31 Days Before CCNA

31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam Second Edition Allan Johnson Cisco Press • 800 East 96th Street • Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam A Day-by-Day Review Guide for the CCNA 640-802 Exam Second Edition Allan Johnson Copyright® 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review Printed in the United States of America First Printing November 2008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Johnson, Allan, 196231 days before your CCNA exam : a day-by-day review guide for the CCNA 640-802 exam / Allan Johnson 2nd ed p cm Originally published: Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press, c2007 under title: 31 days before your CCNA exam / Scott Bennett ISBN 978-1-58713-197-4 (pbk.) Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Cisco Press Program Manager Jeff Brady Executive Editor Mary Beth Ray Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse Senior Development Editor Christopher Cleveland Project Editor Mandie Frank Copy Editor Barbara Hacha Technical Editors Rick Graziani, Kenneth Stewart Editorial Assistant Vanessa Evans Book & Cover Designer Louisa Adair Composition TnT Design, Inc Electronic data processing personnel Certification Computer networks Examinations Study guides I Bennett, Scott, CCNA 31 days Indexer Lisa Stumpf before your CCNA exam II Title III Title: Thirty one days before your CCNA exam Proofreader Paula Lowell TK5105.5.B443 2008 004.6 dc22 2008044139ISBN-13: 978-1-58713-197-4 ISBN-10: 1-58713-197-8 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about exam topics for the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam 640-802 Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information is provided on an “as is” basis The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Corporate and Government Sales The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales international@pearsoned.com Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at feedback@ciscopress.com Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message We greatly appreciate your assistance Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc San Jose, CA Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems (USA) Pte Ltd Singapore Europe Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices CCDE, CCENT, Cisco Eos, Cisco Lumin, Cisco Nexus, Cisco StadiumVision, the Cisco logo, DCE, and Welcome to the Human Network are trademarks.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn is a service mark; and Access Registrar, Aironet, AsyncOS, Bringing the Meeting To You, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, CCSP, CCVP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Collaboration Without Limitation, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Event Center, Fast Step, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, GigaDrive, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, iPhone, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, iQuick Study, IronPort, the IronPort logo, LightStream, Linksys, MediaTone, MeetingPlace, MGX, Networkers, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, PCNow, PIX, PowerPanels, ProConnect, ScriptShare, SenderBase, SMARTnet, Spectrum Expert, StackWise, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, TransPath, WebEx, and the WebEx logo are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company (0805R) iv 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam About the Author Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999 after ten years as a business owner/operator to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching He holds both an MBA and an M.Ed in Occupational Training and Development He taught CCNA courses at the high school level for seven years and has taught both CCNA and CCNP courses at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas In 2003, Allan began to commit much of his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team providing services to Networking Academy instructors worldwide and creating training materials He now works full time for the Academy in Learning Systems Development About the Technical Reviewers Rick Graziani teaches computer science and computer networking courses at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California Rick has worked and taught in the computer networking and information technology field for almost 30 years Prior to teaching, Rick worked in IT for various companies, including Santa Cruz Operation, Tandem Computers, and Lockheed Missiles and Space Corporation He holds an M.A in computer science and systems theory from California State University Monterey Bay Rick also does consulting work for Cisco Systems and other companies When Rick is not working, he is most likely surfing Rick is an avid surfer who enjoys longboarding at his favorite Santa Cruz surf breaks Kenneth Stewart teaches computer science and computer networking courses at Flour Bluff High School and Delmar College in Corpus Christi, Texas Kenneth has worked in the field for more than 18 years and taught for the past 11 years Prior to teaching, Kenneth was a Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare Specialist in the 82nd Airborne Division at Ft Bragg, North Carolina He holds two degrees in computer science and is earning another in occupational career and technology development from Texas A&M Corpus Christi Dedication For my wife, Becky Without the sacrifices you made during the project, this work would not have come to fruition Thank you providing me the comfort and resting place only you can give v Acknowledgments As the author of the widely successful first edition of this book, Scott Bennett entrusted me to carry on the mission Thanks Scott, for allowing me to take over this project When I began to think of whom I would like to have as Technical Editors for this work, Rick Graziani and Kenneth Stewart immediately came to mind Both are outstanding instructors and authors in the Cisco Network Academy community Thankfully, when Mary Beth Ray contacted them, they were willing and able to the arduous review work necessary to make sure you get a book that is both technically accurate and unambiguous Rick is a long-time technology instructor with a world-renowned reputation among both students and teachers of the CCNA and CCNP curricula When I began to teach CCNA courses in 2000, it wasn’t long before I discovered Rick’s outstanding resources online These are available to anyone who sends him an email requesting the password; just Google his name to find his website Rick and I coauthored the Routing Protocols and Concepts: CCNA Exploration Companion Guide, so I know how he works I knew he would an outstanding job editing this material before you see it Kenneth Stewart often pulls double duty teaching CCNA courses part time at Del Mar College while maintaining a full load teaching various technology classes at Flour Bluff High School here in my hometown of Corpus Christi In his spare time, he also likes to write books His students compete on a national level, including networking, web authoring, and robotics Ken’s excitement in the classroom is contagious, and his commitment to the integrity of the teaching materials he uses is unsurpassed As the excellent coauthor of Designing and Supporting Computer Networks: CCNA Discovery Learning Guide, I knew Ken would serve you, the reader, admirably Thank you, Rick and Ken, for not only serving as technical editors to this effort, but for being my friends This book is a concise summary of the work of Cisco Press CCNA authors Wendell Odom’s CCNA Official Exam Certification Library, Third Edition and Steve McQuerry’s Authorized Self-Study Guide CCNA Preparation Library, Seventh Edition were two of my main sources The different approaches these two authors—both CCIEs—take toward the CCNA material gives the reader the breadth and the depth needed to master the CCNA exam topics The Cisco Network Academy authors for the Exploration series of Companion Guides take the reader deeper, past the CCNA exam topics, with the ultimate goal of not only preparing the student for CCNA certification, but for more advanced college-level technology courses and degrees, as well Thank you to Mark Dye, Rick Graziani, Wayne Lewis, Rick McDonald, Antoon W Rufi, and Bob Vachon for their excellent treatment of the material; it is reflected throughout this book Mary Beth Ray, executive editor, amazes me with her ability to juggle multiple projects at once, steering each from beginning to end I can always count on her to make the tough decisions Thank you, Mary Beth, for bringing this project to me This is my fourth project with Christopher Cleveland as development editor His dedication to perfection pays dividends in countless, unseen ways Thank you again, Chris, for providing me with much needed guidance and support This book could not be a reality without your persistence vi 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam Contents at a Glance Introduction xxv Part I: Networking Basics Day 31: Network Devices, Components, and Diagrams Day 30: Network Models and Applications 13 Day 29: Network Data Flow from End-to-End 21 Part II: Switching Concepts and Configuration Day 28: Connecting Switches and Ethernet Technology 31 33 Day 27: Network Segmentation and Switching Concepts Day 26: Basic Switch Configuration and Port Security 43 53 Day 25: Verifying and Troubleshooting Basic Switch Configurations Day 24: Switching Technologies and VLAN Concepts 61 71 Day 23: VLAN and Trunking Configuration and Troubleshooting 87 Day 22: VTP and InterVLAN Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Part III: Addressing the Network Day 21: IPv4 Address Subnetting 109 Day 20: Host Addressing, DHCP, and DNS Day 19: Basic IPv6 Concepts 107 123 137 Part IV: Routing Concepts and Configuration Day 18: Basic Routing Concepts 147 Day 17: Connecting and Booting Routers 161 Day 16: Basic Router Configuration and Verification Day 15: Managing Cisco IOS and Configuration Files Day 14: Static, Default, and RIP Routing Day 13: EIGRP Routing Day 12: OSPF Routing 211 227 Day 11: Troubleshooting Routing 145 245 191 167 179 97 vii Part V: Wireless Concepts and Configuration 251 Day 10: Wireless Standards, Components, and Security 253 Day 9: Configuring and Troubleshooting Wireless Networks 261 Part VI: Basic Security Concepts and Configuration Day 8: Mitigating Security Threats and Best Practices 267 Part VII: ACL and NAT Concepts and Configuration Day 7: ACL Concepts and Configurations 279 Day 6: Verifying and Troubleshooting ACL Implementations Day 5: NAT Concepts, Configuration, and Troubleshooting Part VIII: WAN Concepts and Configuration Day 4: WAN and VPN Technologies Day 1: CCNA Skills Review and Practice Post-Exam Information Index 381 379 307 337 353 Part IX: Exam Day and Post-Exam Information 377 297 329 Day 2: Frame Relay Configuration and Troubleshooting Exam Day 289 309 Day 3: PPP Configuration and Troubleshooting 265 375 277 viii 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam Contents Introduction xxv Part I: Networking Basics Day 31: Network Devices, Components, and Diagrams CCNA 640-802 Exam Topics Key Points Devices 3 3 Switches Routers Media LANs and WANs Networking Icons 7 Physical and Logical Topologies The Hierarchical Network Model The Enterprise Architecture Network Documentation Study Resources 10 11 12 Day 30: Network Models and Applications CCNA 640-802 Exam Topics Key Points 13 13 13 The OSI and TCP/IP Models 13 OSI Layers 14 TCP/IP Layers and Protocols 15 Protocol Data Units and Encapsulation Growth of Network-Based Applications Quality of Service 16 17 17 Increased Network Usage 17 The Impact of Voice and Video on the Network Study Resources 19 Day 29: Network Data Flow from End-to-End CCNA 640-802 Exam Topics Key Points 21 21 21 18 ix The TCP/IP Application Layer 21 The TCP/IP Transport Layer TCP Header 21 22 Port Numbers 23 Error Recovery Flow Control 24 25 Connection Establishment and Termination UDP 25 26 The TCP/IP Internet Layer 26 The TCP/IP Network Access Layer Data Encapsulation Summary 28 Using Layers to Troubleshoot 29 Study Resources 27 29 Part II: Switching Concepts and Configuration Day 28: Connecting Switches and Ethernet Technology CCNA 640-802 Exam Topics Key Topics 31 33 33 33 Ethernet Overview 33 Legacy Ethernet Technologies 34 CSMA/CD 35 Legacy Ethernet Summary Current Ethernet Technologies UTP Cabling 35 36 36 Benefits of Using Switches Ethernet Addressing Ethernet Framing 37 38 39 The Role of the Physical Layer Study Resources 40 41 Day 27: Network Segmentation and Switching Concepts CCNA 640-802 Exam Topics Key Topics 43 Evolution to Switching 43 43 43 .. .31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam Second Edition Allan Johnson Cisco Press • 800 East 96th Street • Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam A Day-by-Day... Examinations Study guides I Bennett, Scott, CCNA 31 days Indexer Lisa Stumpf before your CCNA exam II Title III Title: Thirty one days before your CCNA exam Proofreader Paula Lowell TK5105.5.B443... 196 231 days before your CCNA exam : a day-by-day review guide for the CCNA 640-802 exam / Allan Johnson 2nd ed p cm Originally published: Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press, c2007 under title: 31 days