Thesis

How to Write a PhD ThesisJoe Wolfe School of PhysicsThe University of New South Wales, Sydney Spanish version: Cómo escribir una tesis de doctoradoFrench version: Comment rediger une thèseItalian version: Come scrivere una tesi di dottorato This guide to thesis writing gives simple and practical advice on the problems of getting started, getting organised, dividing the huge task into less formidable pieces and working on those pieces. It also explains the practicalities of surviving the ordeal. It includes a suggested structure and a guide to what should go in each section. It was originally written for graduate students in physics, and most of the specific examples given are taken from that discipline. Nevertheless, the feedback from users indicates that it has been widely used and appreciated by graduate students in diverse fields in the sciences and humanities. • Getting started o An outline o Organisation o Word processors o A timetable o Iterative solution • What is a thesis? For whom is it written? How should it be written? o How much detail? o Make it clear what is yours o Style o Presentation o How many copies? o Personal o Coda • Thesis Structure • How to survive a thesis defence Getting StartedWhen you are about to begin, writing a thesis seems a long, difficult task. That is because it is a long, difficult task. Fortunately, it will seem less daunting once you have a couple of chapters done. Towards the end, you will even find yourself enjoying it---an enjoyment based on satisfaction in the achievement, pleasure in the improvement in your technical writing, and of course the approaching end. Like many tasks, thesis writing usually seems worst before you begin, so let us look at how you should make a start. An outlineFirst make up a thesis outline: several pages containing chapter headings, sub-headings, some figure titles (to indicate which results go where) and perhaps some other notes and comments. There is a section on chapter order and thesis structure at the end of this text. Once you have a list of chapters and, under each chapter heading, a reasonably complete list of things to be reported or explained, you have struck a great blow against writer's block. When you sit down to type, your aim is no longer a thesis---a daunting goal---but something simpler. Your new aim is just to write a paragraph or section about one of your subheadings. It helps to start with an easy one: this gets you into the habit of writing and gives you self-confidence. Often the Materials and Methods chapter is the easiest to write---just write down what you did; carefully, formally and in a logical order. How do you make an outline of a chapter? For most of them, you might try the method that I use for writing papers, and which I learned from my thesis adviser (Stjepan Marcelja): Assemble all the figures that you will use in it and put them in the order that you would use if you were going to explain to someone what they all PRACTICE LESSON 1 John cannot make a _ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car a decide b decision c decisive d Decisively She often drives very so she rarely causes accident a carefully b careful c caring d Careless All Sue’s friends and came to her party a relations b Relatives c relationship d Related My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals He is a ……… a biology b biologist c biological d biologically c responsibly d responsiveness She takes the …… for running the household a responsibility b responsible We are a very close-nit family and very … of one another a supporting b supportive c support d supporter You are old enough to take _ for what you have done a responsible c responsibly b responsibility d irresponsible He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school a biology b biological c biologist d biologically Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in a agree b agreeable c agreement d Agreeably 10 The more _ and positive you look, the better you will feel a confide b confident c confidently d Confidence 11 My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _ by next week a marry b married c marriageable d marriage 12 London is home to people of many _ cultures a diverse b diversity c diversify d diversification 13 Some people are concerned with physical when choosing a wife or husband a attractive b attraction c.attractiveness d.attractively 14 Mrs Pike was so angry that she made a _ gesture at the driver a rude b rudeness c rudely d rudest 15 She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation a polite 16 b politely He a deaf is unhappy b deafen c politeness d impoliteness because of c deafness his d Deafened 17 His country has climate a continent b continental c continence d Continentally c preferentially d Preference 18 She has a for pink a prefer b preferential 19 Computers a widely are 20 I sometimes a comfort 21 English a communicative c communicate 22 I have a choose to 23 English is a instruct used -b wide used in c widen not feel when b comfortable c comforted is by the this job b choice pilots to b instructors Don’t a harm be 26 During a child 27 Jack London a interest his because I c choosing ask am have for landing c instructions family lived c childish wrote several b interestedly -c interesting at a party d Comfortably no d Chosen in Cairo d Instructive c disappointed afraid This snake b harmful c harmless , his b childhood I and universities d Width language of b communication d communicatively 24 He did some odd jobs at home a disappointment b disappoint 25 schools d Disappointedly is in d Unharmed the novels United State d Childlike on adventure d interested 28 He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any for it a prepare b preparation c preparing d Prepared 29 The custom a convenient 30 She a absorbed is was said to b convenience -b absorbent be a matter c conveniently in her c absorptive of d Convene book d Absorb 31 As she is so with her present job, she has decided to leave a satisfy b satisfied c satisfying d unsatisfied 2 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Do Ba Quy, for his generous assistance and guidance while I was doing this project. I am really grateful to him for his precious advice and constant support.I would also like to send my sincere thanks to the teachers and the students in American International College who have helped me in providing the materials and answering the questionnaire.I am also in debt of my lecturers, my friends, my classmates as well as my colleagues for their invaluable comments and criticism.Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family, my husband and son who have always encouraged me to complete this study. Vietnam national University, HanoiCollege of Foreign LanguagesDepartment of Postgraduate StudiesA s tud y oFAn alternative approachto teaching essay writing to TOEFL learnersMinor Thesis(Nghiên cứu Đổi mới phơng pháp dạy viết Luận cho học viên chứng chỉ ToefL)By: Nguyen Thi Chung MienField: MethodologyCode: 5.07.02Hanoi, 2005 Vietnam national University, HanoiCollege of Foreign LanguagesDepartment of Postgraduate StudiesA s tud y oFAn alternative approachto teaching essay writing to TOEFL learners(Nghiên cứu Đổi mới phơng pháp dạy viết Luận cho học viên chứng chỉ ToefL)By: Nguyen Thi Chung MienSupervisor: Do Ba Quy, MAHanoi, 2005 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the studyEnglish has become an international language and was confirmed as the first foreign language to be taught at schools in Vietnam at the party Committee meeting on education in 1996. English is considered to play a significant role on the country’s path to WTO. The command of English may offer learners an entrance to the world of academy, trade, aviation, music and sport….TOEFL, Test of English as foreign language conducted by ETS in the USA, a powerful country in the world, assesses learner’s ability of using English in an international communication environment. Many learners throughout the world take TOEFL tests annually and experience TWE-Test of Written English included in a TOEFL test. Many Vietnamese undergraduate and post-graduated students want to study abroad or work for foreign companies, so they first need TOEFL report that has been lately introduced to Vietnam. TWE is one of the first requirements in any TOEFL test to be claimed the most difficult and the least interesting subject. Teachers often ignore this skill in an outline course or spend a little time at the end of the course for it. Besides, learners are less motivated in it for the score is not added in TOEFL report. As a result, writing is always the worst skill that is to claim though it is important to write an essay in other tests namely, IELTS, EFC… and is the first requirement to apply for a job or a scholarship. Writing, like any other skills, can be learned and improved with practice. For many Vietnamese students presenting written work is a substantial challenge. They may have little experience of writing since leaving secondary schools or colleges, and may be very anxious about having to write essays marked by a tutor. There is no doubt that having one’s work assessed by another is a daunting experience, but there are techniques, which can be adopted and make this skill easier.1.2 Statement of the problemSeldom does any state-owned school or college teach their students TOEFL courses officially in Vietnam. Learners who want to study for TOEFL courses owe their knowledge to teachers or textbooks in some foreign language centers. Teachers may never be trained as TOEFL teachers before but they still take over the task, which raises the problem of inadequate demand-supply chain. Moreover, there are few reference methodology books for TOEFL test 1 takers. Most of the books are reedited with a little translation and are not really based on any real research of learning-teaching method of TOEFL to Vietnamese students. It is time researchers looked for a better learning-teaching methodology for TOEFL-specific skills. Writing is the first part to be achieved because writing an interesting essay in mother tongue is difficult and this task is more difficult when written in English, a foreign language to most TOEFL learners in Vietnam regardless of stress and time pressure in the test room. Approaches to teaching writing have long been classified by many researchers and applied in many language classrooms, modified by many teachers of writing throughout the world. Teaching essay writing is one of these above approaches but to Vietnamese learners, teachers of writing are supposed to pay attention to three key WRITING PAPERName: Group C Paper: 01F2gTask: 01 EX Write: People attend college or university for many different reasons such as a new experience, career preparation and increased knowledge. I think that these are the most common reasons.The first reason will begin with career preparation. Many learners go to university or college want to get a good job in the future. Therefore they tried to learn most subjects at school meeting the demand of social.The second one is having new experience in their late life. Many learners leave home and enter a college and taste a new air in the college where is far from their houses or old school. Because they meet new friends, eat new kinds of food, have a different daily routine from their old ones.Lastly is that learners can increase their knowledge. They can learn new things from their teachers, friends and people around.In conclusion, besides the above reasons, there are still some other reasons for students to participate in college are that they have to at home if they don’t enter university, they will be jobless. WRITING PAPERName: Group D Paper: 02F5gTask: 02 AD Write: I strongly agree with the statement that parents are the best teachers for three following reasons: they are old and experience; they always bring the best for their children as good education, good food, good living house and good friends; and they always give their kids better advice. Parents are good so their children can followFirstly, parents are old and experienced people. They know many things in life and what they know they want their kids can know. Moreover, they work, travel a lot so they meet the difficulty time in their life, they will tell the students to avoid mistakes that they passed. So, parents are the best teachers and they use their experience to teach their childrenSecondly, parents always bring the best things for their kids. They work hard to earn money to pay their children’s fee at school. They buy their son or daughter with good food; make a good house where their children can come back to. Also parents want to choose best friends to play with. Then, they are the best teacher for their kids.Thirdly, children can get better advice from their parents. No mother or father give their son bad advice. So they give the best advice then their kids can follow. More and more, they are good examples that children obey.In conclusion, parents are always the best teachers who have experience, give children good things in life and best advice. However, children need to learn from other sources. WRITING PAPERName: Group A Paper: 02F6gTask: 02 AD Write: It’s said that parents are always the best teachers but we strongly disagree with the above statement. Because of the following reasons such as: children become more independent when growing; children have a better access to the academic world; and children’s view may be different from their parents’.Firstly, when children are small, their parents can take care of them closely. But when they grow up, they go to school, have friends and teachers, so they can learn from their friend, their teacher and their books, too. Their books may be different from their parents’ books. Therefore, if their [parents teach them at home with the old books, the children may not keep