a master’s degree from Yeshiva University As a recipient of the Fulbright and other grants, he has studied and traveled extensively in Asia and Europe He is a past president of the New York City Social Studies Supervisors Association (SSSA) and has sat on the executive boards of the New York State SSSA and the New York City Association of Social Studies/United Federation of Teachers He has been a frequent presenter at social studies conferences on the national, state, and local levels Joann Peters teaches AP U.S History, U.S Government, and Economics at Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York At Midwood, she was instrumental in developing an interdisciplinary course in American history and piloting an interactive program in economics using computer technology in the classroom Involved in education for over 30 years, Ms Peters has also taught American history at John F Kennedy High School in the Bronx and Brandeis High School in Manhattan While living in England, she organized several youth programs for the American School in London Ms Peters has bachelor’s and master’s degrees in secondary education, as well as a professional diploma in administration and supervision from Fordham University, where she has also served as an adjunct professor and guest lecturer Eugene V Resnick teaches AP U.S History at Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York He received a BA in history from the University of Vermont and a master’s degree in urban history from Empire State College in New York He was selected to participate in two seminars sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and has worked on curriculum development projects in European and U.S history Jeff Schneider graduated from Columbia College in 1967, passed his oral examination in the PhD program in American history in 1988 at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and received his master’s in American history from Hunter College in 1995 He did research for the Public Broadcasting System series by David Grubin on Lyndon Johnson and presented a paper at the Society for the History of the Early Republic He has attended seminars sponsored by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Since 1987, he has taught American history at Hunter College and Adelphi University and is currently teaching AP U.S history, intel social science research, and great speeches and debates in American history at Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which 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hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-60978-578-9 ... registered for an SAT test in the past How Are the SAT Subject Tests Scored? Like the SAT, the SAT Subject Tests are scored on a 200–800 scale The mean SAT Subject Test: U. S History Test score for 2009... The Basics Chapter 1: About the SAT Subject Test: U. S History • Frequently Asked Questions • Understanding the SAT Subject Test: U. S History You’re serious about going to the college of your choice... About the SAT Subject Test: U. S History Frequently Asked Questions Understanding the SAT Subject Test: U. S History Chapter 2: Strategies to Test Your Best Know the Directions Know the Format Skip