TRANSFORMATION Structure 1 - Because he was ill seriously, he couldn’t come. Because of his serious illness he couldn’t come. Structure 2 - Although he was inexperienced, he got a good salary. He got good salary despite his inexperience. Structure 3 - He has not seen me forr threee years. It is three years since he last saw me. Structure 4 - I haveni’t palyed football since 2005. The last time I played football was in 2005. Structure 5 - He began working for us three years ago. He has worked for three years. - He started chatting about an hour ago. They have chatted about for an hour. Structure 6 - When did you live here? How long have you lived here? Structure 7: Rút gọn - When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road. Seeing the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road. Chú ý: phải cùng S ta bỏ S, bỏ liên từ before, When, …. (nếu có) chuyển từ V2/ed thành Ving Structure 8: Rút gọn - After I had sleep for twelve hours, I felt better. Having slept for twelve hours, I felt better. Chú ý: phải cùng S ta bỏ S, bỏ liên từ (nếu có) đồng thời chuyển had having 1 Because Noun As + clause Because of + since Grerund Though Although + clause despite /inspite of + Noun / gerund Even though S + have / has + NOT + V 3/ed … + for time It is + time + sice + S + last + V 2/ed … S + Hve / has + not + V 3/ed … + since / for / ago The last time + S + V 2/ed + was …. S + began / started + Ving + time + ago S + have / has + V 3/ed + for + time When + did + S + V 0 ….? how long + have + S + V 3/ed ….? Before / When / As + S + V 2/ed … Ving After / Because… + S + had + V 3/ed , …. Having + V 3/ed , … TRANSFORMATION Structure 9: Thật là … để làm - It is easy to do this exercise. Doing this exercise is easy. Structure 10 - It takes me two hours to watch the film. I spend two hours watching the films. - It took Diem ten minutes to talk on the phone. Diem spent ten minutes talking on the phone. Structure 11 - Mary cook dinner in the kitchen. I see Mary cook dinner in the kitchen. Practice 1. Before Peter came to Paris, he studied French. 2. As she was umemployed, Keith spent all her time looking for a job. 3. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident. 4. After I had slept for twelve hours, I felt better. 5. We had spent all money, so we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel. 6. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area. 7. Because we have been invited to the party, we could hardly refuse to go. 8. It is easy to do this exercise. 9. It’s difficult to learn German. 10. It’s hot to live in a desert. 11. It’s dangerous to contact with poisonous snakes. 2 It’s adj + to V1… Ving …. + is It + takes + sb + TIME + TO-V1 took will take S + spend + TIME + VING spent will spend S + catch + O + V 0 … (go/eat/sleep)… See Notice Observe Watch Feel Look Listen to TRANSFORMATION 12. It is interesting to listen to music 13. It takes me two hours to watch the film. 14. It takes them five years to build the bridge. 15. The students epend three hours doing the exams 3 . TRANSFORMATION Structure 1 - Because he was ill seriously, he couldn’t come. Because of his serious. When / As + S + V 2/ed … Ving After / Because… + S + had + V 3/ed , …. Having + V 3/ed , … TRANSFORMATION Structure 9: Thật là … để làm - It is easy to do this exercise. Doing this exercise. spend S + catch + O + V 0 … (go/eat/sleep)… See Notice Observe Watch Feel Look Listen to TRANSFORMATION 12. It is interesting to listen to music 13. It takes me two hours to watch the