762 REFERENCES Huff, Darrell, and Geis, Irving (illustrator). 1993 (reissue). How to Lie with Statistics . New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-31072-8. Melzak, Z. A. 1983. Bypasses: A Simple Approach to Complexity . New York: Wiley InterScience. ISBN 0-471-86854-X. Mrdalj, Stevan; Vujovic, Branislav; and Jovanovic, Vladan. 1996. “SQL Matrix Processing.” Database Programming and Design (August). Random Numbers Bays, Carter, and Sharp, W. E. 1992. “Improved Random Numbers for Your Personal Computer or Workstation.” Geobyte 7(2):25. Carta, David G. 1990. “Two Fast Implementations of the ‘Minimal Stan- dard’ Random Number Generator.” Communications of the ACM 33(1):87. Chambers, W. G., and Dai, Z. D. 1991. “Simple but Effective Modifica- tion to a Multiplicative Congruential Random-number Generator.” IEEE Proceedings: Computers and Digital Technology 138(3):121. Chassing, P. 1989. “An Optimal Random Number Generator Zp.” Statis- tics and Probability Letters 7(4):307. Elkins, T. A. 1989. “A Highly Random-number Generator.” Computer Language 6(12):59. Hulquist, Paul F. 1991. “A Good Random Number Generator for Micro- computers.” Simulation 57(4):258. Kao, Chiang. 1989. “A Random Number Generator for Microcomput- ers.” OR: The Journal of the Operational Research Society 40(7):687. Knuth, Donald. 1981. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Semi- numeral Algorithms . (2 nd ed.) Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, p. 29. ———. 1998. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Sorting and Searching . (2 nd ed.) Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Professional. Komo, John J. 1991. “Decimal Pseudo-random Number Generator.” Simulation 57(4):228. Lancaster, Don. 1977. CMOS Cookbook . LOC: Sams Publishers, p. 318. Leva, Joseph L. 1992a. “Algorithm 712: A Normal Random Number Generator.” ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 18(4):454. ———. 1992b. “A Fast Normal Random Number Generator.” ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 18(4):449. Missing Values 763 Macomber, James H., and White, Charles S. 1990. “An N- Dimensional Uniform Random Number Generator Suitible for IBM- Compatible Microcomputers.” Interfaces 20(3):49. Maier, W. L. 1991. “A Fast Pseudo Random Number Generator.” Dr. Dobb’s Journal 17(5):152. Marsaglia, G., Narasimhan, B., and Zaman, A. 1990. “A Random Num- ber Generator for PCs.” Computer Physics Communications 60:345-349. Marsaglia, G., and Zaman, A. 1990. “Toward a Univesal Random Num- ber Generator.” Statistics and Probability Letters 8:35-39. Morton, Mike. 1985. “A Digital Dissolve for Bit-Mapped Graphics Screens.” Dr. Dobb’s Journal #48. Park, S. K. and K. W. Miller. 1988. “Random Number Generators: Good Ones are Hard to Find.” CACM 31(10):1201. Press, William H. et al. 1989. Numerical Recipes in Pascal: the Art of Scien- tific Computing . (Revised edition.) Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 233. ISBN 0-52138766-3. 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Honeyman. 1980. “Functional Dependencies and the Universal Instance Property in the Relational Model of Database Systems.” Doctoral Disser- tation, Princeton University. 764 REFERENCES Lien. 1979. “Multivalued Dependencies with Null Values in Relational Databases.” VLDB V , Rio De Janeiro. ACM/IEEE. Lipski. 1981a. “On Semantic Issues Connected with Incomplete Infor- mation.” ACM TODS . pp. 262-296. ———. 1981b. “On Databases with Incomplete Information,” Journal Of the ACM 28(1):41-47. McGoveran, David. 1993. “Nothing from Nothing Part I (or, What’s Logic Got to Do With It?).” Database Programming and Design 6(12):32. A four part series on missing values which argues against the SQL style NULL in favor of indicators. ———. 1994a. “Nothing from Nothing Part II: Classical Logic: Nothing Compares 2 U.” Database Programming and Design 7(1):54. ———. 1994b. “Nothing from Nothing Part III: Can’t Lose What You Never Had. 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Regular Expression Pocket Reference . Cam- bridge, MA: O’Reilly Introductory SQL Books 765 Forta, Ben. 2001. Sams Teach Yourself Regular Expressions In 10 Minutes . Indianapolis, IN: Sams. Good, Nathan A. 2005. Regular Expression Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach . Berkeley, CA: Apress. Watt, Andrew. 2005. Beginning Regular Expressions (Programmer to Pro- grammer) . Indianapolis, IN: Wrox. Graph Theory Cormen, Thomas H., Leiserson, Charles E., and Rivest, Ronald L. 1990. Introduction to Algorithms . McGraw-Hill Companies. ISBN 0-262-03141-8 . Even, Shimon. 1979. Graph Algorithms . Rockville, Maryland: Computer Science Press. ISBN 0-914894-21-8. Fulkerson, D. R. (ed.). 1975. Studies in Graph Theory, vol. I . American Mathematical Association. ISBN 0-88358-111-3. ———. 1975. Studies in Graph Theory, vol. II. American Mathematical Association. ISBN 0-88358-112-3. Harary, Frank. 1972. Graph Theory . Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0- 201-02787-9. McHugh, James A. 1990. 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Lorie, Raymond and Daudenarde, Jean-Jacques. 1991. SQL and Its Appli- cations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-837956-4. Lusardi, Frank. 1988. The Database Expert’s Guide to SQL. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-039002-9. Pascal, Fabian. 1989. SQL and Relational Basics. Redwood City, CA: M&T Books. ISBN 1-55851-063-X. (Out of print.) ———. 1993. Understanding Relational Databases. John Wiley. ISBN 0- 471-58538-6. Shasha, Dennis E., and Bonnet, P. 2002. Database Tuning. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-753-6. Stonebraker, Michael. 1988. Readings in Database Systems. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 0-934613-65-6. Trimble, J. Harvey Jr., and Chappell, David. 1989. A Visual Introduction to SQL. John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-61684-2. van der Lans, Rick F. 1989. The SQL Standard: A Complete Guide Reference. Hertfordshire, UK: Prentice-Hall International. ISBN 0-13-840059-8. Wellesley Software Group. 1991. Learning SQL. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-528704-9. Wellesley Software Group. 1992. Learning Advanced SQL. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-528712-X. Optimizing Queries Gulutzan, Peter, and Pelzer, Trudy. 1994. Optimizing SQL: Embedded SQL In C. R&D Technical Books. ISBN 0-13-100215-5. Shasha, Dennis E. 1992. Database Tuning: A Principled Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-205246-6. Temporal Data and the Year 2000 Problem ANSI X3; 30-1985 (R-1991). “Representation for Calendar Date and Ordinal Date for Information Interchange.” ANSI X3; 51-1994. “Information Systems—Representations of Universal Time, Local Time Differentials, and United States Time Zone References for Information Interchange.” Temporal Data and the Year 2000 Problem 767 Arnold, Dr. Robert S. 1995a. “Millennium Now: Solutions for Century Data Change Impact.” Application Development Trends (January). ———. 1995b. “Resolving Year 2000 Problems in Legacy Software.” Presentation at Software Quality Week, San Francisco, CA. Associated Press. 1995. “Troubled Time.” May 25. Celko, Joe. 1981. “Father Time Software Secrets Allows Updating of Dates.” Information Systems News (February). Cini, Al. 1995. “System Bug of the Apocalypse.” Internetwork (January). Cohn, Michael B., “No Need to Fear the Year 2000,” Computerworld, vol. 28, n. 47, 21 Nov 1994, p. 35. Fine, Doug. 1995. “Companies Brace for Millennium.”Infoworld (April 10). Furman, Jeff Marotta, Albert, and Candiotti, Cliff. 1995. “Party When It’s 1999.”Software Magazine (April). Hayes, Brian. 1995. “Waiting for 01-01-00.” American Scientist 83 (Janu- ary-February). Hitchens, Randall L. 1991. “Viewpoint.” Computerworld (January 28). ISO-8601. 1988. “Data Elements and Interchange Formats—Informa- tion Interchange—Representation of Dates and Times.” Murray, Jerome T., and Murray, Marilyn J. 1984. Computers in Crisis. Princeton, NJ: Petrocelli Books. ISBN 0-89433-223-6. A solution, with code, for the Year 2000 problem. Ross, Noah. 1995. “The End of the Century Is Nearer Than You Think.” Application Development Trends (April). Rubin, Dr. Howard, and Woodward, Jim. “Millenium: A Billion Dollar Software Crisis.” videotape by The Computer Channel, Inc. Sullivan, R. Lee. 1995. “Ghosts in the Machines.” Forbes (June 19). Tantzen, Robert G. 1980. “Algorithm 199: Conversion between Calen- dar Date and Julian Day Number.” Collected Algorithms from the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery). Xenakis; John. 1995. “The Millenium Bug: The Fine de Siécl Computer Virus.” CFO Magazine (July). Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1985. The Seven Day Circle. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-02-934680-0. A history of the week in different calendar systems. 768 REFERENCES SQL Programming Techniques Celko, Joe. 1992. “Implementing T-Joins in SQL Queries.” DBMS Maga- zine (March). ———. 1993. “Views: More than Meets the Eye.”Database Programming and Design (September). Letter citing Nelson Mattos, from an ANSI X3H2 paper. ———, and Date, C. J. 1993. “Access Path: Lauds and Lectures, Kudos and Critiques.”Database Programming and Design (September). Letter to the editor. Classics Bernstein, P. A. 1976. “Synthesizing Third Normal Form Relations from Functional Dependencies.” ACM Transactions on Database Systems 1(4):277-98. Codd, E. F. 1970. “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks.”Communications of the ACM 13(6):377-387. Association for Com- puting Machinery. Comer, D. 1978. “The Difficulty of Optimum Index Selection.” ACM Transactions on Database Systems 3(4):440-445. Damerau, F. J. 1964. “A Technique for Computer Detection of Correc- tion of Spelling Errors.” Communications of the ACM 7(3). Date, C. J. 1992. “According to Date: Shedding Some Light.” Database Programming and Design (February):15-17. Goodman, Nathan. 1990. “VIEW Update Is Practical.” InfoDB 5(2). Information Systems Week (ISW). 1987. “Code Overload Plagues NYC Welfare System.” Information Systems Week (December). Limeback, Rudy. Undated publication. “SQL Workshop Challenge.” Explain (18). Lorie, Raymond A., and Daudenarde, Jean-Jacques. 1991. SQL and its Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Martinis, Miljenko. 1992. “Letters column.” DBMS Magazine (May). Melton, Jim, and Simon, Alan R. 1993. Understanding the New SQL: Com- plete Guide. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-245-3. Murchison, Rory. Undated publication. “SQL Workshop Chal- lenge.”Explain (16). Updatable Views 769 Paitetsky-Shapiro, G. 1983. “The Optimal Selection of Secondary Indexes in NP-Complete.” SIGMOD Record 13(2):72-75. Palmer, Roger. 1994. The Bar Code Book. Helmer’s Publishing. ISBN 0- 911261-09-5. Philips, Lawrence. 1990. “Hanging on the Metaphone (A Phonetic Text- Retrieval Algorithm Better than Soundex).” Computer Language 7(12):38. Rozenshtein, D., Abramovich, Anatoly, and Birger, Eugene. 1993. “Loop-Free SQL Solutions for Finding Continuous Regions.” SQL Forum 2(6). Smithwick, Terry. 1991. Pascal version of Lawrence Philips’ 1990 “Hang- ing on the Metaphone (A Phonetic Text-Retrieval Algorithm Better than Soundex).” Computer Language 7(12):38. SQL Forum. 1993, 1994. See articles by Anatoly Abramovich Yelena Alexandrova, and Eugene Birger (July/August 1993, March/April 1994). Stevens, S. S. 1957. “On the Psychophysical Law,” Psychological Review 64:153-181. Tillquist, John, and Kuo, Feng-Yang. 1989. “An Approach to the Recur- sive Retrieval Problem in the Relational Database.” Communications of the ACM 32(2):239. van der Lans, Rick. 1990/1991. “SQL Portability.” The Relational Journal 2(6). Verhoeff, J. 1969. “Error Detecting Decimal Codes.” Mathematical Centre Tract #29, The Mathematical Centre (Amsterdam). Vicik, Rick. 1993. “Advanced Transact SQL.”SQL (July/August). Forum Wankowski, Jim. Undated publication. “SQL Workshop Solu- tions.”Explain (17). Yozallinas, J. R. 1981. “Letters column.” Tech Specialist (May). Updatable Views Codd, E. F. “RV-6 VIEW Updating.” The Relational Model for Database Management, Version 2. ISBN 0-201-14192-2. Date, C. J. 1986. “Updating VIEWs.” Relational Database: Selected Writ- ings. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-14196-5. 770 REFERENCES ———. and Darwen, Hugh. 1991. “Role of Functional Dependencies in Query Decomposition.”Relational Database Writings—1989-1991. Read- ing, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-54303-6. Goodman, Nathan. 1990. “VIEW Update Is Practical.” INFODB 5(2). Umeshar, Dayal, and Bernstein, P. A. 1982. “On the Correct Translation of Update Operations on Relational VIEWs.” ACM Transactions on Data- base Systems 7(3). Theory, Normalization, and Advanced Database Topics Bernstein, P. A. 1976. “Synthesizing Third Normal Form Relations from Functional Dependencies.” ACM Transactions on Database Systems 1(4):277-298. Codd; E. F. 1990. The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. Date, C. J. 1986. Relational Database Selected Writings. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-14196-5. ———. 1990. Relational Database Writings—1985-1989. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-50881-8. ———. 1992. Relational Database Writings—1989-1991. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-54303-6. ———. 1995. Relational Database Writings—1991-1994. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-82459-0. Dutka, Alan, and Hanson, Howard. 1989. Fundamentals of Data Normal- ization. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-06645-9. Fagin, Ron. 1979. “Normal Forms and Relational Database Operators.” Proceedings ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. The definitive paper on the five normal forms. Fleming, Candace C., and von Halle, Barbara. 1989. Handbook for Rela- tional Database Design. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201- 11434-8. Kent, William. 1983. “A Simple Guide to Five Normal Forms in Rela- tional Database Theory.” Communications of the ACM 26(2). Maier, David. 1983. The Theory of Relational Databases. Redwood City, CA: Computer Science Press. ISBN 0-914894-42-0. Standards and Related Groups 771 Teorey, Toby J. 1994. Database Modeling and Design. 2 nd ed. San Fran- cisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-294-1. Books on SQL-92 and SQL-99 Cannan, Stephen, and Otten, Gerard. 1992. SQL: The Standard Hand- book. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-707664-8. Date, C. J., and Darwen, Hugh. 1993. A Guide to the SQL Standard. LOC: Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-55822-X. Gruber, Martin. 1990. Understanding SQL. Alameda, CA: Sybex. ISBN 0- 89588-644-8. Gruber, Martin. 1994. SQL Instant Reference. Alameda, CA: Sybex. ISBN 0-7821-1148-3. Gulutzan, Peter, and Pelzer, Trudy. 1999. SQL-99 Complete, Really. CMP Books. ISBN 0-87930568-1. Melton, Jim, and Simon, Alan. 1993. Understanding the New SQL: A Com- plete Guide. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 155860-245-3. Standards and Related Groups For ANSI and ISO standards: American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York, NY 10018 Phone: (212) 354-3300 Director of Publications American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 (212) 642-4900 Copies of the SQL-92 document and other ANSI documents can be purchased from: Global Engineering Documents Inc 2805 McGaw Avenue Irvine, CA 92714 Phone: (800) 854-7179 . Press. ISBN 0-0 2-9 3468 0-0 . A history of the week in different calendar systems. 768 REFERENCES SQL Programming Techniques Celko, Joe. 1992. “Implementing T-Joins in SQL Queries.” DBMS Maga- zine. Database Systems . 6 th ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-1 9 1-8 245 8-2 . ———. 2003. An Introduction to Database Systems . 8 th ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-3 2 1-1 978 4-4 . MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-2 0 1-7 916 9-2 . Lorie, Raymond and Daudenarde, Jean-Jacques. 1991. SQL and Its Appli- cations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-1 3-8 3795 6-4 . Lusardi, Frank.