ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Within my journey of completion the graduation thesis on "Improving Operating Expenses Audit Procedures in Financial Statements Audits by AASC Auditing Firm Company Limit
The rationale of the study
In the evolving big picture of financial statement audit, operating expense auditing is a crucial aspect in every audit The audit performed for the accounting items ensures that financial statements reflect a true and fair view of a company's operational status AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited is considered as the Vietnamese leader in providing financial audit services The company has developed and completed a thorough audit methodology for this accounting sector However, accounting expenses audit also faces several challenges, including the variety of expenses, the potential for subjective judgement, the risks of not recording the expenses in the right accounting period, or recording the expenses that are not suitable These challenges require a demand of continually enhancing audit procedures to guarantee the audits are free from frauds and errors arising from the operating expenses sector
The necessity for this study arises from the above challenges in the existing operating expense auditing practices at AASC This graduation thesis is aimed to contribute modest acknowledgement for enhancing AASC's audit quality and for improving knowledge about the area in general
The relevance of this study relates to several stakeholders, who are AASC Auditing Firm with benefits from an enhanced audit procedure and financial statement users with benefits from comprehensive and transparent financial information
As for above reasons, it can be seen that operating expenses audit plays an important role in audit practice of financial statement In recognising the importance of the subject and its impact to the audit methodology of AASC Auditing Firm, I decided to choose the research topic: "Improving Operating Expenses Audit Procedures in Financial Statements Audits by AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited" as my graduation thesis
Objectives of the study
This graduation thesis aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the existing challenges within AASC's operating expense auditing processes and to devise and test effective strategies for improvement Specific objectives include:
First, investigate principal theories with regards to the operating expense accounts audit procedures in the financial statement audit conducted by independent audit firms
Second, conduct an examination of the actual conditions at the client entity audited by AASC concerning the aspect of operating expenses
Third, propose several solutions and suggestions aimed at enhancing the auditing procedures for operating expenses at AASC
Theoretically, this study enriches the academic field of auditing with practical evidence and insights into the challenges and solutions for the study and implementation of operating expense auditing
Practically, the research offers AASC solutions for enhancing its auditing practices, as well as offers recommendations for those who involved By documenting the journey from problem identification to solution implementation and evaluation, this study provides a valuable template for similar auditing firms seeking to improve their operations.
Research subject and scope
Research subject: The research subject of this thesis is operating expenses (including selling expenses and administrative expenses) audit procedure in the audit of financial statements conducted by AASC
Scope of the research: Research and assess the current state of the audit process for selling expenses and administrative expenses in the financial statement audit at specific clients conducted by AASC for the fiscal year ended 31/12/2023.
Research questions
Based on the three research objectives outlined above, this study proposes three corresponding research questions:
First, “What are the audit procedures for operating expenses in the financial statement audit detailed in Vietnamese Standards on Auditing? How about legal regulation concerning the subject?”
Second, “How does AASC perform audit procedures for operating expenses with regards to a specific client? What are the strengths and weaknesses of those procedures in practice?”
Third, “What are the solutions and recommendations to refine operating expenses audit procedures performed by AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited.
Research methodology
The research methodology employed in this graduation thesis is qualitative method, specifically:
This is the primary method utilised in the study, concerning the examination of current accounting standards, auditing standards applicable in Vietnam, sample audit programs, and related regulations i.e Circular 200/2014/TT-BTC, and tax regulations related to selling expenses and administrative expenses
Primary data sources include all records, documents, and working papers collected by the author in the course of participating in the audit at the client unit
Secondary data consists of available documents such as the client unit's policies, regulations, and sample audit files corresponding to each specific operational segment
- Conducting actual surveys at the client unit during the audit process and surveying the audit participants
- Interview auditor and assistants of the audit team to gain general understanding of audit procedures for operating expenses
- Interview clients’ accountants to understand the accounting cycles and internal control of the entity
- Analytical, synthetic, and comparative method: Analysing, synthesising, and comparing data between the previous and current year, by each detailed expense item, each month From this, identify discrepancies, suspicions, and proceed with detailed examination of the documents.
Research structure
Besides the introduction and conclusion, this graduation thesis was presented in three main segments as follows:
Chapter 1: Theoretical foundations of audit procedures for operating expenses in financial statement audits
Chapter 2: Current practice of operating expenses audit procedures implemented by AASC Auditing Firm in financial statement audits
Chapter 3: Solutions and recommendations for improving the audit procedures of operating expenses in financial statement audits conducted by AASC Auditing Firm
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AUDIT PROCEDURES FOR OPERATING
Characteristics of operating expenses in financial statement audit
1.1.1 Definition and nature of operating expenses in financial statement audit 1.1.1.1 Definition
According to paragraph 4.69 of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (revised in 2018) by the International Accounting Standards Board, an expense is defined as decreases in assets, or increases in liabilities, that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distribution to holders of equity claims
Expenses under IFRS are recognised in the income statement and can be categorised in several ways, including by nature (such as cost of goods sold, labour costs, depreciation charges, …) or by function (such as cost of selling, administrative expenses) The recognition of expenses follows the matching principles, where expenses are recognised in the period in which the related revenue is earned
Expenses are a critical component of the financial statements As they directly impact the profit or loss of a company So, proper classification, measurement and recognition of expenses are essential for the accurate presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS
According to Vietnamese Accounting Standard No 01 'General Standards', Article 31, Point b, expenses have them same definition as that of IFRS, which are defined as the total value of items that reduce economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of cash outflows, asset deductions, or the incurrence of liabilities leading to a decrease in owner's equity, excluding distributions to shareholders or owners Operating expenses are costs that arise during the normal business operations of a company, representing indirect costs not directly associated with the process of producing the company's products
Operating expenses include selling expenses and administrative expenses They are presented in the income statement and disclosed in the financial statement notes, which often account for a substantial amount in the expenses of the entity and have an illegible impact on net accounting income, corporate tax payable and other aspects in the financial statements
The recognition of expenses is guided by fundamental accounting principles outlined across IFRS These key principles relating to the recognition of expenses include:
Matching Principle: This principle states that expenses should be recognised in the same period as the revenues that they helped to generate The purpose is to provide a more accurate picture of the company's profitability during a specific period This principle is fundamental in accrual accounting and ensures that financial statements reflect the true costs of generating revenue during a period
Prudence Principle: Expenses should be recognised as soon as they are reasonably expected or incurred, even if the amount is only an estimate and the invoice has not been received to ensure that expenses are not understated and that liabilities are promptly recognised
Accrual Basis of Accounting: Under the accrual basis of accounting, expenses are recognised when they are incurred, not necessarily when they are paid This approach aligns with the economic substance of transactions rather than their cash flows, providing a clearer view of the company's financial health
Relevance Principle: Expenses must be relevant to the reporting period and reliable enough that they can be measured with accuracy This means that the recognition of expenses should directly relate to the company's current operations and should be supported by objective evidence
Consistency: The method of recognising expenses should be consistent from one period to another This allows for comparability across periods, making it easier for users of financial statements to identify trends and make informed decisions
1.1.2.1 Source documents for operating expenses accounting
When accounting for operating expenses, source documents serve as the foundational evidence for recording financial transactions Source documents related to operating expenses include:
Invoices: These are the most common source documents, provided by suppliers or service providers, detailing the goods or services purchased, their quantities, and the price Invoices are essential for verifying accounts payable and the expenses incurred by a business
Receipts: Receipts serve as proof of payment and are vital for substantiating that an expense has been paid They are often used for smaller transactions where invoices are not typically issued
Bank Statements: Bank statements can serve as source documents for expenses paid directly from a bank account They are useful for verifying electronic transfers, direct debits, and other bank transactions
Contracts and Agreements: Contracts and leases can serve as source documents for regular expenses like rent, lease payments, or subscription-based services These documents outline the terms of payment and are essential for accounting for regular, fixed expenses
Payroll Records: For businesses with employees, payroll records are a critical source document for operating expenses They detail the wages, salaries, bonuses, and deductions for each employee and are essential for recording compensation expenses
Utility Bills: Bills for utilities such as water, electricity, internet, and telephone services are source documents for operating expenses They provide evidence of the costs incurred in maintaining the operational infrastructure of a business
Operating expenses audit procedures for the financial statement audit
1.2.1 Audit objectives for operating expense a) General objectives
According to VSA 200, Overall objectives of the independent auditor and the conduct of an audit in accordance with international standards on auditing, “The purpose of an audit is to enhance the degree of confidence of intended users in the financial statements This is achieved by the expression of an opinion by the auditor on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework” (VSA 200, para 3)
When applying to operating expenses, the general objectives of these accounting items is to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence to enable auditors to express an opinion whether operating expenses are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with Vietnamese Accounting Standards and the auditor’s findings Besides, it provides information and evidence for referencing related sections b) Specific objectives
Specific audit objectives refine general audit goals for individual accounts and specific transaction sections These objectives are established based on the overall goals
19 and the distinct features and nature of each account or transaction area, considering how they are recorded and monitored within the company's accounting and internal control systems The primary goal of auditing operating expenses is to collect sufficient and appropriate evidence to demonstrate financial statement audit assertions, which are occurrence, completeness, accuracy, rights and obligations and presentation, as well as to meet the financial statement audit's objectives Details are as the table follow:
Table 1.1 Audit objectives of Operating expenses
Occurrence Transactions and events relating to operating expenses that have been recorded or disclosed have occurred, and such transactions and events pertain to the entity
Completeness Transactions and events relating to operating expenses that have been recorded or disclosed have occurred, and such transactions and events pertain to the entity
Accuracy Amounts and other data relating to operating expenses’s recorded transactions and events have been recorded appropriately, and related disclosures have been appropriately measured and described
Cut-off Transactions and events relating to operating expenses have been recorded in the correct accounting period
Classification Transactions and events have been recorded in the proper operating expense accounts
Presentation Transactions and events relating to operating expenses are appropriately aggregated or disaggregated and clearly described, and related disclosures are relevant and understandable in the context of the requirements of the applicable financial reporting framework
1.2.2 Audit procedures for operating expenses
The auditors must obtain an understanding of the nature of the business and the accounting items relevant by the act of inquiring of management and others within the entity, conducting analytical procedures, observation and inspection, application of prior period knowledge Contents to obtain in the stage of understanding of entity and its environment are as follows:
- Industry, regulatory and other external factors, including the reporting framework;
- Nature of the entity, including the selection and the application of accounting policies;
- Objectives and strategies and relating business risks that might cause material misstatement in the financial statements;
- Measurement and review of the entity’s financial performance;
- Internal control of the entity
Before accepting a new or recurring audit client, an audit firm must ensure whether they have sufficient resources to carry out the appointment as well as investigate prominent threats in the engagement, such as ethical issues and potential risks within the client
+ The firm should reassess its independence from the client to ensure there are no conflicts of interest that could impair its objectivity;
+ Reevaluate the client’s standing, including changes in management, ownership, nature of business, and financial health This step is important to ensure that the client still meets the audit firm’s criteria for ethical and professional risk;
+ Engagement Continuance Decision: The firm should review the results from previous audits, including any issues or challenges faced, to decide whether it is appropriate and feasible to continue the relationship
Before a new audit client is accepted, the auditors must determine whether there are any independence or ethical issues likely to cause significant problems with the ethical code The proposed auditor must carry out the following procedures:
+ Ensure professionally qualified to act by considering whether to be disqualified on legal or ethical grounds, for example if there would be a conflict of interest with another client;
+ Ensure existing resources are adequate by considering available time, staff and technical expertise;
+ Obtain references by making independent enquiries if directors are not personally known;
+ Communicate with existing auditors to enquire whether there are reasons/ circumstances behind the change which the new auditors ought to know, also as a matter of courtesy
+ Ensure the outgoing auditors’ removal or resignation has been properly conducted in accordance with legislation;
+ Ensure that the new auditors’ appointment is valid by obtaining a copy of the resolution passed at the general meeting appointing them as the company’s auditor;
+ Set up and submit a letter of engagement to the director of the company b) Planning
Planning procedures act as a backbone for an efficient and effective audit The planning is detailed in VSA 300, Planning an Audit of Financial Statements VSA 300 para 4 states that “The objective of the auditor is to plan the audit so that it will be performed in an effective manner”
The overall audit strategy is the process of establishing the overall audit strategy assists the auditor to determine, subject to the completion of the auditor’s risk assessment procedures The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit, and that guides the development of the audit plan (VSA
- In establishing the overall audit strategy, the auditor shall:
+ Identify the characteristics of the engagement that define its scope;
+ Ascertain the reporting objectives of the engagement to plan the timing of the audit and the nature of the communications required;
+ Consider the factors that, in the auditor’s professional judgement, are significant in directing the engagement team’s efforts;
+ Consider the results of preliminary engagement activities and, where applicable, whether knowledge gained on other engagements performed by the engagement partner for the entity is relevant; and
+ Ascertain the nature, timing and extent of resources necessary to perform the engagement (VSA 300, para 8)
- An audit plan shows how the overall audit strategy will be implemented Audits are planned to:
+ Ensure appropriate attention is devoted to important areas of the audit;
+ Identify potential problems and resolve them on a timely basis;
+ Ensure that the audit is properly organised and managed;
+ Assign work to engagement team member properly;
+ Facilitate direction and supervision of engagement team members as well as facilitate review of work c) Analytical procedures at the planning process
VSA 315, Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement, states that analytical procedures must be applied at the risk assessment procedures to obtain understanding of the entity and its environment
Analytical procedure is the evaluation of financial information through analysis of plausible relationships among both financial and non-financial data; it identifies fluctuations or relationships that are consistent with other relevant information or that differ from expected values by a significant amount Analytical procedures include the consideration of comparisons with the comparable information for prior periods; the anticipated result of the entity and the similar industry information Moreover, there is a consideration of relationships between elements of financial information that are expected to conform to a predicted pattern based on the entity's experience; and the financial information and relevant non-financial information
Materiality is an expression of the relative significance or importance of a particular matter in the context of financial statements as a whole A matter is material if its omission or misstatement could influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements
Performance materiality is the amount set by the auditor at less than materiality for the financial statements as a whole to reduce to an appropriately low level of probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole
VSA 320, Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit states that:
Materiality and audit risk are considered throughout the audit, particularly, when:
- Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement;
- Determining the nature, timing and extent of further audit procedures;
- Evaluating the effect of uncorrected misstatements in the financial statements and forming the opinion in the auditor’s report” (VSA 320, para A1)
CURRENT PRACTICE OF OPERATING EXPENSES AUDIT PROCEDURES
Introduction of AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited
2.1.1 The process of formation and development
Company name AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited
Address No.1, Le Phung Hieu Street, Trang Tien Ward, Hoan Kiem
District, Hanoi City Phone number (84.24) 3824 1990
Email: aasc@aasc.com.vn
Website www.aasc.com.vn
AASC Auditing Firm Co., Ltd (AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited) has matured and continuously developed from the Auditing and Accounting Financial Consultancy Service Company of the Ministry of Finance and is also a Member of HLB International in Vietnam (Global Network of Accountants and Consultants) AASC Auditing Firm is one of the first and largest legal organisations in Vietnam specialising in Auditing, Financial Consulting, Accounting, Taxation, Valuation and other legal services Currently, AASC has its head office located in Hanoi, a branch in Ho Chi Minh City and a branch in Quang Ninh
Along with the Big 4 auditing firms operating in Vietnam, AASC is one of the 5 dynamic auditing firms with the largest annual revenue, customers, number of auditors and employees today (92 Vietnamese auditors, 08 ACCA members, 03 Australian CPA members, 02 CIMA members, 01 CIA member, 01 CMA member, 33 Price appraisers,
35 Tax Procedures Consultant certificates and almost 500 employees) During more than
33 years of operation, whether in the form of SOEs or limited companies, AASC's operating principles have always been steadfast in innovation, creativity, and development, worthy the title of the first Accounting and Auditing Company of Vietnam to provide the highest quality services for the legitimate benefit of our clients Our customers operating in all economic sectors: Economic Groups, State Corporations, Foreign Invested Companies, Listed Companies, Joint Stock Companies, Commercial Banks, projects using ODA capital, aid capital from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank as well as other international credit institutions and investment projects
Over 33 years of sustainable development, AASC has implemented and delivered a wide range of quality service in Vietnam Recognizing the contribution and outstanding achievements of AASC’s employees and the Board of Directors in the field of auditing, accounting which make a great contribution to the Construction of Socialism and National Defence, the President and the Prime Minister decided to award a full set of the First, Second and Third-class Labour Medals to the Company, a Second-class and a Third-class Labour Medals to Chairman Ngo Duc Doan, a Third-class Labour Medal and a title" National Emulation Soldier" to General Director Nguyen Thanh Tung, a Third-class Labour Medal to the Auditing Departments No.2, No.3, No 5, Construction Audit Department and Mr Do Manh Cuong – Deputy General Director and Mr Hoang San - Head of General Affair Department, 2 times of “Emulation Flag” and award many Certificates of Merit of the Prime Minister to other teams and individuals, etc
Table 2.1 Brief Statement of Profit or Loss of AASC in three recent years
Revenue from public interest audit clients 36.710 32.902 43.060
(Source: Transparency report of AASC)
As for the table above, we can witness a steady growth in the financial picture of AASC The company has seen its revenue, expenses and profit after tax increase in the given period Specifically, revenue saw a 7,1% increase from 2021 to 2022 and profit after tax increased 56,35% in the year In 2023, despite economic hardship, AASC still managed to overcome the common reality of the economy with a 1,05% growth rate in revenue and 30,87% increase in revenue from public interest audit clients So that, in general, it can be said that AASC is a leading audit firm that develops sustainably over years
With over 33 years of leadership experience in auditing and assurance services in Vietnam, AASC has developed a high-quality, diverse service system for all types of business entities These services include:
Audit services: financial statement audits; operational audits; compliance audits; audits of completed investment capital settlements; and other assurance services
Accounting services: bookkeeping, financial reporting, investment capital settlement reports; development of accounting organisation models and accounting procedures; conversion of reports according to IFRS
Consulting services: financial consulting, tax accounting consulting, construction investment, business management consulting, and enterprise equitization consulting
Valuation services: asset valuation; business valuation; financial and accounting appraisal
Training services: updating knowledge in finance, accounting, auditing, taxation; training in basic construction investment, and other training services
The functions and responsibilities of various departments within the company are as the illustration and details follows:
Illustration 2.1: Organisational structure of AASC
(Source: AASC Internal learning materials)
* Board of Directors: This body comprises 34 members and serves as the highest decision-making authority in the company The chairperson of the board, Mr Ngo Duc Doan, represents the company legally and holds the highest authority, signing and supervising the board's decisions
* Audit Committee : Subordinate to the Board of Members, this board's role is to review and inspect the company's activities
* Board of Managers: This division manages the company's daily operations and includes 11 members: the Senior Partner, Mr Nguyen Thanh Tung, and 10 Partners The Partners implements the decisions of the Board of Members and manages daily business operations The Partners advise the Senior Partner on company operations and directly manage department activities They also direct, review, and issue the company's financial statements
* Training and Quality Control Department : Responsible for quality control, financial report reviews, and recruitment
* General Affairs Department: Handles general administration, decides on organisational matters, training, logistical issues, work expenses, and travel documents
* Information Technology Department : Supports, repairs electronic equipment, maintains computer networks, and designs accounting and management software
* Research and Development Department : Focuses on improving the quality of services provided by the company
* Secretariat : Supports the Executive Board in managing company operations and is responsible for receiving, preserving records and documents
Located at the headquarters in Hanoi, AASC has 11 departments handling different services:
- Audit Department 1: Primarily provides auditing services to financial institutions like credit unions, banks, etc;
- Audit Departments 2, 5, 6: Provide auditing services for public interest entities;
- Audit Department 3: Offers auditing services to businesses and government administrative units;
- Audit Department 7: Provides auditing services for public interest entities, valuation, and consulting;
- Foreign Investment Services Departments 1, 2: Offer auditing services for foreign-invested companies and projects with foreign capital;
- Project Audit Department: Responsible for auditing projects;
- Investment Settlement Audit Department: Manages auditing services for investment settlement and basic construction audits;
- Valuation Board: Provides valuation services
Additionally, AASC has two branches in Quảng Ninh and Ho Chi Minh City, offering specialised auditing and other financial services as decided by the Executive Board
2.1.4 General audit procedures conducted by AASC Auditing Firm Company Limited
As a leading firm in providing audit and assurance services in Vietnam, AASC has developed their own audit methodology based on Vietnamese Standards on
Auditing and International Standards on Auditing An audit is performed by AASC in accordance with 3 stages: Planning stage, Implementing stage and Conclusion and Reporting stage The overall audit methodology can be summarised as in the following graph, with the details will be showed in the next section
Illustration 2.2: Audit methodology of AASC
(Source: AASC internal audit document)
Current practice of operating expenses audit procedures implemented by AASC auditing firm
The planning phase of the audit process at AASC includes the following steps: surveying, evaluating, and accepting clients; followed by detailed audit planning Here’s an outline of the process: a) Evaluating and accepting client
Evaluating client: Before accepting a client and signing an audit contract, a careful evaluation of the client's risk level is essential to safeguard the auditing firm's reputation and quality This evaluation is based on preliminary information about the client, including their financial status and management goals For long-standing clients, the acceptance process is less stringent and mainly involves checking if there have been significant changes in their organisational structure or operational direction over the past year For new clients, preliminary information is gathered such as financial reports, audit records from previous years, and other non-financial information Assistants collect preliminary information about the new client, which includes financial statements, past audit records, and other non-financial data This information is then analysed generally and reported to the lead auditor The lead auditor then conducts an on-site survey to understand the client’s situation directly through meetings and discussions about their operational directions and goals The auditor also performs a preliminary assessment of the client's internal controls The information gathered and assessments made by the lead auditor are reported to the management team to evaluate the suitability and acceptability of the client At this stage, the audit fee is also proposed based on the client's risk level and the scope of work required
Accepting client: If the client is acceptable, a tender document is sent to the client, including the proposed audit fees, financial statements of the audit firm, and profiles of the firm and the auditors involved If the client agrees to proceed with AASC as the
41 contractor, negotiations on the audit fee are finalised Once the terms are agreed upon, an audit contract is signed between AASC and the client
This structured approach ensures that the audit firm thoroughly understands potential risks and can provide high-quality audit services to each client’s specific needs b) Planning
Based on the information and documents collected from the client, the auditor proceeds to develop a detailed audit plan for each task to ensure minimisation of audit risk The specific steps include:
* Deepening Understanding of the Enterprise: This involves studying the business characteristics and industry of the client, examining the overall sector, and the scale of the enterprise to assess potential risks The auditor looks into the business model, market position, and competitive environment to understand where risks might be:
- Analysing Financial Health and Business Operations: The auditor assesses the client's ability to pay its obligations, the status of its business operations, and evaluates risks related to fraud or other issues highlighted in the previous year's audit file This includes a review of profitability, cash flow, and revenue consistency to identify risk areas;
- Evaluating Overall Internal Controls: Through interviews and other methods, the auditor evaluates the client’s internal control systems This helps to define the audit objectives, the auditing program, and the workload for the audit team This evaluation is crucial for identifying weaknesses that could affect the reliability of financial reporting;
* Determining Materiality Levels: The auditor establishes materiality thresholds based on information gathered about the unit’s operations and figures in the pre-audit financial reports The determination of materiality depends on the nature and characteristics of the unit’s operations:
- For stable business units: Pre-tax profit is often used as a criterion for determining materiality If there are abnormal factors affecting profitability, these may be excluded from the calculation;
- For newly operational units: Materiality is calculated based on total assets;
- For small enterprises: Materiality is based on criteria that significantly impact the overall financial statements;
- For units with concerns about going concern: Depending on the situation of each unit, the auditor focuses on the most critical indicators that can facilitate the quickest and most effective financial balancing
During the audit process, the audit team will conduct field work at the client's premises Throughout this phase, auditors collect comprehensive documentation and audit sufficient evidence to achieve the audit objectives Here's a detailed of the procedures involved:
* Tests of control: If the client's internal controls were assessed as effective during the planning stage, auditors will perform control testing to gather audit evidence demonstrating the appropriateness and effectiveness of the internal control system relative to accounting transactions This allows auditors to identify key controls and align them with general controls, enabling them to tailor audit procedures to the client's specific conditions
* Analytical Procedures : At AASC, analytical methods include:
- Analysing Unusual Transactions: This involves identifying anomalies that depend on the auditors' professional competence and experience Once identified, auditors conduct detailed tests on these transactions to verify their accuracy and compliance with accounting standards
- Trend Analysis: Auditors analyse the occurrence and movements of various accounting items over the period, identifying trends and deviations which may require focused investigation to clarify any issues
* Substantive Procedures : Based on the results of the analytical procedures, auditors decide which areas require detailed scrutiny of documents Tests of details also require the professional judgement and experience of the audit team members to select samples of transactions suspected of errors After identifying any issues, team members will discuss their findings with the client's accounting staff to seek resolutions and, if necessary, propose adjusting journal entries Subsequently, the auditors and audit assistants will document their work in detailed working papers for each specific part of the audit procedure
At the conclusion phase of the audit, the audit team leader consolidates the working papers and compiles audit findings into the audit report, highlighting issues found in various accounting sections Here’s a detailed breakdown of the process:
The team leader reviews and compiles all audit working papers, ensuring they accurately reflect the audit findings and evidence gathered throughout the audit process All significant audit issues are documented in the audit memorandum This document includes any discrepancies, errors, or other notable points related to the client’s accounting and internal controls
SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE AUDIT
Development strategy of the company
As one of the top five auditing firms in Vietnam, AASC is deeply committed to maintaining and enhancing its high-quality labour force The firm conducts two major recruitment operations annually, targeting finance and accounting major students from leading economic universities in Hanoi In October, AASC recruits interns, and in May, the firm seeks audit assistants The recruitment process, which is known for its competitiveness, includes CV screening, testing, and personal interviews, with tests meticulously crafted to cover a broad range of skills in accounting, auditing, finance, and social interaction This rigorous process ensures AASC attracts highly capable candidates suitable for advanced training and development
In addition to recruitment, AASC places great emphasis on continuous professional development The firm offers specialised training courses designed by its Quality Control Department to keep auditors abreast of the latest policy changes, regulatory updates, and best practices in accounting, auditing, taxation, and law Prior to the audit season, staff members undergo knowledge enhancement sessions to ensure high-quality service delivery Audit teams also meet to discuss and resolve operational issues, continuously striving to elevate the quality of their work
Furthermore, AASC actively engages in fostering talent through sponsorship of various talent incubation programs and competitions at academic institutions High achievers in these programs are often offered internships, providing them with valuable professional experience and the firm with a pipeline to scout future talents
AASC is renowned for having the largest number of certified practising auditors in Vietnam, and it supports its employees in obtaining professional certifications such as
75 the Vietnamese Auditor's Certificate and ACCA This not only underscores AASC’s dedication to professional excellence but also highlights its commitment to staff development
Beyond professional growth, AASC is committed to enhancing the well-being and team spirit of its workforce The firm organises recreational trips post-audit season to alleviate stress and foster stronger interpersonal relationships among staff Additionally, AASC hosts various health and wellness events, such as running competitions and voluntary blood donation drives, to promote a healthy lifestyle and a sense of community within the team
As AASC strives to adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and diversifying market demands, the firm is proactively expanding its service relating to technology assurance Understanding the importance of specialised knowledge in today’s complex audit environment, the company has launched new service lines including information technology audits such as SOC for cybersecurity, HIPAA compliance audits, and GDPR compliance audits, as well as SWIFT CSCF compliance audits Additionally, the firm is broadening its traditional offerings to include internal audit services and transitioning to international financial reporting standards like IFRS
To ensure its services meet the specific needs of diverse industries, AASC should invest heavily in the continuous training and development of its staff This includes incorporating new technologies to enhance data analytics and increase security and transparency
In a growing awareness of ethical dilemmas in the accounting and auditing sectors in Vietnam, AASC should continue its commitment to uphold and promote ethical standards The firm should actively enhance its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and focus more rigorously on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices This commitment helps clients navigate the complexities of ESG compliance
76 and reporting and conducts sustainability audits AASC’s striving on ethics is part of a broader effort to ensure that integrity and ethical practices are at the core of all operations and services
By integrating these advancements and emphasising a robust ethical framework alongside CSR and ESG efforts, AASC not only strengthens its competitive edge but also ensures it remains at the leading shoulder of the auditing industry, ready to address the dynamic and increasingly complex challenges faced by businesses today
Moreover, AASC should put a stress on constantly striving to innovate and modernise its audit methodologies to enhance efficiency and reduce both time and human effort The firm should be committed to adopting more advanced audit techniques and tools that streamline processes and increase precision By leveraging new data analytics methods and automation, AASC is able to conduct more throughout audits with greater accuracy and less reliance on manual input This technological advancement not only accelerates the audit process but also allows auditors to focus more on complex areas requiring critical thinking and analysis, ensures that AASC can provide quality audit services more effectively, keeping pace with global trends and client expectations in a fast-evolving business environment.
Solutions for improving the audit procedures of operating expenses in financial statement audits
3.2.1.1 Client acceptance and understanding the entity
To improve audit procedures of operating expenses in financial statement audits, as outlined by the AASC, several solutions can be implemented Firstly, enhancing client acceptance procedures can mitigate risks associated with biassed contract acquisition This can be achieved by implementing strict independence checks that require auditors to disclose any personal connections with potential clients This would help in identifying and mitigating potential conflicts of interest before
77 accepting an audit assignment Moreover, there should be a set of criteria for client acceptance and continuation, which could include detailed financial health indicators, compliance history, and management integrity measures Such criteria should be documented and made a key part of the audit firm's quality control procedures
Secondly, AASC should adopt a more strategic and diligent approach to screening potential clients By Implementing a detailed and rigorous screening process that evaluates potential clients not just on financial health but also on their operational stability, governance structures, and compliance history Furthermore, the company should set up benchmarks that disqualify too small clients or those that might not contribute significantly to the firm's value relating to complexity or learning opportunities for the auditor
Thirdly, AASC should allocate sufficient time and resources during peak audit seasons for enhancing the quality of the audits This might involve adjusting workloads or increasing the number of employees during busy periods to ensure each audit receives the necessary attention That would provide the auditor with quality time for extensive procedures for instance regular updates on clients' operational changes and accounting policies
3.2.1.2 Preliminary assessment of internal controls
The deficiencies in the preliminary assessment of internal controls include its lack of execution during field work due to the limited time spent, reliance on restrictive closed-ended questionnaires, and a lack of specific assessments for operating expense accounts, requiring auditors to implement their own evaluation methods There are some solutions for the deficiencies above:
First, preliminary control assessments must be implemented and reviewed regularly For that to be done, a better planning programme and resource allocation is mandatory to give auditors the necessary time to perform these assessments before proceeding to detailed tests The company should provide auditors with additional
78 training focused on the importance and techniques of internal control assessments, including case studies and scenarios that highlight effective strategies for uncovering common weaknesses
Second, AASC should develop a system of dynamic questionnaires By replacing closed-ended questionnaires with more dynamic, open-ended formats that encourage deeper investigation into the client’s internal controls These questions should be tailored to address the specific operational practice of each client
Third, AASC should develop a specialised framework for assessing controls specifically around operating expenses as well as for every accounting section This would involve creating a set of standards and procedures dedicated to the operating expenses section, rather than relying on auditors to adapt general purchase cycle control assessments
In this stage, there are shortcomings relating to the unlikeliness of determining materiality in planning the audit, as well as the lack of calculation of materiality for individual accounts
To address these weaknesses, AASC should develop a methodology for assessing materiality at the account level, not just at the financial statements level AASC should equip auditors with tools and detailed guidance on how to calculate and apply materiality for specific accounts This could include software tools that automate some of the calculations based on predefined criteria and risk assessments, ensuring consistency and accuracy across different audits Auditors will have a mechanism to assign specific materiality thresholds to operating expense accounts, tailored to the significance and risk profile of each account Moreover, materiality should be determined early in the audit process, rather than being treated as a procedural formality during the final report preparation stage
3.2.1.4 Document provision for the auditors
The company should enforce strict deadlines for document submission prior to the commencement of audits Clear guidelines should be issued to clients detailing which documents are needed and the final date by which they must be submitted, ensuring all financial statements are finalised and locked before the audit begins Penalties or other consequences should be introduced in the audit contract These disciplinary actions could include delays in completing the audit or additional fees to compensate for the increased workload and extended timeline Consequently, AASC can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit process, reduce delays, and manage workload more effectively during the audit of operating expenses
The analytical procedures at AASC have several deficiencies, which can be listed as the auditors focus narrowly on year-over-year data without comparing against industry averages, the lack of analysis of financial ratios and interrelationships among this information, and the regularly ignorance of non-financial information, which could result in a superficial understanding of the audited entity's operations and increases audit risk Those shortcomings put a need for urgent solutions to enhance the effectiveness of analytical procedures
Firstly, AASC should mandate the inclusion of industry benchmarks in the analysis to provide a comparative perspective that enhances the understanding of the client's performance relative to other competitors in the industry Moreover, auditors should be trained and encouraged to analyse a broader set of financial ratios and the relationships between different types of financial data
Secondly, AASC should encourage their auditor to investigate reviews of non- financial data such as operational metrics, market conditions, and macroeconomic indicators into the analytical procedures As for these contributions can provide a more
80 holistic view of the company’s situation and help auditors to understand the financial numbers in context, which can lead to more informed and reliable audit conclusions
In this procedure, in addressing the problematic issue of the unlikeliness utilisation of professional sampling technique, AASC should enforce the use of its existing sampling method based on CMA or develop a new standardised approach that must be used across all audits Training sessions should be provided to ensure that all auditors understand and correctly apply these techniques The company should also implement technological solutions by adopting advanced auditing software that integrates professional and novel sampling methods Such technology can help in selecting a representative sample of transactions automatically, reducing time spent and the reliance on personal judgement and minimising the risk of human error
During the stage, AASC auditors often leave the initial materiality level remains unchanged, and they commonly suggest minor adjusting entries, which may not significantly alter the financial statements, which could raise the concern of the client about the thoroughness of the in-charge audit team In solving these deficiencies, first, AASC should introduce a policy where materiality levels must be reevaluated during the final stage, especially if initial audit findings suggest potential changes in risk exposure This dynamic approach allows auditors to adapt their professional judgement in response to findings in the audit
Recommendations for improving the audit procedures of operating expenses in financial
3.3.1 Proposal to the government and relevant authorities
State agencies, especially the Ministry of Finance, are crucial in guiding and providing a solid foundation for all accounting and auditing activities This includes the work done by audit firms At present, the Ministry of Finance has introduced 26
82 accounting standards and 41 auditing standards Along with these, there are several circulars and decrees that guide how accounting and auditing should be carried out These documents form a core part of the rules and guidelines that all accounting and auditing activities in Vietnam must follow
In the integrated world these days, where countries are increasingly working together economically, it's very important to use a set of accounting and auditing standards that meet international levels Doing this helps make financial information clearer, builds trust with investors, and makes Vietnamese companies more competitive and attractive to investment As a result, switching to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from the current Vietnamese standards is an urgent and critical task This change is challenging for the Ministry of Finance and other state agencies They need to quickly figure out and finalise how to apply IFRS in Vietnam This is to ensure that the transition is smooth and doesn’t cause confusion or difficulties in getting ready for the change
Moreover, at this time, there is a lot of public interest in the ethical behaviour and responsibility of accountants and auditors Therefore, government agencies should step up their efforts to check and supervise audit companies more closely They should also look into developing new ways to make sure that auditors follow the law and maintain high ethical standards
3.3.2 Recommendations for Professional Associations in Accounting and Auditing
Professional associations in accounting and auditing consist of accountants and auditors who are well-educated in theory and experienced in practice, including those who are highly respected, skilled, and responsible These associations should actively participate in developing and improving the set of standards used in the industry Additionally, they should enhance their training programs to improve the quality of auditors as well as other members within the association
There is also a need for active involvement and collaboration with universities to raise the teaching quality and the calibre of students specialising in accounting and auditing Members of these associations should be responsible for regularly updating their knowledge about global trends in accounting and auditing, and for researching and applying these trends to their practices in Vietnam
With the growing importance of technology in accounting and auditing, associations should offer training sessions and resources on the latest digital tools and software This would help members stay current with technological advancements and improve their efficiency and accuracy in work
Furthermore, attention must be paid to the importance of professional ethics This can be achieved by increasing discussions and workshops on this topic, expanding research, and refining the standards related to professional ethics These efforts will help to strengthen the integrity and reputation of the profession
3.3.3 Recommendations for AASC Auditing Firm
Given the current economic fluctuations and intense competition among audit firms in the industry, AASC needs to enhance its service quality and improve the skills of its auditors to strengthen its competitive edge and attract more clients It is crucial for AASC to perfect its audit processes and audit quality The company should invest in upgrading its information management systems, incorporate more advanced analytical tools and data analytics into the audit process and consider developing or acquiring specialised software for audit sampling This would improve operational quality and ensure that audit risks are minimised
Additionally, AASC should invest more in its recruitment processes and in the training of new employees Enhancing the quality of incoming staff and providing high- quality training for employees are essential steps to improve the overall quality of the company The company should increase the range and frequency of training opportunities offered, focusing not only on technical skills but also on soft skills like
84 communication, leadership, and critical thinking This comprehensive approach to professional development can improve team performance and client relations These investments will not only boost the firm’s capability to deliver superior audit services but also position AASC as a leader in the industry, equipped to meet the challenges of a dynamic economic environment
Auditors are the key to the success of any audit To improve the quality of auditing services, it is essential that auditors adhere to high professional and ethical standards Ethics should always be a priority Auditors must equip themselves with knowledge and experience and be aware of any risks that might compromise their independence They should implement measures to mitigate these risks and ensure they uphold their own ethical values and those of the profession
Auditors must continually engage in learning and accumulate relevant experience to their field It is crucial for them to regularly update their knowledge and stay informed about developments in auditing They should pursue and obtain additional professional certifications related to their areas of expertise Certifications can demonstrate their commitment to their profession and enhance their credibility
3.3.5 Recommendations for the Banking Academy
The academy should undertake a comprehensive review and update of its curriculum to ensure it remains relevant and focused on the essentials of accounting and auditing Removing outdated or less relevant courses will allow for a deeper focus on core competencies and emerging trends in the industry Professional certifications should be more integrated into the academic programs, allowing students to gain knowledge and skills that are internationally recognized
To better prepare students for their future careers, the academy should strengthen its partnerships with industry leaders and firms These relationships can facilitate
85 internship opportunities and practical work experiences, giving students a taste of the professional environment while they are still studying
Additionally, the institution should promote scientific research spirit among students by expanding competitions and research contests Organising more events specifically related to accounting and auditing will provide a valuable platform for students to engage with and deepen their expertise These initiatives will not only enhance students’ practical skills but also prepare them for professional challenges they might face in the future
Understanding the entity of BCA company
a) Understanding business activities of BCA company (Extracted from working paper No 5.02 of AASC)
1 Môi trường hoạt động và các tác động từ bên ngoài
Ngành nghề kinh doanh chủ yếu:
Nhập khẩu các loại phương tiện vận tải đặc chủng, phương tiện nghiệp vụ máy móc, thiết bị chuyên dụng, vật tư kỹ thuật, vũ khí, khí tài, công cụ hỗ trợ phục vụ công tác, chiến đấu của lự lượng Công an nhân dân nói riêng và phục vụ an ninh, quốc phòng nói chung;
Tư vấn, thiết kế, giám sát lắp đặt các hệ thống camera quan sát, bảo vệ, chống trộm, chống đột nhập, phòng chay chữa cháy, điện, điện tử viễn thông, đào tạo nhân viên bảo vệ,… phục vụ ngành Công an và tham gia thị trường;
Sản xuất biển số xe cơ giới;
Kinh doanh xăng dầu phục vụ công tác, chiến đấu của lực lượng Công an nhân dân và tham gia thị trường
Xu hướng phát triển của ngành nghề đơn vị đang hoạt động: Đơn vị có dự định phát triển thêm hoạt động ngoài lĩnh vực hoạt động chính của mình là ủy thác nhập khẩu để đa dạng hóa và chuyển dịch cơ cấu doanh thu Các hoạt động như sản xuất thiết bị phòng cháy chữa cháy, thiết bị an ninh được đơn vị tập trung nguồn lực đầu tư phát triển
Các tác động về mặt pháp lý của đơn vị
Các chính sách cuản lý của Nhà nước đối với ngành nghề hoạt động kinh doanh của đơn vị (quy hoạch, định hướng phát triển, tạo điều kiện kinh doanh)
- Không có chính sách riêng biệt
Chế độ chính sách tài chính, kế toán, thuế áp dụng cho ngành nghề kinh doanh của đơn vị:
- Không có chính sách riêng biệt
+ Chế độ kế toán: Áp dụng chế độ kế toán ban hành theo thông tư số 200/2014/TT- BTC ngày 22/12/2014 của Bộ Tài chính và Thông tư số 53/2016/TT-BTC ngày 21/03/2016 của Bộ tài chính sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều chỉnh của thông tư số 200/2014/TT-BTC
+ Chính sách thuế: áp dụng các văn bản thuế hiện hành về thuế GTGT, TNDN, TNCN Chính sách quản lý tài chính vi mô của nhà nước: (tỉ giá, lãi suất, quản lý ngoại hối…)
- Chịu sự tác động của các chính sách chung của nhà nước
+ Các hoạt động kinh doanh liên quan đến lĩnh vực ủy thác nhập khẩu chịu sự ảnh hưởng bởi các chính sách quản lý ngoại hối và các chính sách tỷ giá
Các rủi ro liên quan đến môi trường hoạt động và tác động ngoại cảnh: Không có Ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố này đến BCTC: Không có b) Understanding internal control at company level
General understanding of internal control relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statements (extracted from working paper No 5.02 of AASC)
1.1 Truyền đạt thông tin và yêu cầu thực thi tính chính trực và các giá trị đạo đức trong doanh nghiệp (DN)
DN có quy địnhvề các giá trị đạo đức và các giá trị này có được thông tin đến các bộ phận của DN không?
DN có quy định nào để giám sát việc tuân thủ các nguyên tắc về tính chính trực và các giá trị đạo đức không?
Có quy định rõ và áp dụng đúng các biện pháp xử lý đối với các sai phạm về tính chính trực và giá trị đạo đức không?
1.2 Cam kết đối với năng lực và trình độ của nhân viên
DN có cụ thể hóa/ mô tả các yêu cầu về trình độ, kỹ năng đối với từng vị trí nhân viên không?
Y Không có văn bản quy định cụ thể, tuy nhiên trong quá trình tuyển dụng, công ty đều đưa ra các yêu cầu về trình độ, kĩ năng đối với từng vị trí cần tuyển dụng
DN có chú trọng đến trình độ, năng lực của nhân viên được tuyển dụng không?
Y Nhân viến được tuyển dụng phải đạt được trình độ theo yêu cầu đối với từng vị tri tuyển dụng
DN có biện pháp xử lý kịp thời đối với các nhân viên không có năng lực không?
1.3 Sự tham gia của ban quản trị
Thành viên ban quản trị có độc lập với ban giám độc không?
N Chủ tịch hội đồng quản trị kiêm nhiệm chức vụ với tổng giám đốc
Ban quản trị có bao gồm những người có kinh nghiệm không?
Y Hội đồng quản trị có nhiều năm kinh nghiệm trong công tac điều hành công ty
Ban quản trị có thường xuyên tham gia các hoạt động quan trọng của doanh nghiệp không?
Y Các thành viên thường xuyên có mặt tại trụ sở chính cũng như di chuyển giữa các chi nhánh để điều hành hoạt động của công ty
Các vấn đề sai phạm có được báo cáo ban quản trị kịp thời không?
Y Hội đồng quản trị quản lý sâu sắc mọi hoạt động của công ty
Ban quản trị có họp thường xuyên và định kỳ và các biên bản họp có được lập kịp thời hay không?
Y Hội đồng quản trị thường xuyên thực hiện các cuộc họp cũng như họp thường niên để quản lý hoạt động và đưa ra nhiệm vụ chính sách cho công ty
1.4 Phong cách điều hành và triết lý của ban giám đốc
BGĐ có quan tâm đến công tác KSNB không?
Y BGĐ quan tâm và coi trọng việc thiết kế, thực hiện và giám sát các hoạt động KSNB
BGĐ có quan tâm đúng mức đến quá trình lập BCTC không?
Y BCTC của công ty phải được lập, trình bày và trình lên Bộ Công an trước ngày 31/03 hàng năm
Quan điểm của BGĐ đối với việc lập và trình bày BCTC?
BGĐ quan điểm rằng BCTC phải được lập theo đúng quy định của
93 chế độ kế toán công ty tuyên bố áp dụng trong chính sách kế toán
Quan điểm của BGĐ đối với việc xử lý thông tin, công việc kế toán và nhân sự?
BGĐ luôn yêu cầu bộ phận kế toán ghi nhận nghiệp vụ kinh tế phát sinh theo đúng thực tế và tuân thủ theo các quy định về kế toán
1.5 Phân công quyền hạn và trách nhiệm
DN có các chính sách và thủ tục đạo đức cho việc ủy quyền và phê duyệt các nghiệp vụ ở từng mức độ phù hợp không?
Y Thể hiện ở quy chế hoạt động của doanh nghiệp
DN có sự giám sát và kiểm tra phù hợp với những hoạt động được phân quyền cho nhân viên không?
Y Thể hiện ở quy chế hoạt động của doanh nghiệp
Nhân viên của DN có hiểu rõ nhiệm vụ của mình và của những cá nhân có liên quan đến công việc của mình hay không?
Y Công ty nêu rõ trách nhiệm, quyền hạn, nghĩa vụ của từng vị trí
Nguyên tắc bất kiêm nhiệm có được thực hiện phù hợp trong DN không?
Y Nguyên tắc bất kiêm nhiệm được thực hiện trong mọi khâu của quy trình hoạt động cuat công ty
2 Quy trình đánh giá rủi ro
BQT/BGĐ đã xây dựng quy trình đánh giá rủi ro kinh doanh liên quan tới BCTC chưa?
N/A KTV chưa thu thập được các tài liệu hoặc quy trình có liên quan
Ban lãnh đạo có đưa ra các mục tiêu hoạt động và tài chính phù hợp với quy mô và mức độ phức tạp của công ty không?
Y Các mục tiêu hoạt động đều được cân nhắc và đánh giá kỹ lưỡng
DN có xem xét đến các yêu tố rủi ro gian lận trong BCTC cũng như các hành vi vi phạm pháp luật liên quan đến việc lập và trình bày BCTC cũng như các bút toán kế toán, các giao dịch khác để quản lý rủi ro gian lận không?
Y Có sự tham gia của ban kiểm soát
Các rủi ro kinh doanh liên quan tới mục tiêu lập và trình bày BTC được phát hiện và xử lý chưa?
N/A KTV chưa thu thập được các tài liệu hoặc quy trình có liên quan
Quá trình đánh giá rủi ro đối với BCTC có sự tham gia của nhân sự phù hợp không?
Y Có sự tham gia của ban kiểm soát
Các khiếm khuyết của hệ thống KSNB
Vấn đề Khiếm khuyết Đề xuất hoàn thiện
Internal control for the purchase cycle
Bước công việc trong quy trình
Hoạt động kiểm soát Bộ phận thực hiện
Hồ sơ tài liệu có liên quan
Quy trình mua hàng Đơn vị có nhà cung cấp thường xuyên cho các mặt hàng cần thiết, mỗi lần cần cung cấp lại ký một hợp đồng riêng lẻ Nguyên nhân là do sản phẩm đảm bảo chất lượng, quan hệ lâu năm uy có uy tín Nếu thay đổi liên tục sẽ không kiểm soát được chất lượng sản phẩm đầu vào
Khi có nhu cầu, phòng vật tư làm đề nghị mua hàng và trình Giám đốc phê duyệt
Giám đốc kiểm tra lí do mua và phê duyệt đề nghị mua
Trên đề nghị mua hàng sẽ trình bày lý do mua hàng
Sau khi được phê duyệt, phòng vật tư đặt hàng qua điện thoại với nhà cung cấp, ký hợp đồng riêng giám đốc
Nhà cung cấp giao hàng cho đơn vị Các biên bản nghiệm thu từng lần viết tay giữa bên giao và bên thủ kho được ký
Biên bản giao nhận đánh máy vào cuối mỗi đợt nhập hàng có xác nhận của Giám đốc, thủ kho và phụ trách bên giao hàng cùng biên bản nghiệm thu hàng
Thủ kho, giám đốc kiểm tra số lượng vật tư trên biên bản nghiệm thu và ký xác nhận
Phòng vật tư, ban giám đốc
Kế toán kho lập Phiếu nhập kho có xác nhận của Thủ kho, Kế toán trưởng, Giám
Kế toán kho kiểm tra biên bản nghiệm
97 đốc Căn cứ biên bản giao nhận, hóa đơn của nhà cung cấp thu, lập phiếu nhập kho kho, hóa đơn
Kế toán trưởng kiểm tra lại
Phiếu nhập kho trình Ban
Giám đốc phê duyệt và chuyển đến kế toán kho hạch toán
Kế toán trưởng kiểm tra phiếu nhập kho, đối chiếu với biên bản nghiệm thu và ký xác nhận BGĐ kiểm tra và ký phiếu nhập
Phòng kế toán, ban giám đốc
Phiếu nhập kho, hóa đơn
NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN
(Đánh giá năng lực chuyên môn, năng lực nghiên cứu của sinh viên trong quá trình viết KLTN Đánh giá nỗ lực và hiệu quả công việc, sự thường xuyên liên lạc của sinh viên với GVHD Đồng ý/ không đồng ý cho sinh viên được bảo vệ KLTN)
Giảng viên hướng dẫn (Ký & ghi rõ họ tên)