Unit 11: Language Focus

UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY LANGUAGE FOCUS Date: 27th Feb,2008 Period: 70 Pronunciation: / ‫ﮐ‬r / Shred Shrill Shrug Shrink / spl / split splash spleen splutter / spr / spray spread sprain sprat • • • • • • • • • • Relative clauses replaced by participles : Active participles: + The girl is Lan’s sister What is she doing? - She is playing with her dog + Who can combine these sentences into one? * The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister → The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister Ex: The man who spoke to John is my brother → The man speaking to John is my brother NOTE : We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which has an active meaning • Exercise 1 The boy playing the piano is Ben Do you know the woman coming toward us? The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress The fence surrounding house is made of wood We have an apartment overlooking the park • Passive participles: • + The picture has won the first prize It was drawn by a blind • * The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize • → The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize • NOTE: We can use a past participle to replace a relative clause which has a passive participle • Exercise • The ideas presented in that book are interesting • I come from a city located in the southern part of the country • They live in a house built in 1890 • The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary • The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful • They work in a hospital sponsored by the government • Infinitive relative clauses: • a) Which was the first country which won the world cup? • → Which was the first country to win the world cup? • b) The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights • → The last person to leave will have to turn out the lights • NOTES: We can use a to- infinitive to replace a relative clause • We often use a to- infinitive after an ordinal number ( first, second ), after next and last, after, only, and after superlative adjectives • Exercise • John was the last man to reach the mountain • The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights • The first person to see is Mr Smith • This is the second person to be killed in that way • The first person to catch the ball will be the winner • I pulled of the sheets that covered the furniture a To cover c cover b Covering d covered • A dam is a wall building across at river a • to stop the river’s flow and collect the b c d • water • Homework: • - Do the exercise at home • - Go through and learn the lesson • - Prepare Test yourself D