verb tenses

verb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tensesverb tenses

VERB TENSES ( THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ)

I SIMPLE PRESENT ( HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN )

1.Formation:

I , you , we, they + V

He, she, it + Vs / es

I, you, we, they + don’t + V

he, she , it + doesn’t + V

Do + I, you, we, they + V? Does + he , she, it + V?

*Trường hợp thêm “es” ở ngôi thứ ba số ít ( he , she , it)

a Động từ có tận cùng là: S , SH, CH, X , O , Z + ES

pass -> passes fix-> fixes

finish-> finishes go-> goes

watch-> watches

b Động từ có tận cùng là “y” , trước nó là một phụ âm thì

đổi “y -> i + es”

study-> studies fly-> flies

c Động từ có tận cùng là “y” , trước nó là một nguyên

âm thì giữ nguyên “y + s”

play-> plays stay-> stays

2 Uses : cách dùng

a Chỉ hành động, thói quen, lặp đi, lặp lại nhiều lần.

*Các trạng từ (adverbs) thường được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn:

always = frequently :luôn

luôn,thường xuyên

usually = generally :thường

thường

often :thường

sometimes = occasionally = at times

: thỉnh thỏang

once in a while = now and then : đơi

khi

Seldom = rarely :hiếm khi, ít khi Every (day, week month, Sunday, summer )

ex: My father gets up at 4 o’clock

every morning

We always go to school in the

afternoon

b Chỉ một sự thật hiển nhiên, một qui luật.

ex: - The earth moves ( goes ) round the sun.

-The earth is round.

-The sun rises in the east and sets in the

west

-The moon goes/ moves round the earth.

- Mars ( sao hỏa) is near the earth.

-Mercury ( sao thủy ) is near the sun.

-All the rivers flow into the sea.

- It rains very much in the rainy season -Two and two are four.

-Water freezes at o degree centigrade and boils

at 100 degree centigrade

- I’m a student.

-We go to school six days a week.

c Được dùng để diễn đạt hành động tương lai, hành đông xảy ra theo thời gian biểu , chương trình làm việc đã được ấn định trước.

Ex.- What time does the concert begin?

- The concert begins at 7.30 this evening

1

d Dùng với các động từ

“ think, know, understand, agree, want, believe”-các động từ

không chỉ hành động.

ex: People know that Clumbus discovered America nearly 500 years ago.

e Dùng trong mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian và điều kiện

when

while

as soon as = right after + simple present + simple future

before

after

till

until

if

As soon as they phone me, I’ll contract you.

You will be very surprised when you meet him.

They’ll send you money before they leave.

After she does her homework, she’ll go out.

Wait for me until I come.

LUYỆN TẬP

I PRESENT SIMPLE OR FUTURE SIMPLE ?

1.Children (ask)……… a lot of

questions

2 I ( love)………classical

music

3 You always ( forget )……… my

birthday

4 They never (listen)………to me

5 They usually ( drink ) ………

coffee after their evening meal

6 The village shop ( open)………

at 8 o’clock in the morning

7 A lot of birds (fly )……… south in the

winter

8 My father (watch )………

television most evening

9 She( study)……… hard very hard at the

weekends

10 He (carry)……… the shopping

for his mother

11………your mother sometimes (buy)……… vegetables at this shop?

12 They (leave)………the office

at five everyday

13 He (learn )………French when

he ( have )……… time

14 They ( not go ) ……… on working until the rain ( stop )

………

15 A mother cat (wash )……… her kittens

16 I (not get up) ……… at seven o’clock every morning

17 They (not come )……….to school everyday

18 Lan and Mai (not go )………

to the cinema very often

II SIMPLE PAST (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

1 Formation:

2

(+) S + Ved / V2 (-) S + did not +

Vinf (V1) Did + S + Vinf (V1 ) ?

Note : động từ có qui tắc thêm â“ED”

* động từ bất qui tắc xem ở cột 2.

* Cách thêm “ed” vào động từ:

a Động từ tận cùng bằng “e + d” love ->

loved

b Động từ có tận cùng là “1 phụ âm + y -> i + ed” try

-> tried

c Động từ có tận cùng là “nguyên âm +y -> y + ed”

stay -> stayed

d Hầu hết các động từ tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm đơn đổi thành nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm đôi

(travel -> travelled, stop -> stopped)

e Y và W ở cuối từ không phải là phụ âm, do đó những động

từ có tận cùng là Y và W thì không gấp đôi phụ âm

(play -> played )

2 USES

a Chỉ một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ , kết quả không còn liên quan tới hiện tại.

*Adverbs :

yesterday (morning , afternoon , evening)

last (night, week, month, Sunday, summer )

ago (two days ago, long ago ,along time

ago,

the day before yesterday ( hôm kia )

in the past

formerly trước đây , thuở xưa

previously

Ex:- I went to the circus last night.

-I didn’t go to the circus last night.

-Did you go to the circus last night?

Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t

-They posted all the letters yesterday.

PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ

Transitive ( ngọai động từ )- theo sau là

Object Intransitive ( nội động từ )- khơng cĩ

Object theo sau theo sau

a raise – raised – raised :nâng lên , đưa lên ,

đỡ dậy , nêu lên , đặt ra.

Tom raised his head.

rise- rose- risen :dậy , đứng dậy , mọc lên , dâng lên , nổi lên , bắt nguồn từ.

The sun rises in the east.

The river is rising after the heavy rain.

Where does the Nil rise ?

b set- set- set : đặt , để ,lặn ( mặt trời )

I will set the book on the desk.

sit – sat – sat : ngồi

I sit in the front row.

c lay – laid – laid : đặt , để , xắp đặt , bố trí ,

bày , đẻ trứng ( gà , cá , chim…)

I am laying the book on the desk.

We lay the table for dinner.

Are your hens laying yet ?

lie – lay – lain : nằm

He is lying on his bed.

* lie – lied- lied = not tell the truth : nĩi dối

He lied to me about his age.

d hang- hung – hung : treo ,

mắc ,phơi

I hung my clothes in the closet.

* hang – hanged- hanged : treo cổ

3

They hanged the criminal by the neck until he

was dead.

Choose the correct word in parentheses

1 The student ( raised / rose ) his hand in class

2 Hot air ( raises , rises )

3 Ann ( set , sat ) in a chair because she was tired

4 I ( set , sat ) your dictionary on the table a few minutes ago

5 Hens ( lay , lie ) eggs

6 Al is ( laying , lying ) on the grass in the park right now

7 Jan ( laid , lay ) the comb on top of the dresser a few minutes ago

8 If you are tired , you should ( lay , lie ) down and take a nap

9 San Francisco ( lay , lies ) to the north of Los Angeles

10 We ( hanged , hung ) the picture on the wall

PRACTICE : PAST SIMPLE

1.I (buy )……… some new clothes last

week

2.What time ………they (come)

………

last night ?

3………you ( eat)……….a lot at the

party?

4 Peter (do ) ……….the washing up last

night

5 We (not know)……… it was

your birthday

6.My wife and I (travel)……… to Mexico by air last summer

7 I (read )………that novel again during my last vacation

8.I ( have )……… little trouble with

my car last week

9.We ( come )………here a month ago

10.He (close)……… all the windows, (lock )……… the door and then went out

III / SIMPLE FUTURE (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN )

1 Formation:

I, we + shall

+ bare inf

He , she, it, we,

you, they +

will + bare

inf ( V1)

(-) S + shall not / will not + bare inf ( V1 )

(?) shall / will + S + Vinf

Viết tắt:

He will = He’ll

I shall = I’ll shall not = shan’t

will not = won’t

* Note: Ta có thể dùng “will” ở tất cả các ngôi

2.Uses

a Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai hay dự đoán về tương lai.

Ex:

She will be here in a few minutes

I shall be rich one day.

Tomorrow will be sunny.

Adverbs:

tomorrow, tonight , the day after tomorrow (ngày kia)

next ( week ,month, summer, Monday )

in ( in two days, )

4

b Diễn tả những suy nghĩ tiên đoán của người nói với các động tư ø: think , hope , expect , be afraid , be sure,

Ex: I think she will come.

I hope he will get the job he’s applied for.

c Một hành động lời nói trong tương lai mà ngay khi nói mới có dự định về hành động đó

Ex: Oh, Is she ill? I’ll come to see her this afternoon.

d Modal “ Will” to make requests , offers and promises

* Diễn tả một lời đề nghị lịch sư yêu cầu ai làm gìï.(make

requests )

Will you + bare

inf……… ? EX: Will you shut the door , please?

* Ngỏ ý sẵn lịng giúp đỡ ai làm gì (make offers )

Shall I + bare

inf……… ?

I will + bare

inf………

That bag looks heavy Shall I carry it for you

?

That bag looks heavy I will help you with it.

* Diễn tả một lời hứa ( make promises)

EX: I won’t tell them what you said / I promise I will study harder.

IV PRESENT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT

PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIỀP DIỄN )

1 Formation:

S + to be (am, is,

are ) + Ving (-) S +to be + not + Ving (?) To be + S +Ving

* Note: Cách thêm “ing” vào động từ:

a Động từ có tận cùng là “e”, bỏ “e” rồi mới thêm “ing”.

Drive -> driving smile -> smiling

b Động từ có tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó chỉ có một nguyên âm duy nhất thì phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ing”

run -> running, swim -> swimming , sit -> sitting ,

c Động từ tận cùng bằng “ie” đổi thành “ y +ing”.

Tie -> tying , lie (nằm) -> lying,

d Đặc biệt: draw-> drawing , play -> playing, begin ->

beginning, travel -> travelling

2 Uses

a Một hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói

thường đi kèm với:

now = at the moment = at

present= presently : bây giờ

right now: ngay bây giờ ,

today

Ex:

The farmers are working in the field now They are playing football at the moment.

b Một hành động đang diễn tiến , chưa chấm dứt (thường dùng với still ).

5

Ex: He’s still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.

c Những câu đi theo sau thức mệnh lệnh

(Look ! Listen, Be quiet , Keep silent , Hurry up………….)

Ex: Look ! The boy is running after a bus Listen ! Someone is knocking at the door Hurry up ! The train is coming in Be quiet ! A child is sleeping. d Một dự định trong tương lai , có sự sắp xếp Ex: He is arriving tomorrow on the 5.30 train. e Using Present progressive with “ always”: Hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng với “ always” Hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng với “ always”để phàn nàn , diễn tả sự khĩ chịu hay tức giận. a Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am b He is always borrowing my clothes without asking me. Note : Một số động từ chỉ dùng ơ ûcác thì đơn giản, không dùng dạng tiếp diễn: want

like

belong

know

be suppose need

love

see

mean think (tin) prefer

hate

hear

believe

understand have (có)

remember

forget

seem

Ex: I am tired now She wants to go for a walk at the moment PRACTICE : PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIỀP DIỄN ) 1 She (read )………at the moment 2 I (not watch )………television at the moment 3………you (listen )……….to the radio now ? 4………Peter ( work )………

in London at present ? 5 The students (look up )………

that new word right now 6 We (do )………exercise thirteen right at the moment 7 Be quiet ! The baby( sleep)………

7 Be quiet ! The baby ( sleep) ………

8 Look ! The man ( run )………

after the train He wants to catch it 9 It ( be) ………very cold now 10 John (travel )……… to England tomorrow 11 Listen ! Someone (sing) … ………

beautifully 12 Where is your father ? - He is in the garden He (plant ) …………

……… some trees 13 You ( always , talk ) ……… in class ! 14 Mr Brown ( always / miss ) ………

……… the bus !

6

V PRESENT PERFECT ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỊAN THÀNH )

1 FORMATION

S + have / has + past

participle (Ved / V3)

S+ have not / has not + Ved / V3

Have / has + S + Ved / V3

Note: I , you, we, they + have

He, she, it + has

Viết tắt :I have= I’ve ,/ she has = she’s

I have not = I haven’ t, / she has not = she hasn’t

Cấu tạo quá khứ phân từ : Động từ có qui tắc thêm

“ed”, bất qui tắc xem ở cột 3 (V3).

2, USES

a Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ , không nêu rõ thời gian.

Ex: I’ve been to Paris.

b Dùng trong các thành ngữ:

* Dùng với “just, recently,

lately: vừa mới, mới đây”

để chỉ một hành động vừa

mới xảy ra

Ex:My parents have just bought a new

house

I’ve seen him recently

*.Dùng với already chỉ một

hành động đã xong

Ex:She has read the newspaper already.(She

has already read the newspaper)

*.Dùng với never before,

ever (đã từng bao giờ )

Ex: Have you ever seen that film before ?

-I have never seen it

*.Dùng với not yet (vẫn chưa)

Ex: We have not finished our work yet.

*.Dùng với up to now = up to

the present = so far : cho đến bây giờ

Ex: So far I have read 50 pages *.several time , many times

Ex: Have you ever been to Ho Chi Minh City?

-No, I have not been there yet But my parents have been there twice this year

* since then : kể từ đĩ

* ever since

c Dùng với “ since , for” để nói về một sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẩn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại.

For + một

khoảng thời gian

for five months for five minutes

for three hours for 10 weeks

for ten years for a long time

Since + một mốc thời gian

since Tuesday since the beginning of the month

since January since Christmas since the summer 15th July

Ex: They have been married for a long time.

I’ve worked there for two months.

I’ve waited for you since 5 o’clock ( for 3 hours).

d Dùng với câu hỏi “How long ( bao lâu ) , Since when ( từ bao giơ ø)”

Ex: How long have you lived in this town?

Since when have you worked at this factory?

e.

present perfect + since + simple past

Ex: He has been good to me since I was a little girl.

f Dùng với cấu trúc so sánh nhất.

Ex: That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read

7

g Dùng để cung cấp thơng tin mới hoặc để nĩi về sự việc vùa mới xảy ra.

a I’ve lost my key Can you help me look for it ?

b Do you know about Jim ? He’s gone to Canada

c Ow ! I’ve burn myself

PRACTICE : PRESENT PERFECT ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỊAN THÀNH )

1 I (work )………for the bank for three years

2.We (be )………here since July

3.How long ………you ( live )………in

this town?

- I (live )………in this town for ten years

4.They just (decide )…………to buy a new house

5………you ever (be )……… to Ho

Chi Minh yet?

-No , I (not be ) there yet But my parents (be)

………there twice this year

6.She’s got the best voice I (ever hear)………

7 Since when………you (learn )…… English?

- I (learn )………it since I (be )………a girl of twelve

8.They (do )………nothing since they (get )……… up 9.I (write )………two letters already

10.I’m sorry, she just (go )……… out

11 This is the first time the children (travel)

……… by plane

VI THE NEAR FUTURE : “ BE GOING TO”

(THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN )

1 Form

I am

He , she , it + is + going to + bare inf

We , you , they are

2 Uses

Dùng “ø going to” để nói về hành đông trong tương lai.

a Going to: nói về một dự định đã được sắp xếp từ

trước.

Hai is learning to drive He is going to be a driver.

I’m going to visit my grandmother this summer.

b Dùng “going to” khi có điều gì đó trong tình huống hiện

tại cho thấy điều gì đó sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (đặc biệt

là tương lai gần) Dựa vào tình huống hiện tại, người nói tin chắc sẽ xảy ra.

Look at the back clouds It’s going to rain.

VII PAST CONTINUOUS / PAST PROGRESSIVE

(THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN )

1 Formation:

(S + to be (was / were) +Ving (S + was not / were not

+Ving

(?) Was / Were + S + Ving?

Note: I, he , she ,it + was / we, you, they +were

Was not = wasn’t / were not = weren’t

2 Uses

a Một hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khư , ở một thời

điểm xác định hoặc cả khoảng thời gian

8

-at this (that) time yesterday

-at ( 9) o’clock yesterday

-the whole day (all day) yesterday

Ex: He was learning English at 7 o’clock last night.

They were playing tennis all yesterday morning.

It was raining the whole day yesterday.

b Một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một

hành động khác xảy ra,hành động xảy ra sau chia ở thì

quá khứ đơn giản (dùng với as, while, when)

As, while + past continuous +

simple past

• as, while: trong khi (chỉ sự

việc xảy ra kéo dài)

When + simple past + past continuous

when : khi ,lúc (chỉ sự việc xảy

ra ngắn hơn, đột xuất)

Ex: We were walking in the park when it rained.

The lights went out while we were having dinner.

When I arrived at his house, he was still sleeping.

As we were crossing the street, the policeman shouted at us.

c Hai hoặc nhiều hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời.

Ex: Last night her mother was watching TV while her father was reading a newspaper.

PRACTICE : PAST PROGRESSIVE and PAST SIMPLE

1.When I saw them , they (play)……… football

2.When she ( telephone)……… , I

was having a bath

3.They were watching television when I (visit)

……….them

4.I (walk )………into the house

when I heard the noise

5.I was reading when the phone (ring )…………

6.We (listen )………to the

radio when it suddenly stopped working

7.Why………cards when he walked into the office ? (you play)

8………when you turned on the gas ? (you smoke)

9.As we (cross ) ………the street, the policeman (shout )………at us

10.The light (go out )………while

we (have) ………dinner 11.While I (walk)………around the park , I (see )………Mr John

VIII PAST PERFECT ( QUÁ KHỨ HỊAN THÀNH )

1 Formation:

S + had + pp

(Ved / V3) S + had not ( hadn’t ) + pp Had + S + pp ?

2 USES

a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác

trong quá khứ.

-các từ thường dùng:

when, by the time (vào lúc), after, before, because, as soon as

after

as soon as + past perfect +

simple past

when

by the time + simple past + past perfect

9

because before

Ex: He answered all the questions correctly because he had studied very hard.

She was tired last night because she had played volleyball all afternoon.

He had already gone by the time we arrived.

As soon as I had finished my homework, I went out for a walk.

After he had done his homework, he watched the football game on television.

The rain had stopped before we started.

When we got into the stadium, the football match had already begun.

b Một hành động đã xảy ra hoàn tất trước một điểm thời gian trong quá khứ.

Ex: He had finished his homework before 8 p.m last night.

Simple past or Past perfect ? ( P59- E Gram – New/ P45 E Gram in use )

1 He ( be ) ……… a newspaper reporter before he ( become )

……… a businessman

2 I ( feel ) ……… a little better after I (take )……… the

medicine

3 I was late The teacher ( give , already ) ……… a quiz when I ( get )

……

……… to class

4 The anthropologist ( leave ) ……… the village when she ( collect )

………

……… enough data

5 It was raining hard, but by the time class (be ) ……… over , the rain (stop)

………

6 Class ( begin , already ) ……… by the time I ( get ) ……… there,

so I ( take , quietly ) ……… a seat in the back

7 Millions years ago , dinosaurs ( roam ) ……….the earth , but they ( become )

…

……… extinct by the time humankind first ( appear ) ………

8 I ( see, never ) ……… any Picasso’s paintings before I ( visit )

………

the art museum

9 I almost miss the plane All of the other passengers ( board , already ) ………

by the time I ( get ) ……… there

10 Yesterday at a restaurant , I ( see ) ……… Pam Donnelly , an old friend of mine I ( see , not ) ……… her in years At first ,I ( recognize , not )

……… her because she ( lose ) ……… at least fifty pounds

11 My best friend, Kevin , was no longer there He ( go ) ……… away

12 The local cinema was no longer open It ( close ) ……… down

13 Bill no longer had his car He ( sell ) ……… it

14 I didn’t recognize Mrs Johnson She ( change ) ……… a lot

15 The house was very quiet when I got home Everybody ( go ) ……… to bed

16 I felt very tired when I got home , so I ( go ) ……… straight to bed

17 Sorry , I’m late The car ( break ) ……… down on my way here

18 There was a car by the side of the road It ( break ) ……… down and the driver was trying to repair it So we ( stop ) ……… to see if we could help

IX PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS

10