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TRANSFORMATION

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TRANSFORMATION Structure 1 - Because he was ill seriously, he couldn’t come.  Because of his serious illness he couldn’t come. Structure 2 - Although he was inexperienced, he got a good salary.  He got good salary despite his inexperience. Structure 3 - He has not seen me forr threee years.  It is three years since he last saw me. Structure 4 - I haveni’t palyed football since 2005.  The last time I played football was in 2005. Structure 5 - He began working for us three years ago.  He has worked for three years. - He started chatting about an hour ago.  They have chatted about for an hour. Structure 6 - When did you live here?  How long have you lived here? Structure 7: Rút gọn - When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.  Seeing the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road. Chú ý: phải cùng S  ta bỏ S, bỏ liên từ before, When, …. (nếu có) chuyển từ V2/ed thành Ving Structure 8: Rút gọn - After I had sleep for twelve hours, I felt better.  Having slept for twelve hours, I felt better. Chú ý: phải cùng S  ta bỏ S, bỏ liên từ (nếu có) đồng thời chuyển had  having 1 Because Noun As + clause  Because of + since Grerund Though Although + clause  despite /inspite of + Noun / gerund Even though S + have / has + NOT + V 3/ed … + for time  It is + time + sice + S + last + V 2/ed … S + Hve / has + not + V 3/ed … + since / for / ago  The last time + S + V 2/ed + was …. S + began / started + Ving + time + ago  S + have / has + V 3/ed + for + time When + did + S + V 0 ….?  how long + have + S + V 3/ed ….? Before / When / As + S + V 2/ed …  Ving After / Because… + S + had + V 3/ed , ….  Having + V 3/ed , … TRANSFORMATION Structure 9: Thật là … để làm - It is easy to do this exercise.  Doing this exercise is easy. Structure 10 - It takes me two hours to watch the film.  I spend two hours watching the films. - It took Diem ten minutes to talk on the phone.  Diem spent ten minutes talking on the phone. Structure 11 - Mary cook dinner in the kitchen.  I see Mary cook dinner in the kitchen.  Practice 1. Before Peter came to Paris, he studied French.  2. As she was umemployed, Keith spent all her time looking for a job.  3. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.  4. After I had slept for twelve hours, I felt better.  5. We had spent all money, so we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.  6. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.  7. Because we have been invited to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.  8. It is easy to do this exercise.  9. It’s difficult to learn German.  10. It’s hot to live in a desert.  11. It’s dangerous to contact with poisonous snakes.  2 It’s adj + to V1…  Ving …. + is It + takes + sb + TIME + TO-V1 took will take  S + spend + TIME + VING spent will spend S + catch + O + V 0 … (go/eat/sleep)… See Notice Observe Watch Feel Look Listen to TRANSFORMATION 12. It is interesting to listen to music  13. It takes me two hours to watch the film.  14. It takes them five years to build the bridge.  15. The students epend three hours doing the exams  3 . TRANSFORMATION Structure 1 - Because he was ill seriously, he couldn’t come.  Because of his serious. When / As + S + V 2/ed …  Ving After / Because… + S + had + V 3/ed , ….  Having + V 3/ed , … TRANSFORMATION Structure 9: Thật là … để làm - It is easy to do this exercise.  Doing this exercise. spend S + catch + O + V 0 … (go/eat/sleep)… See Notice Observe Watch Feel Look Listen to TRANSFORMATION 12. It is interesting to listen to music  13. It takes me two hours to watch the

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