NE W HUMAN ANATOMY THE BODY AT WORK Respiration and oxygenation Food and the brain A look inside the eye Guides to the essential organs OVER 300 Kidney function explained INCRE D IMAGEIBLE S BOOK OF THE How our muscles work? CURIOUS QUESTIONS HUMAN BODY The evolution of the hand Fracture healing process Everything you need to know about the human body Uncover the science of DNA Explore the sensory system Operating on the brain How many bones are in a foot? Inside a human heart Anatomy of the tongue Understanding hormones PACKED WITH AMAZING FACTS AND STUNNING ILLUSTRATIONS WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net Welcome to BOOK OF THE HUMAN BODY The human body is truly an amazing thing Capable of awe-inspiring feats of speed, agility and strength, while being mind-blowing in complexity, your body is unmatched by that of any other species on Earth In this updated edition of How It Works Book of the Human Body, we celebrate the human body’s capabilities and beauty, as well as analyse how it can be impaired or hampered From how you hear, to how your digestion works, through how your bones repair fractures and on to how we express emotions and experience touch, we explore the human body like never before Packed full of high-quality anatomical illustrations, detailed photography and easy-tounderstand authoritative explanations, this book is filled with incredible facts that will make you see yourself in a whole new light WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net BOOK OF THE HUMAN BODY Imagine Publishing Ltd Richmond House 33 Richmond Hill Bournemouth Dorset BH2 6EZ +44 (0) 1202 586200 Website: www.imagine-publishing.co.uk Publishing Director Aaron Asadi Head of Design Ross Andrews Production Editor Hannah Westlake Senior Art Editor Greg Whitaker Designer Harriet Knight Photographer James Sheppard Printed by William Gibbons, 26 Planetary Road, Willenhall, West Midlands, WV13 3XT Distributed in the UK, Eire & the Rest of the World by Marketforce, Blue Fin Building, 110 Southwark Street, London, SE1 0SU Tel 0203 148 3300 www.marketforce.co.uk Distributed in Australia by: Network Services (a division of Bauer Media Group), Level 21 Civic Tower, 66-68 Goulburn Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia Tel +61 8667 5288 Disclaimer The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the post All text and layout is the copyright of Imagine Publishing Ltd Nothing in this bookazine may be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher All copyrights are recognised and used specifically for the purpose of criticism and review Although the bookazine has endeavoured to ensure all information is correct at time of print, prices and availability may change This bookazine is fully independent and not affiliated in any way with the companies mentioned herein How It Works Book of the Human Body Third Revised Edition © 2015 Imagine Publishing Ltd Part of the bookazine series WorldMags.net WorldMags.net CONTENTS © Patrick J Lynch Human anatomy 010 50 amazing body facts 018 Human cells 020 Illuminating cells 021 Inside a nucleus 022 Stem cells 024 How we smell? 028 025 Taste / Taste buds The power of your brain 026 The tonsils 027 Vocal cords 030 Brain power 032 Vision and eyesight 022 What are stem cells? 034 How ears work 036 All about teeth 038 Anatomy of the neck 040 The human skeleton 042 How muscles work 044 Skin colour / Skin grafts 045 Under the skin 046 Rheumatoid arthritis 047 Bone marrow 066 The human ribcage 048 The human spine 068 How the pancreas works 050 Heart attacks 070 How your bladder works 051 Heart bypasses 072 Human pregnancy 052 Blood transfusions 074 Embryo development 053 Strokes / Blood clotting 076 Inside the human stomach 054 Human kidneys 078 How does angioplasty work? 056 Kidney transplants 080 The human hand 058 Vestigial organs 082 Nails / Knee-jerk reactions 059 How the spleen works 083 Inside the knee 060 Human digestion 084 How your feet work 062 How the liver works 086 Achilles’ tendon / Smelly feet 064 The small intestine 087 Blisters / Cramp 006 WorldMags.net 010 Your body explained WorldMags.net 110 Healing bone fractures 080 The hand revealed 165 Explaining eye adjustment The body at work 090 Food and the body 098 The blood-brain barrier 099 Pituitary gland up close 101 Adrenaline 142 102 Human respiration The signs of ageing © SPL 100 Brain electricity / Synapses 104 Dehydration / Sweating 105 Circadian rhythm Curious questions 161 Correcting heart rhythms / Salt / Adam’s apple 106 The immune system 142 Ageing 110 Bone fracture healing 146 Left or right brained? 162 Seasickness / Rumbling stomachs 111 148 Brain freeze 163 112 The cell cycle 149 Runny nose / Comas 164 Brain control / Laughing 114 White blood cells 150 Ears / Freckles / Sore throat 116 The science of genetics 165 Dandruff / Eye adjustment / Distance the eye can see 151 166 Allergies / Eczema Making protein 121 Burns Memory / Toothpaste / Epidurals What are moles? 122 Blood vessels 152 Blush / Caffeine / Fainting 167 Bruises / Water allergy / Cholesterol 124 How your blood works 153 168 Alveoli 128 Hormones 154 72-hour deodorant / Modern fillings 130 The urinary system 132 Tracheotomy surgery 133 Hayfever 134 Exploring the sensory system 138 Chickenpox 139 Why we cry 155 Eyebrows / Earwax / Self What powers cells? 169 Migraines / Eyedrops 170 What are twins? 156 Can we see thoughts? 172 Paper cuts / Pins and needles / Funny bones 158 How anaesthesia works 173 159 Stomach ulcers / Mouth ulcers 174 Raw meat / Inoculations / Upper arm and leg 160 Hair growth / Blond hair appearance WorldMags.net 175 Aching muscles / Fat hormone Feet size / Gout 007 WorldMags.net HUMAN ANATOMY 028 010 50 fantastic facts about the body © SPL How we think 032 Inside the eye 080 The human hand 025 © DK Images Taste buds 010 50 amazing body facts From head to toe 038 Anatomy of the neck Impressive anatomical design 018 Human cells How are they structured? 040 The human skeleton A bounty of boney facts 020 Illuminating cells Making cells glow 042 How muscles work Muscle power revealed 021 Inside a nucleus Dissecting a cell’s control centre 027 Vocal cords See how they help us talk 044 Skin colour / Skin grafts Skin facts explained 022 Stem cells Building block bring new life 028 Brain power The human brain explored 045 Under the skin Anatomy of our largest organ 024 How we smell? A look at your nose 032 The science of vision Inside the eye 046 Rheumatoid arthritis How is inflammation caused? 025 Taste / Taste buds The science of taste explained 034 How ears work Sound and balance explained 047 Bone marrow Why is this jelly vital to us? 026 The tonsils What are these fleshy lumps? 036 All about teeth Dental anatomy and more 048 The human spine 33 vertebrae explained 008 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net 022 Stem cells 024 How we smell? 084 How your feet work 050 Heart attacks Why they happen? 060 Human digestion How does food get processed? 076 Inside the human stomach How does this organ digest food? 051 Heart bypasses How are blockages bypassed? 062 How the liver works The ultimate multitasker 078 How does angioplasty work? Inside the medical procedure 052 Blood transfusions This vital procedure explained 064 The small intestine How does this organ work? 080 The human hand Our most versatile body part 053 Strokes / Blood clotting Why these occur? 066 The human ribcage Offering essential protection 082 Nails / Knee-jerk reactions A look at fingernails and more 054 Human kidneys How your kidneys function? 068 How the pancreas works The body’s digestive workhorse 083 Inside the knee See how it allows us to walk 056 Kidney transplants The body’s natural filters 070 How your bladder works Waste removal facts 084 How your feet work Feet facts and stats 058 Vestigial organs Are they really useless? 072 Human pregnancy Nine months of growth explained 086 Achilles’ tendon / Smelly feet Are they our weak spot? 059 How the spleen works Learn how it staves off infections 074 Embryo development The core processes revealed 087 Blisters / Cramp Why blisters form? WorldMags.net 009 WorldMags.net HUMAN ANATOMY Top 50 body facts 50 Amazing facts about the human body There are lots of medical questions everybody wants to ask but we just never get the chance… until now! The human body is the most complex organism we know and if humans tried to build one artificially, we’d fail abysmally There’s more we don’t know about the body than we know This includes many of the quirks and seemingly useless traits that our species carry However, not all of these traits are as bizarre as they may seem, and many have an evolutionary tale behind them Asking these questions is only natural but most of us are too embarrassed or never get the opportunity – so here’s a chance to clear up all those niggling queries We’ll take a head-to-toe tour of the quirks of human biology, looking at everything from tongue rolling and why we are ticklish through to pulled muscles and why we dream 010 WorldMags.net ... unmatched by that of any other species on Earth In this updated edition of How It Works Book of the Human Body, we celebrate the human body? ??s capabilities and beauty, as well as analyse how it can be... other areas (eg nasal hair) It? ??s different for everybody! The longer the bone at the end of a digit, the faster the growth rate of the nail However there are many other influences too – nutrition,... time of print, prices and availability may change This bookazine is fully independent and not affiliated in any way with the companies mentioned herein How It Works Book of the Human Body Third Revised