uptime 2nd wc 2nd whatis 2nd whereis which who 2nd xwininfo zcat zip 2nd comments comparing files diff command compress command compressing files bzip2 utility 2nd gzip command zip command 2nd conditional statements if 2nd syntax while controlling processes converting foreground processes to background proceses 2nd copying files recursively 2nd copying files with cp command copying multiple files with cp command 2nd 3rd cp -r command copying files recursively 2nd cp command copying files copying multiple files 2nd 3rd CPU multitasking CPU usage of emacs editor 2nd creating .xinitrc file 2nd 3rd 4th 5th aliases with ln command 2nd detailed directory listings directories 2nd files with emacs folders in KDE 2nd creating files with vi editor creation date as file search criteria 2nd credentials 2nd .rhosts file password 155 155 changing 2nd passwords selecting 2nd securing user accounts root criteria for file searches by creation date 2nd by file size 2nd 3rd cron command 2nd 3rd crontab file fields crontabs csh (C-shell) 2nd Ctrl+ commands (emacs editor) 2nd Ctrl+c command Ctrl+d command Ctrl+z command suspending processes 2nd ctwm CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) cursor movement in emacs editor customizing Unix environment practicing Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] data manipulation touch command date command 2nd deciphering ls command output 2nd 3rd deleting empty directories 2nd files and directories simultaneously 2nd print jobs 2nd text in emacs editor deleting files with KDE with rm command -f option -r option interactive mode deleting multiple files with rm command detailed directory listings creating 156 156 devices printers df command 2nd diff command 2nd directories and contents, deleting 2nd changing 2nd 3rd changing with popd command changing with pushd command 2nd 3rd creating 2nd disk usage summary, displaying empty, deleting 2nd hidden data viewing home directory 2nd switching to installed hard disks listing contents of moving moving multiple files to path relative path statements 2nd paths absolute path statements 2nd pwd command root directory listing contents of directory stack disaster recovery touch command disk usage managing 2nd displaying command summaries 2nd currently logged-in users 2nd currently running processes dot files file permissions 2nd hidden data 2nd job number 2nd man pages tail end of files documentation online resources 2nd dot files listing du command Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] 157 157 [Z] editing commands emacs editor editing files editing tools emacs creating files meta commands navigating tutorial, opening emacs editor CPU usage vi editor creating files opening 2nd viewing file contents egrep command emacs creating files navigating rivalry with vi editor emacs editor CPU usage 2nd Ctrl+ commands 2nd cursor movement deleting text editing commands meta commands 2nd tutorial, opening 2nd typing text email uuencoding attachments 2nd empty directories removing 2nd end-of-line regular expression environment variables 2nd $PWD $USER syntax 2nd environments KDE 2nd 3rd examples of shell scripts 2nd 3rd execute attribute executing commands in current directory extended C-shell (tcsh) extensions of filters extracting tar-files 158 158 Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] fg command 2nd fgrep command fields of crontab file file management [See also editing files] absolute file paths 2nd concatenation 2nd 3rd 4th copying files recursively 2nd creating directories 2nd creating files with emacs disk usage 2nd moving directories moving files 2nd moving files over a network 2nd relative file paths 2nd removing files and directories simultaneously 2nd file management skills test 2nd 3rd 4th file ownership determining file permissions displaying 2nd setting bit mask syntax 2nd 3rd file size as file search criteria 2nd 3rd file system 2nd absolute path statements 2nd attributes execute read write directories changing 2nd listing contents of pwd command directory stack file attributes fsck command 2nd 3rd hidden data viewing home directory 2nd switching to installed hard disks navigating with KDE relative path statements 2nd files aliases 159 159 creating with ln command 2nd copying with cp command 2nd 3rd 4th copying recursively 2nd organizing filters CUPS extensions find command 2nd 3rd locating files commonly encountered errors finding files on networks with grep command 2nd with KDE Find Files feature 2nd with which command finger utility 2nd as security risk updating personal information 2nd focused input foreach command 2nd 3rd 4th foreground processes converting to background processes 2nd format of regular expressions in grep command fsck command 2nd 3rd ftp 2nd 3rd [See also sftp] syntax ftp command 2nd fvwm fvwm2 Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] GNOME (GNU Netowrk Object Model Environment graphical logins graphical logouts 2nd grep command 2nd regular expressions format group permissions changing 2nd groups GUIs X Windows System loading server functionality starting 160 160 gunzip utility gzcat utility gzip command Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] hard disks directories hard links creating to files head command 2nd help command help system 2nd accessing apropos command 2nd info help format 2nd man pages 2nd 3rd benefits of displaying scrolling versus other resources whatis command 2nd help systems SuSE Help Center hidden data displaying 2nd home directory 2nd accessing from KDE switching to hung processes returning to shell prompt Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] I/O STDIN 2nd 3rd 4th STDOUT 2nd I/O redirection 2nd pipes 2nd STDERR 2nd if command 161 161 if conditional statement incremental backups verifying with touch comman info help format 2nd input STDIN 2nd 3rd 4th insert mode (vi editor) interactive mode removing files with rm command IP_ addressing Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] job number versus PID jobs command 2nd Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] KDE 2nd 3rd built-in editor 2nd 3rd files, opening default configuration changing deleting files file system navigating file system navigation Find Files menu option searching for files 2nd folders creating 2nd home directory, accessing icons moving files user interface 2nd KDE editor activating keyboard shortcuts in vi editor 2nd keyboards 162 162 focused input kill command killed processes Konqueror file system, navigating Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] less command 2nd 3rd Linux online resources listing dot files registered shells on your system root directory contents listing contents of directories ln command 2nd loading X Windows System locating files by date 2nd by file size 2nd 3rd find command 2nd commonly encountered errors on networks with grep command 2nd with KDE Find Files feature 2nd with whereis command with which command logging in accounts credentials securing graphically practicing terminal emulation text-based shell prompt user accounts case sensitivity logging out graphically 2nd practicing text-based logout text-based lpq command 2nd lpr command 2nd syntax 163 163 lprm command 2nd ls command 2nd 3rd 4th -l option 2nd all option options output, deciphering 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] man -f command 2nd man -k command 2nd man pages 2nd 3rd benefits of displaying scrolling versus other resources managing disk usage 2nd manipulating data with touch command manually starting X Windows System meta commands meta commands (emacs editor) 2nd MIME (Multipart Internet Mail Extensions) mkdir command 2nd modification dates changing with touch comman changing with touch command 2nd more command mouse button layout on window managers 2nd moving files over a network 2nd files with KDE multiple files to a directory moving directories moving files 2nd multiple empty directories removing multiple files moving to a directory removing with rm command multitasking background processes mv command 2nd 3rd issuing on a network 2nd 164 164 [...]... number of copies specifying 166 167 processes automating background processes multitasking background, sending to foreground 2nd controlling processes converting to background process 2nd currently running displaying job number displaying 2nd killed killing multitasking PID versus job number scheduling 2nd for single interval signaling stopping programming ps command pushd command changing directories 2nd... permissions changing 2nd setting 2nd personal information, updating with chfn command 2nd PID versus job number PID (process ID) pipes 2nd popd command changing directories 2nd 3rd Practical Extraction and Report Language [See Perl] practicing environment customization logins and logouts print jobs checking status of 2nd removing from print queue 2nd spooling print queue print servers printers printing number... loading X Windows System shells bash bash (Bourne-again shell) C shell scripting with changing 2nd 3rd csh 2nd selecting sh 2nd tcsh (extended C-shell) shutdown command 2nd SIGHUP signal SIGKILL signal signaling processes similarity of UNIX and Windows commands single-user mode 2nd skill test skills test 2nd 3rd slogin command 2nd soft links creating to files special characters setting off specifying... copies to print split command 2nd [See also cat command] spooling ssh (secure shell) 2nd start-of-line regular expression starting applications with xinitrc applications with xinitrc file 2nd 3rd KDE editor twm 2nd vi editor 2nd X Windows System 170 171 xconsole window startx shell script loading X Windows System status of print jobs checking 2nd STDERR (standard error) 2nd STDIN (standard input) 2nd... scripter scripting with C shell scripts xinitrc file comments scrolling in man pages pagers searching ranges 2nd searching for files by date 2nd by file size 2nd 3rd find command 2nd commonly encountered errors on networks with grep command 2nd with KDE Find Files feature 2nd with whereis command with which command security credentials, protecting finger utility, disabling forgetting to logout slogin command... 2nd removing files with rm command -f option interactive mode with rm command-f option removing multiple files with rm command renaming commands 2nd repairing system in single-user mode 2nd 3rd REs $ end-of-line [] (brackets) 2nd conditional statements syntax in grep command format REs (regular expressions) 2nd resource consumption of emacs editor resource database (X Windows System) retrieving information... one-time-only tasks scheduling online resources 2nd 3rd opening emacs tutorial 2nd files with KDE built -in editor vi editor 2nd opening files with vi editor operators 2 3 options for rm command organizing data other permissions output appending to text files of ls command, deciphering 2nd 3rd 4th paging through redirection 2nd STDERR 2nd STDOUT 2nd ownership of files determining 165 166 Index [SYMBOL] [A]... command 2nd selecting passwords 2nd shells window manager sending background processes to foreground 2nd setting permissions 2nd bit mask syntax 2nd 3rd 169 170 system time 2nd setting off special characters SFTP (Secure FTP) sh (Bourne shell) 2nd shell prompt shell scripter shell scripting environment variables 2nd shell scripts xinitrc creating 2nd 3rd 4th 5th starting applications xinitrc file comments... 3rd pwd command 2nd Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] ranges negating searching 2nd read attribute read only attribute reassembling split files reboot command 2nd recalling commands recursive actions 2nd 3rd changing permissions copying files 2nd deleting files redirection 2nd 3rd pipes 2nd STDERR 2nd STDIN 2nd STDOUT 2nd... [Z] packaging pagers less 2nd 3rd more 2nd 3rd passwd command password changing passwords selecting 2nd patch command PATH environment variable locating files in path variables paths [See also hard disks;directories] absolute path statements 2nd relative path statements 2nd pattern matching Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language) permissions changing recursively file permissions viewing 2nd group . queue 2nd spooling print queue print servers printers printing number of copies specifying 166 166 processes automating background processes multitasking background, sending to foreground. command Ctrl+z command suspending processes 2nd ctwm CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) cursor movement in emacs editor customizing Unix environment practicing Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D]. controlling processes converting to background process 2nd currently running displaying job number displaying 2nd killed killing multitasking PID versus job number scheduling 2nd for single