BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1460 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan 1460 SUBJECT INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1460], (34) Lines: 5227 to 5381 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1460], (34) finite plane wall with periodic surface temperature, 241–242 infinitely long semi-infinite hollow cylinder with periodic surface temperature, 242–243 semi-infinite solid with periodic ambient temperature, 240–241 semi-infinite solid with periodic surface heat flux, 240 semi-infinite solid with periodic surface temperature, 239–240 Personal digital assistants (PDAs), 950 Phase-change heat transfer, 2, 11 Phase-change materials (PCM), 377 Phase-change phenomena: electronic equipment, 1006–1016 heat pipes and vapor chambers, 1006–1008 immersion cooling, 1008–1016 Phonon heat capacity, 1323–1326 Phonons, 120–121, 1311, 1321–1322, 1334–1336 Photons, 1322 Photothermal techniques, 1339 PHPs, see Pulsating heat pipes Physical constants (for fluids), 52–54 Physical property type of correlation of Stephan and Abdelsalam, 655 PID control, see Proportional—integral— derivative control Pierre’s smooth tube friction factor, 767 Pin arrays, 431 Pin fins, 846, 849, 854 Pin fin heat sinks, 498–500, 513 Pipes: heat, see Heat pipes longitudinal finned double-pipe heat exchangers, see Longitudinal finned double-pipe heat exchangers Pipe flow, 31–33 Pipe fouling resistance, 862 p terms, 31 Plain double-pipe exchangers, 857–858 Plain fins, 846, 849, 851 Planar freezing, 247 Planck function, 581 Planck’s constant, 575 Plane surface, 643 Plane wall(s): composite, 183–184 with constant temperature, 1141–1142 finite, with periodic surface temperature, 241–242 steady one-dimensional conduction in, 178, 180, 183–184, 189–190, 194–201 location-dependent energy generation, 198–199 location-dependent thermal conductiv- ity, 194–195 temperature-dependent energy generation, 200 temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, 196–197 Plastic contact geometric parameters, 345 Plastic contact model, 342–347 Plastic deformation, 346–347 Plastic shear, 1247 Plate and frame heat exchangers, 878–886 advantages/disadvantages of, 880 condensation in, 780–783 exploded view of, 879 heat transfer and pressure loss, 884–886 physical data, 882–884 Plate fin heat exchangers, 843, 845, 878, 880 entrance and exit loss coefficients for flow through, 855 surface geometry of, 849 Plate fin heat sinks, 497–498 Plate fin surfaces, 846 Plate heat exchangers: condensation in, 780–783 inclination and heat transfer performance, 782–783 inclination and pressure drop, 783 steam condensation heat transfer, 780–782 Plate stack, 511 Plate through holes, 987 Platinum, 128 Plesset—Zwick bubble growth model, 647–648, 650, 651 Plug flow, 665, 666, 737 Plumes, 548–551 P − N tu,c analysis method, 817–819, 822 Point contact model, 319–322 Pointwise computer programs, 772–774 Poiseuill flow, see Hagen—Poiseuille flow Pole placement, 1288–1290 Polycarbonate, 373–374 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1461 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan SUBJECT INDEX 1461 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1461], (35) Lines: 5381 to 5455 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page * PgEnds: PageBreak [1461], (35) Polycrystalline, 1312 Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) thermoplas- tic prepregs, 1278, 1281–1282 Polygons, isoflux regular, 287–288 Polymers, 120 Polymer crystallization, 1271–1273 Polymer healing, see Healing Polymer-matrix composite materials, 1259– 1283 thermoplastic-matrix composites, 1269– 1283 thermosetting-matrix composites, 1259– 1269 Polymer thermal degradation, 1271, 1280– 1281 P-1 approximation (thermal radiation), 625–626 Pool boiling, 636, 639 departure from nucleate pool boiling, 658–660 film boiling, 660–662 heat transfer, 651–662 nucleate boiling heat transfer mechanisms, 652–653 nucleate pool boiling correlations, 653– 657 transition boiling, 662 Pores, 1145 Porosity, 1132 Porous flow passages, 889–890 Porous media, 1131–1176 basic principles, 1132–1140 conduction, 1140–1141 energy conservation, 1138–1140 flow models, 1135–1138 mass conservation, 1133–1135 external natural convection, 1147–1156 concentrated heat sources, 1154–1156 horizontal walls, 1153–1154 sphere and horizontal cylinder, 1154 vertical walls, 1147–1153 forced convection, 1141–1147 channels filled with porous media, 1144–1145 compact heat exchangers as porous media, 1145–1147 concentrated heat sources, 1143 plane wall with constant temperature, 1141–1142 sphere and cylinder, 1142–1143 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1462 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan 1462 SUBJECT INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1462], (36) Lines: 5455 to 5635 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1462], (36) Porous media (continued) internal natural convection, 1156–1170 cylindrical and spherical enclosures, 1162–1164 enclosures heated from below, 1164– 1169 enclosures heated from the side, 1156–1162 penetrative convection, 1169–1170 nomenclature for, 1173–1176 properties of common, 1133 subfields of, 1171–1173 Porous-medium Prandtl number, 1166 Post-dryout heat transfer, 689–699 heat transfer mechanisms, 693–694 inverted annular flow heat transfer, 694–695 mist flow heat transfer, 695–699 thermal nonequilibrium, 690–693 Potassium, 128 Prandtl number effect, 459–460 Prandtl number (Pr), 8, 44 graphs of, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159 heat transfer affected by, 998 porous-medium, 1166 turbulent, 480–481 Precipitation fouling, 893 Precision error, 919–920 Preforms, 1261 Preimpregnated reinforcements (prepregs), 1261, 1269, 1278 Prepregging, 1269 Pressure, 112 critical, 48, 52–54 in fully developed flow region, 400– 401 and solids, 122 Pressure correlations, 655–656 Pressure drop, 429 in compact heat exchangers, 856–857 in continuous phase in vertical column, 1377 in fully developed flow region, 401–404 heat pipe, 1196–1197, 1199–1201 heat pipe diagram of, 1196 and inclination, 783 in internal forced convection, 415 laminar flow, 401–404 and laminar flow, 396–404 microfin tube, 766–767 smooth tube condensation, 761–762 Pressure field in the consolidation region, 1274–1276 Pressure loss: heat exchanger analysis methods, 821 heat exchangers regenerators, 893 shell-and-tube, 836–842 longitudinal finned double-pipe heat exchangers in pipes and annuli, 864–865 plate and frame heat exchangers, 884–886 regenerators, 893 shell-and-tube heat exchangers, 836–842 Pressure loss correlations, 875–876 Pressure prime, 1223 Printed circuit boards (PCBs): convective phenomena in packaging in forced convection, 992–995 in natural convection, 988–991 heat flow in, 983, 986–988 anisotropic conductivity, 983, 986–987 effect of trace layers, 988 thermal vias, 987–988 Propagation speed, 120 Propane, 63–64 Property formulation, 46 Proportional—integral—derivative (PID) control, 1286–1287 Propylene (propene, R-1270), 86 Propyne (methyl acetylene), 87 Proto-slug flow, 745 Pseudo-slug flow, 745 PTS (parabolic two-step) model, 1346 Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), 1220–1221 Pultrusion, 1259, 1260 Pulverized coal dispersions, 620–621 Pump-probe, 1344 Pure fluids, 49–51 Pure radiation cooling, 230–231 Purity of samples, 122 PVC, 373–374 Pyrometers, 914, 943 Quantum size effect, 965 Quartz, 1329, 1330 Quasi-momentum, conservation of, 1329 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1463 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan SUBJECT INDEX 1463 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1463], (37) Lines: 5635 to 5788 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page * PgEnds: PageBreak [1463], (37) Quasi-steady period (chip package temporal behavior), 981, 985 R-11 (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11), 91 R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12), 94–95 R-13 (chlorotrifluoromethane, CFC-13), 97–98 R-14 (tetrafluoromethane, FC-14), 99 R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, HCFC-22), 103 R-23 (trifluoromethane, HCFC-23), 104–105 R-32 (difluoromethane, HFC-32), 108 R-41 (fluoromethane, HFC-41), 109 R-113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113), 91–92 R-114 (1,2,dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetra- fluoroethane, CFC-114), 92–93 R-115 (chloropentafluoroethane, CFC-115), 93 R-116 (hexafluoroethane, FC-116), 94 R-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, HCFC-123), 95–96 R-124 (1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, HCFC-124), 96 R-125 (pentafluoroethane, HFC-125), 97 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC- 134a), 98–99 R-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC- 141b), 100 R-142b (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC- 142b), 100–101 R-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, HFC-143a), 101–102 R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, HFC-152a), 102 R-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea), 103–104 R-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, HFC-236ea), 105 R-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, HFC-236fa), 106 R-245ca (1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, HFC-245ca), 106–107 R-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, HFC-245fa), 107–108 Radial convecting fins, 206–209 Radial flow imbalance, 774–775 Radial heat flow method, 122 Radiating fins, 211–212 Radiation cooling: in electronic equipment, 961–962 transient conduction, 230–231 Radiation heat transfer, 694. See also Thermal radiation Radiation resistance/conductance, 347–349 Radiation shields, 612–613 Radiative—convective cooling of solids with uniform energy generation, 201 Radiative exchange: within participating media, 621–629 diffusion approximation, 623, 624 discrete ordinate method, 627 mean beam length method, 623, 624 Monte Carlo or statistical methods, 627 P-1 approximation, 625–626 weighted sum of gray gases, 627–628 zonal method, 627 between surfaces, 598–615 black surfaces, 609–610 diffuse gray surfaces, 610–612 diffuse nongray surfaces, 614–615 radiation shields, 612–613 view factors, 600–609 Radiative heat flux, 581–582 Radiative heat transfer, see Thermal radiation Radiative intensity, 581 Radiative properties: of participating media, 615–621 molecular gases, 615–619 particle clouds, 619–621 of solids and liquids, 582–598 metals, 586–589 nonconductors, 589–593 semitransparent sheets, 596 surface conditions’ effects on, 593–595 Radiative resistance, 326–327, 612 Radiative transfer equation (RTE), 621–622 Radiators, 844 Rake face, 1248 Random distribution, 921 Random error, 919 Rankine scale, 917 Rate equation, heat exchange, 799 Rayleigh bubble growth equation, 647 Rayleigh number (Ra), 8, 415–416 low vs. high, 1154–1156 porous materials external natural convection, 1150, 1155 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1464 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan 1464 SUBJECT INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1464], (38) Lines: 5788 to 5960 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1464], (38) Rayleigh number (continued) internal natural convection, 1156, 1160–1162, 1164, 1166, 1168, 1169 mixed convection, 1171–1172 penetrative convection, 1169–1170 RC318 (octafluorocyclobutane, FC-C318), 109–110 Readability, experimental methods for, 914, 917–918 Real area of contact, 266 Reciprocal lattice, 1314 Reciprocity rule, view factors, 607 Recirculation, 872 Rectangles, 309 Rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate system, 13, 14 Rectangular channels, 304–310 Rectangular enclosures, 551–554 Rectangular fins: longitudinal convecting, 202–205 optimal dimensions of convecting, 212, 213 radial convecting, 206–208 Rectangular heat sources, 308, 317–318 Rectangular offset strip plate fins, 1066 Rectangular passages, 856 Rectangular plates: single eccentric area on compound, 316–317 with specified boundary temperatures, 216–217 with two nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, 221, 222 Rectangular source area, 280–285 arbitrary singly connected area, 282–283 circular annular area, 283–284 doubly connected regular polygons, 284–285 isoflux rectangular area, 280 isoflux regular polygonal area, 281–282 isothermal rectangular area, 281 Rectangular sources, 308 Recuperators, 799 Reduced pressure correlations, 655–656 Reducing ratios, 117 Reflectance, 583 Reflectivity, 583 REFPROP program, 113 Refractive index, 575 Refrigerant—oil mixtures, 702–704 Regenerators, 799, 886–893 ε − N tu method, 891–892 heat capacity and related parameters, 886–891 heat exchangers, 886–893 ε − N tu method, 891–892 heat capacity and related parameters, 886–891 heat transfer and pressure loss, 893 heat transfer and pressure loss, 893 Reinforcement phase, 1259 Relative contact pressure, 345–346, 369 Relative roughness, 33 Reliability, 953 Representative elementary volume (REV), 1133 Residence times, 888 Residual, 930–931 Resin systems, 1263, 1264 Resistance: ball-bearing, 336 at bolted joints, 378 bond, 870, 878 boundary, 972–973 chip package, 962–964 cold-side convective layer, 802–804 cold-side fouling, 802, 803 conforming rough surface models, 340– 362 constriction, 271 contact, see Contact resistance convective layer, 802–804 elastogap resistance model, 324–326 electrical, 182 electronic equipment thermal, 956–962 of the exchanger material, 802 external, 963–964 film, 862, 876–877 flow, 11–12, 964 fouling, 802–803, 863–864, 877 gap, 338–339 high-fin exchangers, 876–878 hot-side convective layer, 802–804 hot-side fouling, 802, 803 interface—contact, 4–7 internal, 963 joint, 328, 329 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1465 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan SUBJECT INDEX 1465 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1465], (39) Lines: 5960 to 6127 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1465], (39) longitudinal finned double-pipe heat exchangers, 862–864 and overall heat transfer coefficient, 802–804 spreading, see Spreading resistance temperature detectors, 940–942 thermal, 182–183, 956–964, 1209–1211 Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), 940–942 Resistive, thermally, 289 Reststrahlen bands, 589–591 Retarders, 767 Revolution, body of, 470–471 REV (representative elementary volume), 1133 Rewetting, wick, 1213 Reynolds number (Re), 8, 10, 408, 416 bubble, 650–651 compact heat exchangers, 850 heat pipes, 1199–1200 heat transfer affected by, 998 high, 446–452 local pore, 1136 mist flow heat transfer, 695, 696 plate and frame heat exchangers, 884 porous materials, 1145 Rigidity, 330–331 Rms, see Root-mean-square roughness Rockwell macrohardness values, 343–344, 346 Rohsenow correlation of bubble agitation, 653–654 Rolling (process), 1275 deformation heating considerations for, 1255–1256 diagram of, 1255 Roman letter subscripts, 40–41 for condensation, 789 for conduction heat transfer, 257 for external flow forced convection, 521–522 for thermal radiation, 631 Roman letter symbols, 38–40 for boiling, 708–712 for condensation, 785–788 for conduction heat transfer, 255–256 for direct contact heat transfer, 1393–1394 for electronic equipment, 1018–1020 for enhancement techniques, 1101–1103 for experimental methods, 944–945 for external flow forced convection, 515–520 for forced convection (internal flows), 434–435 for heat exchangers, 896–901 for heat pipes, 1225–1226 for manufacturing and materials processing, 1297–1300 for microscale heat transfer, 1352–1354 for natural convection, 566–567 for porous media, 1173–1175 for thermal radiation, 629–630 for thermal spreading and contact resistances, 378–382 thermophysical properties, 141 Room (low)-temperature heat pipes, 1184 Root-mean-square (rms) roughness, 340–342 Rosseland mean absorption coefficient, 625 Rosson—Myers model, 754, 760 Rotary regenerators, 886, 888 Rotating surfaces, 1097 Rough flat plate, 510–511 Roughness: and duct flow, 422–423 relative, 33 surface, 376, 593–594 Roughness effect, surface, 481–482 Roughness Reynolds number, 481 Rough surfaces: enhancement techniques, 1032, 1050– 1059 boiling, 1055, 1057 condensing, 1057–1059 single-phase flow, 1050–1056 profiles of, 1052 Rouhani—Axelsson drift flux type of void fraction model, 682 Round free surface jet, 515 Round submerged jet(s), 513–514 Round tubes, 429, 430 RTDs, see Resistance temperature detectors RTE, see Radiative transfer equation Rule of mixtures, 1273 Sandwich arrangement, 843 Saturation line, 62–110 Sawtooth fin condensing tubes, 730–732 Scale analysis, 30 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1466 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan 1466 SUBJECT INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1466], (40) Lines: 6127 to 6298 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1466], (40) Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), 1340–1342 Scattering, electron, 1310–1311 Scattering coefficient, 620, 621 Scattering phase function, 621 SC lattice, see Simple cubic lattice Screen-covered groove wicks, 1186, 1187 SDS solutions, see Sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions Sealed container, heat pipe, 1182 Second law of thermodynamics, 35–37 Seebeck coefficient, 1350 Seebeck effect, 933–936, 1350 Self-tuning regulation, 1295–1296 Semiaxes of elliptical contact area, 319–322 Semiconductors, 948, 951, 1311 Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), 949 Semigray approximation method, 614 Semi-infinite flux tubes, 291–293, 313–314 Semi-infinite hollow cylinders, 242–243 Semi-infinite isotropic circular flux tubes, 298–302 Semi-infinite planes, 1243–1245 Semi-infinite solid model, 232–234 Semi-infinite solids: with moving point heat source, 1243 with periodic ambient temperature, 240–241 with periodic surface heat flux, 240 periodic surface temperature, 239–240 Semitransparent sheets, 596 Semivariance, 930 Sensible heat exchange, 1361–1363 Sensing devices, 914–916 Sensitivity, 914, 915 Separation plates, 843 Series arrangements, double-pipe exchanger, 865–868 Series composite plane walls, 183, 184 Series—parallel arrangements, double-pipe exchanger, 865–868 Series—parallel composite walls, 183, 184 Serrated-tip microfins, 1073 Shah correlation, 673–674, 679, 685, 760 Shape factor, 600 Shear-based correlations, 757–758 Shear-driven annular flow condensation: horizontal tubes affected by, 756–759 boundary layer correlation, 758–759 heat transfer, 756–759 shear-based correlations, 757–758 two-phase multiplier correlations, 756–757 Shear planes, 1248, 1249 Shear stress, 401 Shear zone, 1247–1248 Sheets, semitransparent, 596 Shells (in shell-and-tube heat exchangers): heat transfer data, 832–836 physical data, 825–828 pressure loss data, 838–842 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, 822–842 construction, 822–825 ε −N tu analysis method for, 811–814, 817 examples of, 823–824 fin examples for, 1060 heat transfer data, 829–836 shell side, 832–836 tube side, 829–832 physical data, 825–828 shell side, 825–828 tube side, 825 pressure loss data, 836–842 shell side, 838–842 tube side, 836–838 with the shell fluid mixed, 811–813 divided-flow, 814, 817 split-flow, 813–814 with the shell fluid unmixed, 811–812 φ − P analysis method for, 820, 821 Shell-side condensation, see X-shell condensers SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association), 949 Silicon, 128 spectral, normal reflectance of, 590, 591 thin-film thermal conductivity of, 965 Silicon bipolar chips, 949 Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors, 1347–1348 Silver, 129, 365, 369–371 Silver—Bell—Ghaly method, 701 Similarity solutions, external flow forced convection: for flat plate at uniform temperature, 456 for wedge, 456–459 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1467 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan SUBJECT INDEX 1467 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1467], (41) Lines: 6298 to 6465 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1467], (41) Similarity transformation technique for laminar boundary layer flow, 452– 455 Simple correlation equations, 301 Simple cubic (SC) lattice, 1313, 1314 Simultaneous convective—radiative cooling, 231 Single-bubble studies, 1367–1368 Single crystalline, 1312 Single eccentric area on compound rectangular plate, 316–317 Single horizontal finned tubes: film condensation on, 727–732 sawtooth fin condensing tubes, 730–732 trapezoidal fin tubes, 728–730 Single-input single-output (SISO) thermal systems, 1284–1288 Single-phase flow heat transfer: additives for liquids, 1092–1093 coiled tubes, 1088–1091 displaced enhancement devices, 1074– 1075 enhancement of, 1037–1040 extended surfaces, 1059–1067 rough surfaces, 1050–1056 swirl flow devices, 1075–1082 Single round free surface jets, 515 Single round submerged jets, 513–514 Single submerged slot jets, 514 Singly connected source areas, 282–283 Sintered metal wicks, 1185, 1186 SISO thermal systems, see Single-input single-output thermal systems SI System (of units), see Système International d’Unités Site density, 645–646 Sitharamayya and Raju correlation, 997 Size effect (term), 1310 Skin-friction, 397–399 Skin friction coefficient, 428 Slab wicks, 1186, 1187 Sliding mode control, 1293–1294 Slip regions, 353 Slip velocity, 1377 Slot jets, 514, 515 Slug calorimeters, 943 Slug flow, 663, 665, 666, 737 Small-scale integration (SSI) chips, 948, 949 Smith prediction, 1292–1293 Smith—Spalding integral method, 466–468 Smooth tubes, 735–763 compact heat exchangers, 845–846 condensation in, 735–763 condensation of zeotropes, 762–763 flow regimes in, 736–749 heat transfer in horizontal tubes, 749–761 inclined and vertical tubes, 763 oil’s effects, 762 pressure drop, 761–762 surfaces with flow normal to banks of, 845–846 Sodium, 129 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions, 1094–1096 Software implementation of SISO controllers, 1287–1288 SOI transistors, see Silicon-on-insulator transistors Solar absorptance, 597–598 Solar temperature, effective, 576 Solids: heat treatment of, 1245–1246 metals, 586–589 microscale heat transfer, 1312–1330 crystalline structure, 1312–1314 energy carriers, 1314 free electron gas, 1314–1317 heat capacity, 1322–1326 thermal conductivity, 1326–1330 vibrational modes of a crystal, 1317– 1322 properties of, 45–46 radiative—convective cooling of, 201 radiative properties of, 582–598 thermal spreading and contact resistances conforming rough, 266–267 conforming rough, single layer between, 268–269 nonconforming rough, 268 nonconforming smooth, 267–268 thermophysical properties of, 118–140 behavior of, 120–121 conservation of energy, 119–120 measuring, 122, 140 property values of, 121–139 table, 123–139 with uniform energy generation, 201 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1468 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan 1468 SUBJECT INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1468], (42) Lines: 6465 to 6629 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1468], (42) Solid angles, 577, 579–581 Solid cylinders: conduction heat transfer with, 217–220 radial and axial conduction in, 225, 227–229 steady one-dimensional conduction in location-dependent energy generation, 199 temperature-dependent energy generation, 199 surface convection, 217–220 Solid hemispheres, 219–221 Solidification, 1271 spray column applications, 1384–1387 thermoplastic-matrix composites processing, 1281–1283 Solid interfaces, 970–979 Solid model, semi-infinite, 232–234 Solid spheres, 193–194, 199 Soliman correlation, 761 Sonic limit, 1194, 1206–1208 Soot, 619–620 Souza correlation, 761 Souza—Pimenta correlation, 762 Specific heat: at constant pressures, 28 measurement of, 122, 140 temperature-dependent, 230 Specified interfaces, film condensation on, 725–727 Spectral: directional emittance, 585 hemispherical emittance, 584 Spectral absorptivity, 623 Spectral blackbody intensity, 581 Spectral emissive power, 575 Spectral emissivity, 623 Speed: of propagation, 120 of sound, 112, 113 Sphere(s): direct contact heat transfer inside, 1362– 1363 external convection to, 1361–1362 external natural convection, 543–545, 1154 flow over isothermal, 483 forced convection, 1142–1143 forced convection external flows from, 483 hollow, 181–182, 186–187, 192–193 horizontal, 543–545 laminar flow, 543–545 and layered substrate, 329–333 natural convection, 563–565 porous media, 1142–1143, 1154 solid, 193–194 steady one-dimensional conduction in, 181–182, 186–187, 192–194 Sphere—flat contact, 327–329 Spherical coordinate systems, 13, 15, 165, 166 Spherical enclosures, 1163–1164 Spherical freezing, 252–253 Spherical harmonics method, 625 Spined surfaces: convecting, 208–211 optimum dimensions, 212–215 Spiral fin tubes, 1062 Spiral microfin tubes, 1069 Split-flow shell-and-tube exchangers, 813– 814 Splitter plates, 843 Spray columns, 1373–1387 differential treatments, 1381–1384 global treatments, 1375–1381 melting and solidification applications, 1384–1387 Spreading—constriction parameter, 334 Spreading—constriction resistance model, 323–324 Spreading resistance, 4, 5. See also Thermal spreading and contact resistances for an abrupt change in cross sections, 312–313 contact conductance effects on, 284–285 correlation equations for, 301–302 definition of, 271 dimensionless, see Dimensionless spreading resistance and electronic equipment, 966–970 in electronic equipment, 966–970 in flux tubes, 291–293 in half-space, 291–293 in isotropic finite disks with conductance, 291–294 transient, 285–288 Spreading resistance parameter, 272 Squares, correlation coefficients for, 285 BOOKCOMP, Inc. — John Wiley & Sons / Page 1469 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan SUBJECT INDEX 1469 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [1469], (43) Lines: 6629 to 6780 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: T E X [1469], (43) Square area, 309 Square isothermal target surface, 515 Square plates, 225, 226 SRMs (standard reference materials), 122 SSI, see Small-scale integration chips S (staggered) arrangements, 846 Stack arrangement, 843 Stages (of column direct contact heat transfer), 1374–1375 Staggered plates, optimal channel sizes for, 431 Staggered (S) arrangements, 846 Staggered tubes, pressure loss correlations for, 875–876 Stagnation point, 442 Stagnation zone, 503 Stainless steel, 360 Standard acceleration of gravity, 36 Standard kinetic gas theory, 115–116 Standard Reference Data Program (NIST), 113 Standard reference materials (SRMs), 122 Standard reference quality sources, 45 Stanton number, 850, 855 Starner and McManus fin arrays, 1003–1004 State controllers by pole placement, 1288– 1289 State observers by pole placement, 1289– 1290 Statistical methods, 627 Steady one-dimensional conduction, 178, 180–201 composite hollow cylinder, 185–186 composite hollow sphere, 186–187 composite plane wall, 183–184 contact conductance, 187–188 critical thickness of insulation, 188 hollow cylinder, 180–181, 190–191 hollow sphere, 181–182, 192–193 location-dependent energy generation, 198–199 location-dependent thermal conductivity, 194–195 plane wall, 178, 180, 189–190 radiative—convective cooling of solids with uniform energy generation, 201 solid cylinder, 191–192 solid sphere, 193–194 temperature-dependent energy generation, 199–200 temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, 196–198 thermal resistance, 182–183 uniform internal energy generation effect, 188–194 Steady-state metal cutting temperature models, 1249–1250 Steady-state methods, 122 Steady-state period (chip package temporal behavior), 981, 985 Steam condensation heat transfer, 780–782 Stefan-Boltzmann constant (s), 12, 577 Stefan number (St), 33, 34, 244–249 Steiner—Taborek method, 675–678 Stephan and Abdelsalam correlation of physical property type, 655 SThm, see Scanning thermal microscopy Stirring devices, 1097 Straight fin tubes, 1062 Straight tubes (ST), 844 Stratified flow, 664–667 Stratified—wavy flow, 664, 665, 667, 684 Strength, mechanical, 979 Stress power, 119 Strip(s): on finite channel with cooling, 310– 311 on infinite flux channel, 312 offset, 487–490 Strip fins, 846, 849, 853, 1060 Strip heat source, 308 Structured packings, 1373 Structured roughness, 1050–1056 ST (straight tubes), 844 Subcooled boiling heat transfer, 686 Submerged condenser cooling systems, 1013, 1014 Submerged jet(s), 502–508 array of round, impinging on isothermal target surface, 514 array of slot, impinging on isothermal target surface, 515 single round, impinging on isothermal target surface, 513–514 single slot, impinging on isothermal target surface, 514 Subscripts: . 1171–1173 Porous-medium Prandtl number, 1166 Post-dryout heat transfer, 689–699 heat transfer mechanisms, 693–694 inverted annular flow heat transfer, 694–695 mist flow heat transfer, 695–699 thermal nonequilibrium,. 891–892 heat capacity and related parameters, 886–891 heat exchangers, 886–893 ε − N tu method, 891–892 heat capacity and related parameters, 886–891 heat transfer and pressure loss, 893 heat transfer. 416 bubble, 650–651 compact heat exchangers, 850 heat pipes, 1199–1200 heat transfer affected by, 998 high, 446–452 local pore, 1136 mist flow heat transfer, 695, 696 plate and frame heat exchangers, 884 porous