[...]... it possible to optimize planar and three-dimensional (3D) RF structures using direct driven electromagnetic simulation Although practical problem size is still limited, field- solver tools can now be more fully integrated into the 1 2 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation Table 1.1 A List of General Field- Solver Applications Solenoids, transformers, rotating machines Magnetic... wavelength and to some common terminology 2.2 FIELD- THEORY-BASED CAD A field- theory-based solution is an alternative to the previous distributed, circuittheory-based approach The field- solver takes a more microscopic view of any dis- 14 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation Figure 2.3 A typical MoM mesh for the distributed lowpass filter circuit The number of unknowns, N is 474... However, this particular scheme has not been 4 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation (a) Sonnet em Ver 8.0 (b) Ansoft HFSS Ver 8.5 Figure 1.1 Typical false color mappings: (a) conduction current magnitude using colors of the rainbow (ROYGBIV); and (b) E -field magnitude using a temperature mapping widely adopted Now that the field- solver codes are more mature, perhaps it... 64-bit hardware and software becomes available 7 8 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation References [1] Tufte, E R., Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press, 1990, p 92 [2] Li, K., et al., Simulation of EM Phenomena Using a Finite Difference-Time Domain Technique,” in NSF/IEEE Center for Computer Applications in Electromagnetics Education Software Book, Volume... air-filled coax (Ansoft HFSS Ver 5.6.) and adds nothing to the electromagnetic treatment of the problem The field- solver, by default, will ignore the interior of the coaxial outer conductor (and the interior of the center conductor) Figure 1.2(c) shows a smaller diameter Teflon- filled coax 6 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation that transitions to a larger diameter air-filled... of all the details and background material Unfortunately, xv xvi Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation this also limits the range of examples that I can present It would be nice to have some active circuit examples, some antenna examples, and maybe some EMC/ EMI-related projects But my fundamental approach to using these tools should be universal and easily applied to other... reflects Dan’s background and expertise as a microwave designer and reveals the primary target audience of this book, namely designers and practicing engineers However, the focus on practical design applica- xviii Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation tions will also be invaluable to students, researchers, and educators who use electromagnetic simulators mainly for demonstration,... of Software Vendors 453 Appendix C List of Internet Sites 457 About the Authors 459 Index 461 Preface This book is about modeling microwave circuits using commercial electromagnetic field- solvers But before we can model a circuit we have to understand how the tools work All the field- solvers we will discuss are based on well-established numerical methods for solving Maxwell’s equations We have tried... largely to do with schematic capture and layout Schematic capture replaced the netlist on the input side of the analysis, and 9 10 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation automatic or semiautomatic layout provided a quicker path to the finished circuit after analysis and optimization The greatest innovation in the 1990s was the emergence of CAD tools based on the direct solution... vector of unknown node voltages To find V, we invert the matrix Y and multiply by the known source currents: I = YV (2.2) 12 Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation w4, l4 w2, l2 Z0 w1, l1 w3, l3 Z0 w5, l5 Figure 2.2 Distributed lowpass filter modeled using transmission lines Step discontinuities are ignored © 2000 CRC Press [15] –1 V = Y I (2.3) The time needed to invert an . alt="" Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation For a complete listing of the Artech House Microwave Library, turn to the back of this book. Microwave Circuit Modeling Using. 461 xv Preface This book is about modeling microwave circuits using commercial electromagnetic field- solvers. But before we can model a circuit we have to understand how the tools work. All the field- solvers we. Unfortunately, xvi Microwave Circuit Modeling Using Electromagnetic Field Simulation this also limits the range of examples that I can present. It would be nice to have some active circuit examples,