Textbook of Wild and Zoo Animals : Care and Management Jacob V Cheeran INTERNATIONAL BOOK DISTRIBUTING CO Textbook of Wild and Zoo Animals : Care and Management (As per VCI Syllabus) (Second Revised and Enlarged Edition) Jacob V Cheeran Professor & Head (Retd.) Dept of Pharmacology, TOxicology & Dept of Wildlife Science Kerala Agricultural University Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala (India) INTERNATIONAL BOOK DISTRIBUTING CO (Publishing Division) Published by INTERNATIONAL BOOK DISTRIBUTING CO (Publishing Division) Khushnuma Complex Basement 7, Meerabai Marg (Behind Iawahar Bhawan) Lucknow 226 001 U.P (INDIA) Tel.: 91-522-2209542,2209543,2209544,2209545 Fax: 0522-4045308 E-Mail: ibdco@airtelbroadband.in First Edition 2004 Second Revised and Enlarged Edition 2008 ISBN: 978-81-8189-222-5 ©Publisher All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Composed & Designed at : Panacea Computers 3rd Floor, Agarwal Sabha Bhawan Subhash Mohal, Sadar, Lucknow - 226 002 Tel.:0522-2483312,9335927082,9452295008 E-mail: prasgupt@rediffinail.com.prasgupt@gmail.com Printed at: Salasar Imaging Systems C-7/5, Lawrence Road Industrial Area Delhi - 110035 Tel.:011-27185653,9810064311 Dedicated To my father who taught me how and why to love books “This Page is Left Intentionally Blank” Feedback This textbook is written as per the syllabus prescribed for s.V.Sc & A.H students by the Veterinary Council of India Author shall be thankful to receive your valuable feedback on various points like: Nature of description Ambiguity on areas of scientific description Areas still to be covered Other relevant points if any Your responses may be e-mailed to jacob@cheerans.com or sent by post to : Dr Jacob V Cheeran 135, Nehru Nagar, Thrissur-680 006 Kerala Tel : +91-(0) 487-2421518 Fax: +91-(0) 487-2421508 v “This Page is Left Intentionally Blank” Preface Management of wildlife both captive and free ranging is gaining importance now-a-days and veterinarians are often called to attend such situations Consultancies to the veterinarian not ordinarily end with treatment of diseases It also extends to other aspects of wildlife management like housing, breeding and nutrition It is in this context that Veterinary Council of India decided to include Wildlife Management as a course in the curriculum of B.v.Sc & AH students Wildlife management is a multi-disciplinary branch of science and several advancements have taken place in this field in the recent years The intention of this text book is to familiarise the students with the basics of wildlife management Topics listed include taxonomy, habitat, principles of captive management of wildlife, methods of restraint and aquaculture Discussion on the diseases affecting the wildlife is limited to the list of diseases reported among wildlife in India This is because veterinary students get ample opportunity to learn such topics from their regular curriculum Similar is the case with the chapter dealing with nutrition Author while teaching Wildlife Sciences at College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University has felt the need for a book on wildlife management dealing specially with Indian situations for teachers and students of wildlife science both at the graduate and postgraduate level This book although written for B.V.Sc & AH students, will be of use for students of Forestry, Biology and other Life Sciences, as well as for practicing Veterinarians and Foresters Diagrams are included with an idea to familarise the species to the reader However it may be noted that the scales may vary for different species I request the readers to give their valuable feedback so that further changes can be incorporated in the coming editions for better use for a wider spectrum of students and practitioners Jacob V Cheeran Thrissur 22 June 2006 vu “This Page is Left Intentionally Blank” Acknowledgments Author wish to acknowledge with thanks Or Oavid Abraham for all assistance given by way of working with the manuscript, compiling the diagrams and giving a final shape to the text, which was presented to the publisher Or M Krlshnan Nair, Former Dean, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) gave valuable suggestions for improvement in the second edition Or AD Antony, Associate Professor, Directorate of Extension Education (KAU), was kind enough to provide literature, drawings and relevant suggestions on aquaculture Dr M R Subadra, Prof & Head, Oept of Extension and Dr Joseph Mathew, Associate Professor, Oept of Uvestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (KAU) provided literature on Integrated Intensive Rsh Farming Mr P.C Anoop, National Diploma holder in Rne Arts prepared the drawings for this textbook It was a difficult task to retain together the scientific aspects and artistic flavour of the diagrams International Book Distributing Co did an excellent work in publishing and marketing the text book in its present form Digital Graphics, Thrissur gave timely assistance in reformatting the second edition IX .. .Textbook of Wild and Zoo Animals : Care and Management (As per VCI Syllabus) (Second Revised and Enlarged Edition) Jacob V Cheeran Professor & Head (Retd.) Dept of Pharmacology,... order of its own, Hyracoidea The hoofed animals that are known as ungulates are herbivores Those with odd number of toes come under Perissodactyla (Gr perissos, TEXTBOOK OF WILD AND Zoo ANIMALS: CARE. .. much better than some of the lower mammals TEXTBOOK OF WILD AND Zoo ANIMALS: CARE AND MANAGEMENT The major distinctive character in primates is the structure of their hands and feet They are designed