The Real MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 70-432 Prep Kit: Database Implementation and Maintenance
Copyright Page
Technical Editor
Lead Authors
Contributing Authors
Contents
Chapter 1: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 New Features in SQL Server 2008
Introduction
A Word About the Test
New Feature Overview
Installation
Compressed Backups
Enhanced Configuration and Management of Audits
New Table Value Parameter
FileStream Data Types
Sparse Column Support
Encryption Enhancements
Key Management and Encryption
High Availability
Performance
Performance Data Management
Resource Governor (similar to Query Governor)
Freeze Plan
SQL Server 2008 Declarative Management Framework
Development Improvements
LINQ Support
MERGE Statement
Spatial Data Type
Analysis Services Improvements
ETL/SSIS Enhancements
Reporting Services
No Longer Requires IIS
Better Graphing
Export to Word Support
Deprecated Features
Discontinued Features
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 2: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Installing SQL Server 2008
Introduction
SQL Versions, Requirements, Features, and Differences
Planning Your Installation
Upgrade Tools
Hardware Requirements: CPU, Memory, and Disk
Operating System Requirements
Software Requirements
Establishing Service Accounts
Upgrading vs. Side-by-Side Installation
Clustered Installation Considerations
Unattended Installations
Post-Upgrade Activity
Database Instances, Files, Locations, Filegroups, and Performance
Binary File Locations
Filegroups
Disk Planning Best Practices
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 3: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Configuring SQL Server 2008
Introduction
Instances vs. Default Instance
Instance Limitations
Performance Considerations
SQL Server Configuration Manager
Managing Services
Enabling FileStream
Managing Connections and Protocols
Shared Memory
Named Pipes
VIA
TCP/IP
Changing the TCP Port
Aliases
sp_configure and SQL Server Management Studio
Advanced Options
AWE
Setting the Maximum and Minimum Memory for SQL Server
Max Server Memory (MB)
Min Server Memory (MB)
Maximum Degree of Parallelism
Security Certifications
C2 Auditing
Common Criteria Compliance
New Features
Backup Compression Default
FileStream Access Level
Database Mail
Configuring Database Mail
Full-Text Indexing
Configuring Full-Text Indexing
Managing Full-Text Indexes
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 4: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Managing Security
Introduction
Principals
Roles
The “Principle of Least Privilege”
Users
Schemas
Users versus Logins
Authentication Mode
Permissions
Cross-Database Ownership Chaining
Object Permissions
Log-in Permissions (As Related to Roles)
Auditing
Change Data Capture (CDC)
Using DDL Triggers
The SQL Server Configuration Manager
Security and SQL Agent
Service Accounts and Permissions
Domain Service Accounts versus Local Service Accounts
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 5: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Managing Data Encryption
Introduction
Understanding Transparent Data Encryption
Requirements
Enabling TDE
How Data Is Encrypted
Encryption Keys
Key Management
Database Encryption Keys
Best Practices for Managing Database Keys
Cell- and Column-Level Encryption
EFS Encryption (Through the Operating System)
EFS in a Clustered Environment
Restoring Encrypted Backups to Another Server or Instance
Third-Party Encryption Tools
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 6: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Managing High Availability
Introduction
Defining High Availability
SQL High-Availability Options
Log Shipping
Mirroring
Clustering
Special Hardware Requirements
Special Software Requirements
Geo-Clustering
Replication
Recovery Model
Expandability
Hot Add CPU
Hot Add Memory
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 7: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Maintaining Your Database
Introduction
Understanding Data Collation
SQL Server Collations
Binary Collations
Using Collations
Collation Considerations for Backup and Restore
Maintaining Data Files
Implementing Data Compression
Row versus Page Compression
Estimating Space Savings Using sp_estimate_data_compression_savings
Using Sparse Columns
Maintaining Indexes
DBCC Explained
Using DBCC CHECKTABLE to Verify Table Integrity
Using the DBCC CHECKDB to Verify Database Integrity
Using the DBCC SHRINKFILE Option to Reclaim Database Space
Backing Up and Restoring Data
Understanding Database Recovery Models
Backup Types
Choosing a Database Backup Strategy
Restoring Databases
Performing Online Restore
Restoring Individual Pages
Performing Ongoing Maintenance
Using SQL Server Agent
Using Database Maintenance Plans
Policy-Based Management
Examples of Using Policy-Based Management
Using the Data Collector to Collect Performance Data
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 8: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 ETL Techniques
Introduction
Understanding ETL
Bulk Copying Data
Using BCP
Using BCP Data File Types
Using Format Files
Using the BULK INSERT Statement
Recovery Model and Bulk Operations
Optimizing Bulk Load Performance
Distributed Queries
Understanding Fully Qualified Object Names
Enabling Ad Hoc Distributed Queries
Using the OPENROWSET Function
Querying Data with OPENROWSET
Modifying Data with OPENROWSET
Copying Data with OPENROWSET
Using OPENROWSET (BULK,…)
Using the OPENDATASOURCE Function
Using Linked Servers
Using the OPENQUERY Function
Using Distributed Transactions
SQL Server Integration Services
Creating SSIS Packages
Using the Copy Database Wizard
Using the Import and Export Wizard
Using Business Intelligence Development Studio
Using Package Configurations
Managing SSIS
Understanding SSIS Package Storage
Deploying SSIS Packages
Securing SSIS Packages
Using Package Protection Levels
MSDB Database Roles and SSIS Package Roles
Executing SSIS Packages
Logging Package Execution
Alternative ETL Solutions
Coding Solutions
Third-Party Solutions
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 9: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Managing Replication
Introduction
Replication Scenarios
Article
Publication
Subscription
Publisher
Distributor
Subscriber
Replication Types
Snapshot
Components
Transactional
Components
Updatable Subscription
Peer-to-Peer Replication
Merge
Components
Replication Configuration
Configuration of Distributor
Configuration of Publisher
Configuration of Subscriber(s)
Configuration of Peer-to-Peer Replication
Conflict Resolution
Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Peer-to-Peer Replication
DDL Replication
Security Considerations
Snapshot Agent
Connect to Publisher
Replication Performance
Monitoring
Replication Monitor
Tracer Tokens
Alerts
Performance Monitor
Replication Agents
Replication Distribution
Replication Logread
Replication Merge
Replication Snapshot
DMVs
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 10: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Introduction
Service Troubleshooting
Concurrency Issues
Agent Issues
Error Logs
Windows Event Log
SQL Server Log
SQL Server Profiler
Performance Monitor
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 11: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 SQL Server XML Support
Introduction
Working with XML Data
Understanding XML Indexing
HTTP Endpoints
Http Endpoints Defined
Endpoint Can Interface to a Stored Procedure
How to Create the Endpoint
Web Services
XQuery Explained
XPath
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 12: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Service Broker
Introduction
The Queuing Concept Explained
Service Broker Defined
Message Types
Contracts
Queues
Services
Endpoints
Routes
Sending a Message
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 13: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Performance Tuning
Introduction
Tracing
Trace Templates
Trace Events
Trace Filters
Server-Side Tracing
Combining System Monitor and Profiler Traces
Replaying Traces
Using SQLDiag to Collect Performance Data
Locks, Blocking, and Deadlocks
Locking
Blocking
Deadlocks
Transaction Isolation Levels
Lock Escalation
Lock Compatibility
Detecting and Resolving Locking Problems
Guide to the DYNAMIC Management Views (DMVs)
Partitioning
Horizontal Partitioning
Vertical Partitioning
Filegroups
Selecting a Partition Key and Number of Partitions
Partition Function
Partition Scheme
Moving Data between Partitions
Performance Data Collection
Performance Data Collection Explained
Management Data Warehouse
Configuring MDW
Configuring Data Collection
Data Collection Caching
Management Data Warehouse Reports
Resource Governor
Resource Governor Concepts
Resource Pools
Workload Groups
Classification Function
Validate Configuration
Resource Governor Summary
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Chapter 14: MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Implementing Objects
Introduction
Understanding DDL and DML Language Elements
Working with Tables and Views
Creating Tables
Creating User-Defined Data Types
Working with Constraints
Creating Indexes
Working with Full-Text Indexes
Viewing and Modifying Data
Creating Views
Creating Stored Procedures
Creating Functions
Creating Triggers
Summary of Exam Objectives
Exam Objectives Fast Track
Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions
Self Test
Self Test Quick Answer Key
Index
Appendix: The Real MCTS SQL Server 2008 Exam 432 Self Test
Appendix
Chapter 1: New Features in SQL Server 2008
Chapter 2: Installing SQL Server 2008
Chapter 3: Configuring SQL Server 2008
Chapter 4: Managing Security
Chapter 5: Managing Data Encryption
Chapter 6: Managing High Availability
Chapter 7: Maintaining Your Database
Chapter 8: ETL Techniques
Chapter 9: Managing Replication
Chapter 10: Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 11: SQL Server XML Support
Chapter 12: Service Broker
Chapter 13: Performance Tuning
Chapter 14: Implementing Objects
Nội dung
SQLServerXMLSupport•Chapter11 507 Now we will switch to showing basic examples of using the numeric and string functions. Figure 11.24 shows an example of the XPath number function. This function can be used to convert a nonnumeric value to a numeric value. The result of this example query would return the employee where the EmployeeID is a number that is equal to 680. </item> </product>' Createanewtable declare@XMLTabletable(pkINTIDENTITYPRIMARYKEY,colxmlXML) Insertdataintothenewtable INSERTINTO@XMLTable(colxml) VALUES(@xmlData) In Figure 11.22, you will use the XPath function, count, to count the number of item nodes in your XML document. Figure 11.22 XPath Expression Count Countthenumberofpeople SELECTcolxml.query( 'count(//item) ') FROM@XMLTable In Figure 11.23 you will use the XPath function, contains, to return the string that contains the word “BaseBall Bats.” Figure 11.23 XPath Expression Contains SELECT* FROM@XMLTable WHERE colxml.exist('/product/item/name[contains(.,"BaseBallBats")]')=1 508 Chapter11•SQLServerXMLSupport Figure 11.24 XPath Expression Numeric /Employee[number(@EmployeeID)=680] Figure 11.25 shows an example of the XPath string function. This function can be used to convert a non-string value to a string value. The result of this example query would return the employee where the EmployeeID contains a string value that is equal to 680. These are just a few examples of all the XPath expressions that can be used. You can refer to Table 11.10 Expression Types for XPath to find more. /Employee[string(@EmployeeID)="680"] Figure 11.25 XPath Expression String SQLServerXMLSupport•Chapter11 509 Summary of Exam Objectives This chapter examined XML, XQuery, XPath, HTTP endpoints, and Web Services. You learned how to use XQuery to retrieve and modify data within an XML data type. HTTP endpoints provide ways to allow developers to expose their code and access it using their SOAP client. You learned how to create an HTTP endpoint with SQL Server 2008 as well as how to secure it. Lastly, we reviewed Web Services and how developers use Web Services to present data to their clients. Web Services uses XML as its base language so that all programming languages, whether written in C++, VB.net, or C#, can communicate with it. Exam Objectives Fast Track Working with XML Data The first index on the XML type column must be the primary ˛ XML index. An XML index cannot be created on an XML type column in a view, ˛ table value variable with XML type columns, or XML type. The stored representation of XML data type instances cannot exceed 2 ˛ gigabytes (GB) in size. HTTP Endpoints Expose stored procedures and functions within a SQL Server 2008 ˛ database. Support two protocols, HTTP and TCP. ˛ Support payloads, ˛ SOAP,TSQL,SERVICE_BROKER, and DATABASE_ MIRRORING. Use ˛ CREATE ENDPOINT to create an endpoint. Not supported in SQL Server 2008 Express Edition. ˛ 510 Chapter11•SQLServerXMLSupport Web Services Web Services use XML as a base language and can be written in programming ˛ languages such as; C++, VB.NET, or C#. Web Services can be accessed by web platform elements such as SOAP, ˛ UDDI, and WSDI. Web Services enable programs written in different languages to ˛ communicate. XQuery Explained XQuery is a language used to query XML documents. ˛ XQuery uses four methods for querying: query( ), value( ), exist( ), and ˛ nodes( ). XQuery is case sensitive. ˛ XQuery provides extensions for modifying XML, modify( ). ˛ Three DML statements are used in conjunction with modify( ), INSERT, ˛ DELETE, and REPLACE VALUE OF. XPath XPath is a query language used to identify a set of nodes in an XML ˛ document. XPath computes strings, numbers, or boolean values. ˛ The four categories of XPath operators are Boolean, Relational, Equity, ˛ and Arithmetic. SQLServerXMLSupport•Chapter11 511 Exam Objectives Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can the clustered primary key of a table be changed if an XML index already exists on a table? A: No, all XML indexes must be dropped before a clustered primary key on a table can be modified. Q: Are SQL Server HTTP endpoints supported in all SQL Server 2008 versions? A: No, HTTP endpoints are not supported in the SQL Server 2008 Express edition. Q: Can a stored procedure be exposed for endpoint mapping? A: Yes, database objects such as stored procedures and user-defined functions can be exposed for endpoint mapping. Q: Is the XQuery language case sensitive? A: Yes, it is important to remember that XQuery statements are case sensitive when building queries. Q: Which methods are available for querying XML data with XQuery? A: The query(), value( ), exist( ), and nodes( ) methods are available when using XQuery. Q: What language is used to select a set of nodes from an XML document? A: The Xpath language is used to select a set of nodes from an XML document. . a table can be modified. Q: Are SQL Server HTTP endpoints supported in all SQL Server 2008 versions? A: No, HTTP endpoints are not supported in the SQL Server 2008 Express edition. Q: Can a. string value. The result of this example query would return the employee where the EmployeeID contains a string value that is equal to 680. These are just a few examples of all the XPath expressions. payloads, ˛ SOAP,TSQL,SERVICE_BROKER, and DATABASE_ MIRRORING. Use ˛ CREATE ENDPOINT to create an endpoint. Not supported in SQL Server 2008 Express Edition. ˛ 510 Chapter11• SQL Server XMLSupport Web