Anh văn ths dược buổi 1

Anh văn sau đại học chuyên ngành Dược Đại học Y Dược TP HCM Buổi học 1 Đề bài mẫu + Đáp án UNIT 1 Exercise 1 page 2 1/T; 2/T; 3/T; 4/T; 5/T;6/F; 7/T; 8/F; 9/T; 10/T. Exercise 2 page 3 1. designed, research 2. health, trial 3. concerned, determine, drug 4. involves 5. disease, treat 6. develop 7. effective, risks 8. effectiveness, side 9. researchers, long term, tolerance 10. treatment, participants, randomization Exercise 3 page 4 1. designed, research 2. laboratory animals 3. involves, participants 4. receive, randomization 5. more, periods, safety and tolerance 6. randomization, bias Exercise 4 page 5 (suggested) 1. to look exactly like a real drug 2. called “the placebo effect” 3. a positive opinion of drugs/ are more likely/ people who have a negative opinion 4. to increase the dose and they develop / when they are deprived of the placebo Exercise 5 page 6 1. starch 2. compulsive 3. withdrawal symptoms 4. blamed 5. sugar 6. symptoms

‹ MIDTERM TEST (60 mỉnutes)

ve chosen on your answer Sheet (31 -4(0))

C or D for the answer you ha

» PART B Choose the word, phrase or sentence in parentheses that means the same as

the underlined word, phrase or sentence Then mark A, B, C or D for the answer you have

chosen on your answer sheet (41-45)

ã “ >

e °

PART C Choose the underlined word or phrase that ts incorrect Then mark A, B, C or ` *

* The end

ear the recording T WICE

notes below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer (1-10) logical condition, affecting a significant portion of the population

It is more common in Wonch,

both genetic and environmental factors -.

and choose the best answer for each question below Then

mark a cross

« You willh Listen and complete the

Migraine isa (I) neuro

_and is influenced by likely due to (2)

R Listen to a lecture about the muscular system answer sheet, (10 points) (11-20)

(X) over the letter of the answer you have chosen on your

11 Which muscle group Is particularly yulncrable to strains and often

tears during heavy exercise?

uadriceps muscles B Calf muscles C, Biceps muscles

on your answer Sheet (21-30) s that poison

bacteria also secrete molecule bacteria

D

Invadingí hannful

© | t Choose the word, phrase or sentence in parentheses that means the sane as the underlined ward, phrase

or sentence,

Then mark A, B, C or D for the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet (5 pts) (31-35)

+ 31 The upper seven pairs, known as true ribs, are connected to the sternum by flexible cartilage

F hoose the underlined word or phrase that is incorrect Then mark A, B, C or D for a “ the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet (5 pts) (36-40)

* 36 The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages act to protect the

tee (41-50)

+ Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, ©, oF D on your answer

sheet to indicate the correct

word or phrase that best fits each blank

Dysphagia is defined as difficulty in swallowing It may coexist with heartburn or vomiting

but should be Jistinguished from both globus sensation (in which anxious people feel a lump in the throat without

organic

i use) and (41.) (pain during swallowing, usually from gastro-oesophageal

reflux or

candidiasis) The condition can occur duc to problems in the oropharynx or oesophagus Oropharyngeal

disorders affect the initiation of swallowing at the pharynx and upper oesophageal sphincter

The patient has

difficulty (42.) swallowing and complains of choking, nasal regurgitation or tracheal aspiration

¢ 41 A dysphagia B odynophagia C adenodynia D dyspepsia

* 42 A initiati B initiate C initiated D to initiate

False or Not Given

+ Passage 1 Read the following article and identify whether cach statement is True,

(10 points) (51-60)

* 51 Synthetic biology iolos within molecular biology involves the design and construction of artificial biological

systems, often inspired by natural biological processes, for applications ranging from medicine to

environmental remediation

K a t oe B False C Not Given

assage 2 Read the following passage and choose th ¢ best answer to cach que ; i ints

* 61 When is perimenopause likely to start? Re CS Oe aaa

A Around 30s B Around 40s C Around 50s D, Around 60s

the following passage and complete the note below Write NO MORE

THAN THREE

| : Passage 3 Read

answer, (10 points)

from the passage for cach

WORDS from the passage for cach a

+ Complete the sentences below Choose NO wo

* Brittle bone disease, _ scientifically known as osteogenesis —_ imperfecta

(OD "m4 characterized by fragile bones and a propensity for fractures, making it the leading cause of (72.)

abnormalities affecting collagen production, the The fragility of bones in OF is attributed to collagen issues

(71.)

fractures The condition is primarily caused by genetic

Fractures may occur even with minimal trauma,

essential protein responsible for bone (73.)

rather than calcium levels, as observed on (74.)

making predictions challenging, particularly in very young children

« SECTION 5 TRANSLATION (20 points): Translate the following two passages into Vietnamese on your

"+ L Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence

“+ [ Clinical trials, also known as clinical studies, test potential treatments in human volunteers

“+ 2 Atreatment could be a drug, medical device, or biologic, such as a

product, or gene therapy

° A medicine B vaccine C trial D prescription

¢ 3 Potential treatments studied in laboratory animals first to determine toxicity

* 4, Treatments having acceptable safety profiles promise are moved into clinical

blood

trials

* 5 Although "new" may imply "better," it

medical treatment offers benefit

C butshows D which show not known whether the potential

an integral part of new product discovery and

* 6 Clinical trials

_ development

* 7 Every clinical trial is carefully designed research questions

` A answering B answers C to answer D and answer

* 8 Products are tested to see they compare to standard treatments or to

no treatment,

* 9 A protocol maps out study procedures, _ will be done, by whom, and

D includes

further safety data and evidence of the drug’s

B when C since D during

in Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials

Ệ + | `« peie ss eatments that trial participants receive ithe; s42 \N 2 441, i decided by

“ “ae p iP Oe + _=

eee A which B that

* 19 A double-blinded trial] means

participants nor the research

team knows who receives the drug,

— available only at the en

* 20 The keys for treatme

_*®H, Choose the bolded word or phrase that is incorrect

* 1 Clinical trials, also known as clinical studies, test potential treatments

in human volunteers to sec whether they should approve

for wider use in the general popu lation

a vaccine, blood product, or gene therapy

° 3 Potential treatments must be studied in laboratory animals first to

determine toxicity before they could be tried on people

s4, Treatments having acceptable

safety profiles and Show the most

*5 A trial plan Called a protocol ma S Out what st

6 Phase 1 trials, primarily concerned with safety, try to determine dosing,

| Eecuneting bow : drug metabolized ized and excreted, and identifying acute side

‘effets 2 hae

“+ Giai doan 1 của thử nghiệm, chủ yếu tập trung vào an toàn, có găng xác định

'liều lượng, ghỉ nhận cách thuốc được chuyên hóa và bài tiết, và xác định các tác

dung phu cap tinh

» 7 Phase 2 trials include more participants (usually 100-300) who has the

disease or condition that the product potentially could treat

° 8 Phase 3 trials further test the product’s effectiveness, monitor side effects,

and, on some cases, compare new treatments with existing ones to demonstrate

long-term safety

* 9 Phase 4 trials are generally performed after a product has already approve

on the market to find out more about long-term risks, benefits, and optimal uses

10 Single-blinding means participants do not know whether they are receiving

the experiment drug or a placebo

;ši

or sentence that means the same as the underlined word, |

+ III, Choose the word, phrase

¢ 4 Clinical trials are conducted to determine the efficacy of a potential treatment

2 A Applicability B Safety C Effectiveness D Accuracy

¢ 5 Phase | trials, primarily concerned with safety, try to determine dosing and document

acute side effects

° A Threats B Harms C Dangers D Hazards

* 8 Randomization ensures that the treatment selection will be free of any bias

C Assumption D Error

° A Mistake B Prejudice

* 9 A placebo is an inactive substance that has no treatment value

D Substance

* 10 Phase 2 trials help researchers refine their research methods for future studies

° A Procedures B Approaches C Techniques i D Systems

(1) to evaluate potential treatments for approva

medical devices, or (2) , such as vaccines or gene

undergo laboratory studies in animals to assess (3) :

* Clinical trials are crucial in medical product development, progressing through carefully designed phases to address specific research questions A (4) outlines the study procedures, responsibilities, and objectives Trials often (5) new products to standard treatments or placebos to evaluate effectiveness and safety

* Phases of Clinical Trials:

* Phase I: Focuses on (6) , dosing, and acute side effects, involving 20-80 healthy voluntecrs

trials, also known as clinical studies, are research investigations conducted in

| and broader use These treatments can include drugs,

therapies Before being tested on humans, treatments

* Phase 2: Includes 100-300 participants with the target condition, assessing safety and (7) efficacy

* Phase 3: Involves 1,000-—3,000 (or more) participants to confirm effectiveness, monitor (8) side

effects, and compare with existing treatments,

* Phase 4; Conducted after market approval to examine long-term risks, benefits, and usage in different (9)

rk the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

+ V Read the following passage and ma

indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each blank

¢ Placebos are substances (1) resemble drugs but do not contain an active

compound A placebo is made to look exactly like a real drug but (2) of an inactive

substance such as starch or sugar Placebos are often used in research studies to assess the

in both

effects of treatments This phenomenon, called the "placebo effect," can (3)

desirable and undesirable changes The placebo effect is thought to have two components:

optimistic, and spontancous change Sometimes, people

treatment, and the placebo may be credited or

anticipation of results, (4)

improve spontaneously, even (5)

blamed for the result

¢ 3 A resulting B result C results D resulted

° 5.A of

+ VI Translate into Vietnamese ss

* Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison Clinical trials generate data on

received health authority/ethics

dosage, safety and efficacy, They are conducted only after they have

here approval of the therapy is sought These authorities are committee approval in the country w

responsible for vetting the risk/benefit ratio of the trial—their approval does not mean the therapy ts 'safe' or effective, only that the trial may be conducted

* Depending on product type and development stage, investigators initially enroll volunteers or patients

into small pilot studies, and subsequently conduct progressively larger scale comparative studies

Clinical trials can vary in size and cost, and they can involve a single research center or multiple centers, in one country or in multiple countries Clinical study design aims to ensure the scientific validity and reproducibility of the results

Costs for clinical trials can range into the billions of dollars per approved drug, and the complete trial

pits ee may require 7 ID years The sponsor may be a governmental organization or a

Bre i i Bae 1/02 aFbecVRp eae company Certain functions necessary to the trial

g and lab work, may be manage y anaged by an outsourced partner, such as a contract research Tung, : ` organization or a centr rg roved drugs ral laboratory Only 10 percent of all drugs started in human clinical trials become “atory , `

9 researchers, long term, tolerance

10.treatment, participants, randomization

ma 4

és aboratory | y al nim nal IS, „ LŨ

3 dpvolves erect a

4u a ceive, ar anc Jomization

5.more, periods, safety and tolerance

6.randomization, bias

or

*Exercise 4 page 5 (suggested) 1.to look exactly like a real drug 2.called “the placebo effect”

3.a positive opinion of drugs/ are more likely/

people who have a negative opinion 4.to increase the dose and they develop / when

they are deprived of the placebo

* Exercise 5: Here are sIX definitions Match them with words (nouns,

verbs, or others) in the passage

* | A white tasteless substance forming an important part of foods such as grain,

rice, potatoes, and beans: starch

+ 2 Very difficult to stop or control: compulsive

» 3, The complex of physical and psychological disturbance observed in addicts

when they stop taking the addicting agent: withdrawal symptoms

: 4 To consider someone or something responsible for something bad: blamed

« 5 Asweet white or brown substance which is obtained from plants and used in

food and drinks: sugar

* 6 An outward or noticeable sign of disease: symptoms

* Exercise 6

+ 1 Aspire Higher is a landmark concerning clinical trials carried out by Novartis

+ 2, The two drugs called Rasilez and Tekturna have slightly different components

+ 3 There are predictions for a rise in cardiovascular diseases in elderly patients in the

future years,

+ 4 Rasilez treatments can assure blood pressure reductions

+ 5, Novartis is carrying out four trials in the field of cardio-renal diseases,

+ 6 High blood pressure affects a large part of the world population but a decrease in the

number of patients is expected in future years,

* 7 One of the trials is supposed to evaluate whether Tekturna can improve life to patients

with type 2 diabetes who are at risk,

* 8 Another trial will assess the effectiveness of Rasilez in elderly population with risk

factors

in its landmark

Basel, - : P nounced details of two new long-term

outcome studics

series of trials that comprise ASPIRE HIGHER now form the largest and most

fur-reaching cardio-renal outcom program worldwide

* The newly-launched studics will cvafuate the orean prot

(2F) Rasilez, known as Tekturna® in the US, for the treatmen

discase in the elderly, a patient ee

need ee organs in the body Ti under threat Rasilez/Tekturna works by directly inhibiting

renin, an

enzyme that triggers a process leading to high blood pressure and organ damage By inhibiting renin

at the point of

activation, (4T) Rasilea/Tekturna provides effective blood pressure reductions and may also afford greater protection

against complications such as organ dumage

+ One quarter of the world’s population, or approximately one billion people, are now affected by high blood

pressure (GF) This figure is projected te rise to 1.56 billion by 2025, a 60% increase over the current figure In the

US alone the direct and indirect costs of high blood pressure in 2008 are estimated at USD 69.4 billion

* The ASPIRE HIGHER clinical program includes three major outcome studics:

+ (7T) ALTITUDE will determine whether Rasiles/Tekturna, added to conventional therapy, delays heart and

kidney complications in around 8,600 patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular and renal events

The study began in late 2007 with completion anticipated by 2012

* ATMOSPHERE will evaluate the effects of Rasilez/Tekturna on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in

patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure on top of standard therapy ì

+ (8T) APOLLO will assess the cffectiveness of Rasilez/Tekturna in preventing cardiovascular morbidity and

mortality in elderly patients with or without high blood pressure and other risk factors

ection potential of the first-in-class direct renin inhibitor

t of heart failure and prevention of (3T) cardiovascular

* Exercise 7 pàe 7: Open answers

* Exercise 8 page 8

*Diseases/ whether/ drug/ health authorities/ for

sale/ safety/ phases/ patients/ volunteer/ safety/

larger/ efficacy/effectiveness/ potentially/ side effects/

health/ treatment/ testing

* Clinical trials are research studies which try to answer scientific questions and find better ways to treat or

men đhesse Aclinical trial is conducted to determine _ whether a new drug or treatment is both

safe and effective in people These rescarch studies rely on patients who voluntecr to participate and try a new

dug — or treatment Some of these drugs have not yet been approved by international _health

authorities Sometimes the drugs are currently available _ for sale , but are being tested for a new

disease or additional information

* Most clinical trials that involve the safety _ of a new drug follow a scrics of steps, called phascs _

This process allows researchers to ask and answer questions in a way that results in reliable information about the

drug and protects the patients _ Clinical trials are usually classified into one of four phases:

_ group of people (20-80) for the

- In Phase I trials, researchers test a new drug or treatment ina _volunteer_

first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify safcty

- In Phase Il tials, the study drug or treatment is given toa larger group of people (100-300) to see if it

is effective and to further evaluate its _cfficacy ;

- In Phase Ill trials, the study drug or treatment is given to large groups of people (1,000—3,000) to confirm its

_effectiveness » Monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information

that will allow the drug or treatment to be used potcntally

- In Phase IV TT trials dcÌineate addidonaÍ information including the drug’s side Kiên sddNtoual ¿ : _

` The trials TH ưng trals depends upon the participation of patients who volunteer Participants in clinical

¥ 4 more active role intheirown health care, gain access to new research _ treatment before they are widely available, and help others by contnbuting to medical testing